2013版英语一轮精品复习学案：Unit1《Festivals around the world》（新人教版必修3）
【高考新动向】
【考纲全景透析】
【重点单词】
1. starve vt.&vi. (使)饿死；饥饿；渴望，急需
例如：
She’s starving herself trying to lose weight．
她为了减轻体重而忍饥挨饿。
【拓展延伸】
starve for渴望得到……
starve to death 饿死
be starved of sth. = hope/long for sth.极需，缺乏
starve sb．into sth．／doing sth．使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事
starvation n．挨饿；饿死
The plants are starving for water. 这些植物极需要水
They got lost in the desert and starved to death．
他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死
The engine was starved of petrol and wouldn’t start
发动机缺油，发动不起来
【即境活用】
用starve的短语的适当形式填空。
1). Thousands of people ________ ________ ________ in Africa.
2). These children are ________ ________ love.
3). The people on the island _______ _______ _______ fresh water since it hadn’t rained for nearly half a year.
Keys: 1). starved to death/died of starvation 2). starving for 3). were starved of
2. belief n. [c,u] 信任；信仰；信心 believe vt.&vi. 相信
例如：
1). He has great belief in his doctor. 他对那位医生无比信赖。
2). She has lost her belief in God. 她已不相信上帝（不相信真有上帝）。
[拓展][来源:学科网ZXXK]
have belief in sth/sb 对某事物/人的真实性和正确性所具有的信心
beyond belief 难以置信
in the belief that... 相信……
It is my belief that... 我相信……
【即境活用】
用belief的短语填空。
1). He came to me ________ ________ ________ ________ I could help him.
2). ________ ________ ________ ________ that nuclear weapons are immoral.
3). The cruelty of the murders was ________ ________.
答案：1). in the belief that 2). It is my belief 3). beyond belief
3. gain n. 获得；增加；获利，获得物；收益；利润；
vt. 得到；获得，赢得，增加，增添，到达；（钟、表等）快
该词有三种含义：
1). 表示经过努力一点一点地获得自己渴望的东西
He has gained rich experience in these years. 这些年他已获取了丰富的经验。
2). 表示速度、重量等慢慢增加
He gained weight after recovery from his illness. 康复后他的体重增加了。
3).（钟，表）走快
This clock gains five minutes a day. 这只钟每天快5分钟。
[拓展]
gain experience / fame / independence 获得经验/名望/独立
gain sth. from 从……处获得某物
gain other’ s respect / love / trust 获得别人的尊敬/爱戴/信任
No pains, no gains. 一分耕耘,一分收获。
【辨析】：gain, win, get, earn, acquire
gain指在斗争，竞争中做出很大努力而“获得”，所得的东西常具有一定价值
win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”
get为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”
earn意为“赚得”，表示经过艰苦努力所得的报酬
acquire意为“获得，取得”，一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得
【即境活用】
win/get/gain/earn/acquire填空对比：
I’m new in the job but I’m already ___ experience.
Please____ me a glass of water．
His perseverance _____him many friends and a gold medal．
He_____ up to$50，000 a year by writing stories．
After six years’ study，he has _______a good knowledge of English．
【答案】gain get win earn acquire
4. award n. 奖；奖品 vt. 授予；判定
作动词时后接双宾语，award sb. sth. 颁发给某人某物 be awarded for 因……而受奖。
例如：
Medals were awarded to the best speakers on the debating team.
奖章授给辩论队中的最佳演说者
He got the highest award in the contest．
他得到了比赛的最高奖。
He won the award for the best student of the year．
他获得本年度优秀学生奖
【辨析】：award/prize/reward
award既可作动词也可作名词，指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少
prize为名词，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得
reward既可作动词也可作名词，指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、酬金
He won the award for the best student of the year．
他获得本年度优秀学生奖
A prize was given to the person who had the winning number
奖品奖给了那个获得中奖号码的人
He received a medal as a reward for his courage．
他得到一枚奖章，作为对他勇敢的奖赏
【即境活用】
Three university departments have been ______$600,000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning．
A．promoted B．included C．secured D．awarded
【解析】D 考查动词词义辨析。区分动词意思，按照句意排除。promote 促进，提升；include包括；secure保证，是安全；award授予，奖给
5. admire vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕
① I have to admire Wang Nan for her persistence.
我不得不佩服王楠那种坚韧的精神。
②I am filled with admiration for his courage.
= I have admiration for his courage.
我对他的勇敢十分敬佩。
③ He gave me an admiring look .
他向我投以赞美的一瞥。
【即境活用】
We _____ the old scientist _____ his contribution _____the country.[来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K]
A. admire; for; to B. admire; at; to
C. respect; on; for D. respect; on; at
【解析】选A。考查admire sb. for sth.和contribution to sth. 的用法。前者表示“因某事而钦佩某人”，后者表示“对。。。。。的贡献”。
6. permission n.[u] 许可；允许 permit vt. 准许；许可；允许 permit n.许可（证）；执照
例如：
You have my permission to leave. 我准你离开。
[拓展]
with/without (one’ s) permission得到允许/未经允许
ask sb. for permission 征求某人的许可
give sb. permission to do sth.: permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
have one’ s permission得到某人的同意
【即境活用】
完成句子或用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1). They entered the area _______ _______ (未经允许).
2). The prison authorities permit _______ (visit) only once a month.
3). We hav
e arranged to play tennis on Saturday, weat
her _______ (permit).
4). You will need to obtain planning _______ (permit) if you want to extend your house.
答案：1). without permission 2). visiting 3). permitting 4). permission
7. apologise vi. 道歉，辩白
apologise to sb. for （doing）sth.
=make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
You should apologise to your teacher for coming late．
你应该为你的迟到向你的老师道歉
I must apologise for my mistake．
我必须为我的错误表示道歉
I do apologise for giving you so much trouble while I am here．
我在这期间给您添麻烦真是对不起。
【拓展延伸】
(1)英语口语中其他表示道歉的句式还有：
I am really sorry．but I seem to have misplaced your bag somewhere．真对不起，我好像把你的书包丢在什么地方了。
I feel terrible，but I’ve just broken your beautiful vase．I don’t know what to say，I’d like to replace it．
真是抱歉极了，我刚才把你那个漂亮的花瓶打碎了。我真不知说什么好，我想赔偿
（2）对于道歉的同答，可以用下列句式来表达：
Don’t worry about it．别担心
Just forget about it．
别再提这件事了。／别再把这件事放在心上了
It’s not important．那算不了什么
That’s OK．没关系
It’s nothing．没有什么
It doesn’t matter．没关系
【即境活用】
The headmaster told the boy _____ the angry teacher, but he refused to.
A. to apologise B.apologise to C. to apologise for D. to apologise to[来源:Z_xx_k.Com]
【解析】D。考查动词的搭配。按照句意，区分动词的搭配即可。Tell sb to do sth.让某人去做某事；apologise to sb.向某人道歉
8. remind vt. 提醒；使想起
例如：
1). This story reminds me of my childhood. 这个故事让我想起了我的童年。
2). I reminded Gerald of his promise. 我提醒吉罗德他曾许下的诺言。
3). Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow. 请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。
[拓展]
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
remind sb. of / about sth. 提醒某人记住某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that... 提醒某人/使某人想起……
【即境活用】汉译英。
1). 这些照片使我想起我的童年。
________________________________________________________________________________
2). 请提醒我要每天服三次药。
________________________________________________________________________________
答案：1). These photos remind me of my childhood.
2). Please remind me to take my medicine three times a day.
Please remind me that I should take my medicine three times a day.
【重点短语】
1. take place 发生
take place为不及物动词短语，无被动语态
例如：
The reception will take place on Saturday.
招待会将在星期六举行
【拓展延伸】place短语归纳
take the place of 代替/取代
in the first place (用于列举理由)首先，第一点
in the last place 最后
in one’s place 处于某人的位置，为某人设身处地想一想
in place 放在本来的位置，就位
out of place不在合适的位置；不适当的
in place of 代替，用……而不用
take sb’ s place / take the place of sb. 代替某人；接替某人的位置
Money is being used in place of something more direct.
金钱正在被更直接地用来取代某种东西。
Before you leave the office, everything should be put in place.
在离开办公室之前, 应把所有物品摆放好
Who will take Mr Miller's place?
谁将代替米勒先生？
【辨析】：happen/take place/occur
happen是普通用语，使用广泛，其“发生”往往带有意外偶然性。另外happen也可作“碰巧”讲，这时后面要接to do sth．。
take place一般是按意图、计划“发生”，事情往往是事先安排好的，还可引申为举行、进行的意思
occur用于指具体事物时，可与happen互换(但happen后加不定式时，不能与occur换用)；另外occur还有“想起”的意思，这时不可同happen互换
I happened to see him on my way home.
= It happened that I saw him on my way home.我碰巧看到他回家
A big earthquake occurred (=happened) in the south of China last year.
去年中国的南方发生了一场大地震
It occurred to me that she didn’t know I had moved into the new house.
我突然想起来她不知道我已经搬进了新家
Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.
在过去的十年中，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化
【即境活用】
World Expo of 2010 will ______ in Shanghai China Beijing.
Maybe something unexpected ______.
It ______ to him that he had forgotten to take his briefcase.
【答案】take place happened occurred
2. in memory of纪念；追念
to the memory of = in memory of 为了纪念
have a good/bad memory for sth. 善于记……/不善于记……
1). Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people. 很多典礼是为了纪念名人的。
2). The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist. 这个雕像是为了纪念那为有名的科学家而建立的。
[短语归纳] in + n. + of 短语：
in honour of 为了纪念……；向……表示敬意
in praise of 歌颂
in favor of 赞同, 支持
in charge of 负责
in need of 需要
in search of 寻找
in possession of 拥有
in place of 代替
【即境活用】
用in + n. + of构成的词组填空。
1). A monument was set up ______ ______ ______ the dead soldiers.
2). He founded the charity (兴办那项慈善事业)______ ______ ______his late wife.
3). If you are ______ ______ ______ anything, don’ t hesitate to let me know.
4). In the discussion, I was ______ ______ ______ Mr. Li.
答案：1). in memory/honour of2). in memory of3). in need of 4). in favor of
3. dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰
dress作“打扮自己或打扮某人”讲，与介词as或like连用或用dress up as sb．或dress up for sth．[来源:学科网]
[短语归纳]
dress up for sth. 为某事而盛装 dress up as sb. 打扮成为某人
be dressed in 穿着(衣服或颜色) dress sb./oneself 给某人或自己穿衣服
We are supposed to dress up as movie characters for the party, what a novel idea!
我们在晚会上要装扮得像电影中的角色，这是一个多么新奇的主意啊！
They dress up for the occasion.
为了参加这个活动，他们都穿上了盛装
She dress up in Elizabethan costume for the fancy-dress ball.
她穿上伊丽莎白的服装去参加化妆舞会
【拓展延伸】
(1)dress vt．&vi．(给……)穿衣，打扮
dress+sb.／oneself[来源:Z+xx+k.Com]
be／get dressed in+(衣服或表颜色的词)
dress+adv．(或表目的、场合的介词短语)
She always dresses in black.
她总穿着黑衣服