国家公共英语二级(阅读理解)练习试卷12(题后含答案及解析)

国家公共英语二级（阅读理解）练习试卷12 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有： 3. 阅读理解

阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。

The United States has many different types of families. While most American families are traditional comprising a father, mother and one or more children, 22.5 percent of all American families in 1983 were headed by one parent, usually a woman. In some families in the United States, there are no children. These childless couples may believe that they would not make good parents; they may want freedom from the responsibilities of child-rearing; or perhaps they are not physically able to have children. Other families in the United States have one adult who is a stepparent. A stepmother or stepfather is a person who joins a family by marrying a father or mother. Americans tolerate and accept these different types of families. In the United States, people have the right to privacy and Americans do not believe in telling other Americans what type of family group they must belong to. They respect each other’s choices regarding family groups.

1． Which of the following is NOT the cause of childless couples? A．They are too busy with their work. B．They may not be good parents.

C．They want to be free from the family responsibilities. D．They are physically unable to have children.

正确答案：A 解析：从文章第一段的第四句可以看出，有些美国人不要小孩的原因有三个：害怕自己不能成为好父母；不想承担养育孩子的任务；或者是身体不适合要小孩。只有A项的内容没有被提到。 知识模块：阅读理解

2． How many types of families are mentioned by the writer? A．Six. B．Two. C．Five. D．Four.

正确答案：D

解析：从文章的第一段可以看出，美国基本有四种家庭类型：核心家庭(a father, mother and one or more children)，单亲家庭(one parent, usually a woman)，丁克族(childless couples)和再婚家庭(joint family)。所以正确答案选D。 知识模

块：阅读理解

3． The second paragraph intends to tell us about ______. A．general traits of the Americans

B．the reason why Americans tolerate and accept different family types. C．the social customs in American society D．the result of the social changes.

正确答案：B 解析：文章第二段主要讲美国人能容忍这么多家庭类型存在的原因：一是每个人都有隐私权；二是相互尊重他人的选择。所以正确答案选B。 知识模块：阅读理解

4． What percent did the families headed by one parent account for? A．50 percent. B．40 percent. C．35 percent. D．22.5 percent.

正确答案：D

解析：文章第一段第二句指出：“While most American families are traditional comprising a father, mother and one or more children, 22.5 percent of all American families in 1983 were headed by one parent, usually a woman.”即大多数美国家庭传统上由一位父亲，一位母亲，一个孩子或更多的孩子组成，但1983年22.5%的美国家庭是单亲家庭，通常只有母亲。所以正确答案选D。 知识模块：阅读理解

The idea of “evolution” is very clearly shown in the story of horse. Millions of years ago, the horse called Eohippus with small teeth and four toes lived in the ground where the plants were easy to chew. Because of changing climate and plants, horses with larger teeth, three toes, till one toe appeared. Finally Eohippus died out and the one-toed survived so well over the grasslands by the time the first man appeared on earth. Darwin considered all modem animals had gradually developed and so had man. The earliest men, with sloping foreheads and much smaller brains, like Eohippus seem to have died out—the weak ones died out and the well- equipped ones survived. Also, like the animals on the different Galapagos Islands, men developed differently according to the condition in which they lived. People living in very hot countries developed black skins, which are good protection against the sun’s rays, and people like the Mongols and Eskimos living in very cold climates have flatter faces and rounder bodies than people else where, to protect them from the cold.

5． The word “evolution” in the passage means ______. A．gradual development

B．all living things developed from a few simple forms of life C．giving off

D．movement of ships or soldiers, planned before hand

正确答案：A 解析：“evolution”这个词出现在文章的第一句，根据全文讲述的马的进化过程，特别是文章的第5句：“Darwin considered all modern animals had gradually developed and so had man.”可以得出词语的正确含义。所以正确答案选A。 知识模块：阅读理解

6． According to the passage, we know that ______.

A．the earliest men in different places developed differently B．Eskimos’ black skin is helpful to protect them from cold C．People in Africa have flatter faces than people in other areas

D．the earliest men have the same foreheads and brains as men today

正确答案：A

解析：从文中“men developed differently according to the condition in which they lived”可以分析出，正确答案是A，而其他3项B，C，D都是错误答案。 知识模块：阅读理解

7． Which statement is NOT TRUE?

A．The earliest men differed from men today.

B．Modern man has developed from a simpler animal of its kind. C．The earliest men had much smaller brains than men today.

D．A large number of the earliest men have also survived though they were weaker.

正确答案：D

解析：由文章中的“the earliest men...the well equipped ones survived”可知，D选项是错误的。而其他3项都可以在原文中找到。 知识模块：阅读理解

8． Darwin considered ______.

A．all living things had gradually developed B．men developed slowly

C．Mongols were fatter than the people in other places

D．people didn’t protect them from the cold except Eskimos

正确答案：A

解析：达尔文认为，所有现代动物都是逐渐进化而来，人也不例外。所以正确答案选A。 知识模块：阅读理解