上外英语辅修语言学测试第五章

Class：___________ Name: ____________ Score: _____________

Quiz:

I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete the sentences. 30%

1. _____________deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world experience.

2. “Charge” and “accuse” are said to be ___________ synonyms.

3. The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the ______________ theory.

4. The hyponyms under the same superordinate are called _____________.

5. Predication analysis is to break down predications into their constituents: __________ and _____________.

6. _____________ is the technical name for the sameness relation.

7. The words “husband” and “wife” are ____________ antonyms.

8. There are two aspects of sentence meaning: _______________________and _______________________.

Chapter 5 Semantics (Quiz)

II. There are four choices following each statement. Choose the answer that can best complete the statement and put down your answer before each statement: (15%)

______1. “John killed Bill but Bill didn’t die” is a(n) ______________.

A. entailment B. presupposition

C. anomaly D. contradiction

______2. “He succeeded” is a case of _______________.

A. one-place argument B. one-place predication

C. two-place argument D. two-place predication

______3. The pair of words __________ are gradable antonyms.

A. good and bad B. male and female

C. present and absent D. buy and sell

______4. Terms like “apple”, “banana” and “pear” are ______________of the term “fruit”.

A. hyponyms B. synonyms

Chapter 5 Semantics (Quiz)

C. antonyms D. homonyms

______5. The sense relation between “John plays the piano” and “John plays a musical instrument” is _____________.

A. inconsistency B. synonymy

C. entailment D. anomaly

III. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) 30%

1. _________The grammatical form of the sentence affects the semantic predication of the sentence.

2. _________The two words “borrow” and “lend” are antonyms but the two sentences “Jane lent some money to Jack” and “Jack borrowed some money from Jane” are synonymous.

3. _________Every word has a sense and a reference.

4. _________“Bird” and “cuckoo” have the sense relation of polysemy.

5. _________ Conceptualists maintain that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to.

6. __________ Two sentences using the same words may mean quite differently.

Chapter 5 Semantics (Quiz)

7. __________ The linguistic context considers the probability of one word’s co-occurrence or collocation with another.

8. __________ Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word cannot be dissected into meaning components.

9. __________ Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.

10. __________A pair of complementary antonyms is characterized by the feature that the denial of one member implies the assertion of the other.

IV. Define the following terms and give one or two examples for each: 10%

1. homonymy

2. hyponymy

V. Question: 15%

What are major types of synonyms in English? Offer at least one example for each type.

Chapter 5 Semantics (Quiz)

Key:

I. 1.Reference

2. collocational

3. naming/ referential

4. co-hyponyms

5. argument, predicate

6. Synonymy

7. converse

8. grammatical meaning; semantic meaning

II. 1-5 DBAAC

III. 1-5 FTFFT 6-10 TTFTT

IV. 1. homonymy

It refers to the phenomenon that different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both

Chapter 5 Semantics (Quiz)

1) two words identical in sound (homophones) sun, son 2) two words identical in spelling (homographs) tear, tear 3) two words identical in both sound and spelling (complete homonyms)

fast adj. moving quickly

v. eat little or no food for a period of time

2. hyponymy

It refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word. Household appliances include refrigerators, televisions, dishwashers and air conditioners. The relation between household appliance and

refrigerator is hyponymy. V. 1) Dialectal synonyms---- synonyms used in different regional dialects

e.g. pavement – sidewalk 2) Stylistic synonyms----synonyms differing in style

e.g. give sb. the sack, fire, dismiss 3）Emotive synonyms

Chapter 5 Semantics (Quiz)

synonyms expressing different emotions of the user

slender/ slim; skinny 4) Collocational synonyms

Synonyms differing in collocation, the words they go together with

pretty, handsome 5) Semantic synonyms

Synonyms differing slightly in what they mean

amazing, appalling