Period 1 Warming up & Pre-reading
Teaching aim:
To learn something about some famous scientists
Teaching procedures:
Step 1 Lead-in
1. Can you name some famous scientists?
2. In your opinion, what qualities should a scientist have?
(Common characteristics: bright/ brightness; creative; cautious; persuasive; strict; positive; co-operative; enthusiastic; etc.)
3. What kind of scientists do you know?
(geologist; geographer; mathematician; physicist; chemist; agriculturist; astronomer; botanist; biologist; inventor …)
Step 2 Warming up
1. Page 1, SB. Ask Ss to finish the quiz and find out who knows most.
2. Show some pictures of these great scientists and have a brief introduction to them.
Step 3 Pre-reading (Discussion)
1. What do you know about infectious diseases? What kind of infectious diseases do you know?
(Infectious diseases can be spread easily, they have unknown cause and may do great harm to people. SARS; Bird flu; AIDS; etc.)
2. What do you know about cholera? (T can introduce this disease by using slides)
3. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research? Discuss in small groups the stages in examining a new scientific idea. What order would you put them in?
(Find a problem→Make up a question→Think of a method→Collect results→Analyse the results→Repeat if necessary→Draw a conclusion)
Step 4 Language points
1. discover vt. to be the first to find, learn of, or observe 发现，发觉
discover 通常指被探索或被揭示物早就客观存在着；invent指的是发明原先不存在的东西。如：
Columbus discovered America in 1492.
Alexander Graham Bill invented the telephone in 1876.
2. as conj.
used in comparisons 用于比较：像……一样
He’s as old as I am.
in the same manner or way that 照……的方式
Do as I say.
while; when
He saw her as she was getting off the bus.
because
As she has no car, she can’t get there easily.
though
Tired as I was, I tried to help them.
as it is: in reality; in fact 事实上
I hope things would get better, but as it is they are getting worse.
(7) as it were: so to speak; in a certain way 可以说; 跟……一样
He is my best friend, my brother, as it were.
3. characteristic
(1) n. a special and easily recognized quality of someone or something 特色, 特性
A characteristic of this animal is its ability to live for a long time without water.
(2) adj. typical; representing a person’s or thing’s usual character 独特的
I heard my friend’s characteristic voice.
4. the way of doing sth. 意为“做……的方法”，还可以表达为 the way to do。如：
She showed us the way of cleaning it. = She showed us the way to clean it.
I don’t like the way (that / in which) you speak to your father.
5. put sth. forward:
(1) to offer (an idea, suggestion etc.) for consideration 提出
He put forward a new plan.
(2) 拨快 Put the clocks forward. 将时钟拨快
(3) 推荐某人或自己任职位; 提名
May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?
我能否提名你当委员会主席吗?
6. infectious adj.
(1) capable of causing infection 传染的,能够导致传染病的
Cholera is an infectious disease.
(2) caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection传染性的, 由传染引发的
Colds are infectious, and so are some eye diseases.
(3) easily or readily communicated 有感染力的，容易或快速传播的
an infectious laugh有感染力的微笑
(4) infect vt. 传染, 感染
infectant n. 污染物,传染物 adj. 传染的, 污染的
infected adj. 被感染的
infection n. 传染, 传染病, 影响, 感染
7. if necessary 是一种省略句式。在while，when，until，unless，if，once等引导的状语从句中，如从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句的谓语部分含动词be时，可以省略从句的主语和动词be。
When (I was) a boy, I looked at such things quite differently.
Don’t speak until (you are ) spoken to.
Step 5 Assignments
1. Revise the words in “Warming up”.
2. Learn the words from “attend” to “ strict”.
3. Prepare “Reading”.
Period 2&3 Reading and comprehending
Teaching Aims:
①Get Ss to improve their reading abilities.
②Let Ss know the topic “Great scientists”
③Know some important phrases occurring in this reading
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Lead in
Check Ss’ knowledge about some scientists and their discoveries.
①Who discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?
Archimedes
②Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?
Charles Darwin
③Who invented the first steam engine?
Thomas Newcomen
④Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed form parents to their children?
Gregor Mendel
⑤Who discovered radium?
Maries Curie
⑥Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?
Thomas Edison
⑦Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?
Leonardo da Vinci
⑧Who invented a lamp to keep miner safe underground?
Sir Humphrey Davy
⑨Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?
Zhang Heng
⑩Who put forward a theory about black holes?
Stephen Hawking
After all the questions, then lead in the passage with a picture. Ask ss if they know the map and what it is used for. Give them the answer later “It is a map to find out the cause of Cholera. ”
Step 2 Skim and Scan
More questions are given to get the general ideas of this passage and some obvious facts.
Who defeats “King Cholera“? John Snow
What happened in 1854? Cholera outbreak hit London.
How many people died in 10 days? 500
Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?
These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.
Step 3 Reading for details
1 Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first?
Neither its cause, not its cure was understood.
2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?
People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.
3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by ________.
gathering information with the help of a map
looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street
Separating those who suffered cholera from those who didn’t
Both A and B (right choice)
4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do?
Suggested that the source of all water supplies be examine. Suggested that new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. Instructed the water companies not to expose people to the polluted water anymore.
Step 4 Mind map of the passage
Paragraph 1: Introduction of John Snow and Cholera
Paragraph 2: Two theory
Paragraph 3-5: Study of the breakout in 1854
Paragraph 3: Think of a method: Test two theory
Collect the result: Mark the death
Analyze the result: Reason for death and no death
Paragraph 4: Analyze the result: Find the resource of the water
Paragraph 5: Repeat if necessary: Find more evidence.
Draw a conclusion: Cholera was spread by germ
Polluted water carried cholera
Paragraph 6: Prevention of Cholera
Step 5. Careful reading
1.Ask the Ss to read the text carefully and then finish the chart in Ex. 1 on page 3.
Scientific Report by John Snow | |
The problem | Nobody knew the cause of the serious disease of cholera. |
The cause | Idea 1: strange cloud in the air that attacked victims. Idea 2: people absorbed the disease with their meals. |
The method | Collect data from the next cholera attack to test theories. Try to prove which method was correct. |
The results | He found the cause of cholera was the polluted water.
|
Idea 1 or 2? Why? | Idea 2. Because the data showed a connection with the water. |
The conclusion | John Snow was able to defeat cholera once its cause was known.
|
Step 6 Retell the passage
Provide ss with a summary with some blanks. Let them retell the passage as well as pay attention to some important words.
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:
John Snow was a well-known ____ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ____ out, he began to gather information. He _____ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supply be _______ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.
Step 7 Language points
1. attend v.
to be present at; go to 出席，参加
He decided to attend the meeting himself.
to give one’s attention; listen 注意，倾听(常跟to连用)
Are you attending to what is being said?
to look after; serve 照顾，护理
I have a good doctor attending me.
(4) to go with 伴随，陪伴
Danger attended everything he did. 他做的每一件事都带有危险。
attendance n.照顾：出席人数
There is a doctor in attendance. 有一位医生照顾。
There was a large attendance at the concert. 音乐会听众很多。
2 ease v.
(1) to free from pain, worry 减轻；缓和
The doctor gave him some painkillers to ease the pain.
The relationship between the two countries has eased.
(2) to relax 放松
It’s time for your father to ease up on his work a bit. He’s getting old.
n. the condition of being comfortable 舒适;
freedom from difficulty, or hardship不费力
a life of ease 舒适的生活
with ease 毫不费力地，轻而易举地
to jump over with ease 很容易跳过去
He passed the examination with ease.
3. expose v.
to make visible 暴露
New fashions are exposing more and more of the body.
与to连用
He exposes his skin to the sun.
to reveal the guilt or wrong doing of 揭露
He exposed their plot. 他揭露了他们的阴谋。
The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve.
对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。
4. every time ：连词，引导时间状语从句，后省略when；类似的还有 immediately，the moment，directly, instantly.
Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happening between us.
I will give the report to him immediately I see him.
I came directly I got your message.
5. outbreak n.
(1)a sudden increase 突然发生
Police quelled the outbreak of violence.
(2) a sudden eruption; an outburst 突然爆发
There has been an outbreak of measles on town.
6. control v. & n.
(1) v. to have power over, rule, direct 统治；控制
The government tries its best to control prices. 政府努力控制物价。
He cannot control his anger. 他无法抑制自己的愤怒情绪。
(2) n. 控制；统治；掌握
①lose control of / be (go) out of control 失去控制
The diver lost control of his car and it knock into a tree. 司机失去控制,车撞到树上。
The car was out of control and ran into a wall. 车失去控制,撞到了墙上。
②in control of 在…控制下
Mr Brown is in control of the money. 布朗先生管理钱财。
③under the control of 被…控制着
The money is under the control of Mr Brown. 钱由布朗先生掌管。
7. reason / cause
reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接 for sth./ doing sth.;
cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接 of sth./ doing sth.。如：
The reason why she was late is that she didn’t get up on time.
The cause of the fire is unknown.
8. suggest vt.
(1) to offer for consideration or action; propose （常与that连用）提议；提出；建议。如：
I suggested that we should travel by train.
(2) to make evident indirectly; intimate or imply 暗示；显出。如：
It suggested that you did not catch the 8 o’clock train, but you caught the 8:25 train.
(3) suggest后跟从句时，如果表示建议的语气，其后要用虚拟语气。若表示暗示或表明时，不用虚拟语气。
9. absorb vt. & vi.
(1) to take or suck in (liquids) 吸收 absorb…into…
A sponge absorbs water.海绵吸水。
The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its ow