Unit1 &2 of Module 1重点单词与短语 1. concern
（1）n.所关心的人或事；担心，挂念
His greatest concern is the future of his daughter.
The report expressed the public’s concerned about/for the nuclear waste. （2）v.与……有关；涉及；使……担忧
The lecture concerned the environmental protection.
What concerns us is that so many children in the area have dropped out of school. concerned a.关心的(about),与……有关的(with)
He is never concerned about what is going on with his family and friends. 拓展：
have no concern for毫不关心 be concerned about/for 关心
as/so far as …is concerned 就……而言 concerning prep.关于;有关 2. suffer
（1）vt.遭受,蒙受(痛苦、疾病、饥饿、损失等) Many provinces in our country suffered a heavy loss in the flood in 1998.
（2）vi.(from)因……而受损失，患……病 She is suffering from loss of memory. 拓展：
suffering n.痛苦,苦难 sufferer n.受苦者
A. Suffer B. Suffering C. Suffering from D. Suffered from 3. include vt.包括,包含,算入……
The tour included a visit to the Science Museum. 拓展：
including 介词 词义为“包括，包含”
The singer sang a few songs, including two of my favorites = two of my favorites included. 辨析：
contain包括的内容或成分 include包括整体的一部分 hold能容纳
4. advice n.意见,建议,忠告
ask sb. for advice征求某人的意见
follow/take sb’s advice采纳某人的建议 give/offer sb. advice on就……给某人建议 a piece of advice一条建议 much/lots of advice许多建议 拓展:
advise v.建议
advise doing sth.建议做……
advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做…… advise. that sb./sth. (should) do 建议
They strongly advised that the government (should) take some measures to improve the transport. 考点例题:
改错：The Smiths thought of some advice that they went traveling on foot together. 5. request
（1）n.请求,要求
We will make a request for help if necessary.
His request is that the work(should) be finished as soon as possible. （2）v.请求，要求
request sth. request sb. to do sth. request sth from sb. request that sb./sth. (should) do 6. calm
（1）adj.镇静的，沉着的
He remained calm in time of danger. （2）vt.使平静；使安静
You’d better take a deep breath to calm yourself before answering the question.
拓展：
calm down镇静；平静 calm sb. down使某人镇静
The moment the famous film star appeared on the stage, the excited audience calmed down. 辨析：
calm指无风浪或人的心情平静 quiet指没有声音，不吵闹 still指没有运动或动作的状态 silent指不作声，不讲话 三. 重点短语
1. go through经历，经受 go through a hard time经历一段困难时期
go through the baggage检查行李 go through the newspaper浏览报纸 拓展：
go after追求，追赶
go ahead前进；请说（做）吧 go by走过，（时间）过去 go along with向前，（与……）一起去 go in for爱好，从事 go out外出；（灯，火）熄灭 go over越过；复习 go up爬上，（价格等）上升 2. do with处理
do with pollution处理污染
have sth./much/nothing to do with 与……有些关系/很大关系/没有关系 拓展：
What to do with…. How to deal with…. 3. get along/on with
get along/on with sb.与某人相处 get along/on with sth某事进展 拓展：
get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 与……相处得好/不好，……进展顺利/不顺利 get away离开，逃离 get down下来；写下，取下 get down to (doing)开始认真干…… get off下（车，飞机），脱下 get over克服，摆脱 get through通过，做完 get together聚集
4. have trouble/ difficulty/ problem with sb./ sth和某人相处/做某事有困难
He has no trouble with English grammar. 拓展：
Have trouble/difficulty/ problem (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 We have some difficulty in dealing with the matter.
四. 重点句型
1. It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face.
这是我一年半来第一次目睹夜晚。
此句为复合句，that 引导定语从句修饰the first time.
It/ This is / was the first /second time that sb. have/ had done sth.某人第一/二次做…… 1. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
遛狗时，你太粗心，狗松扣了而被车撞了。
While walking the dog = while you were walking the dog在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，如果主句的主语和从句的主语相同，而且从句中的谓语动词又含有be的某种形式，从句中的主语和be可以省略。
When I was traveling in Beijing (=when traveling in Beijing), I happened to meet a former classmate. Though he is over sixty(= though over sixty), he still keeps on studying English. She won’t go to the conference unless she is invited(= unless invited). 2. Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English?
你认为为什么世界各地的人们都想学习英语呢？ 本句为双重疑问名句，do you think在句中做插入语 注意：
一般疑问句用疑问语序( do you think)
特殊疑问句疑问词置于句首，并用陈述语序；
可用于该句型的动词还有believe, guess, imagine, ,suppose等 Who do you suppose is the right person for the job?
How many students do you guess have been to the Great Wall? 3. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.
信不信由你，（世界上）没有什么标准英语。
（1）believe it or not在句中做插入语，意为“信不信由你；我说的是真的”。 常见的插入语有：
generally speaking一般来说 frankly speaking坦白地说 judging from从……来判断 to tell you the truth说真的；老实说 to be honest说实在的 to make matters worse更糟糕的是 （2）such的用法小结
no such…as没有这样的…… such as例如
such…as…像……这样的…… such …that…这样……以致于……
He is reading such a book as you borrowed from the library last week. 他在读的书和你上周从图书馆借来的一样。（ as是关系代词，引导定语从句） He is reading such an interesting book that I want to borrow it. 他在读的书这么有趣，我想借来读读。（that引导结果状语从句）
Unit 3&4 of Module 1重点单词与短语 1. persuade vt.说服； 劝服； 使相信 （1）persuade sb.说服某人
Advertisers try to persuade consumers to buy their goods. （2）persuade sb. to do sth.= persuade sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事
We have persuade him to give up smoking. （3）persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of /against doing sb.说服/劝服某人别做某事
His mother persuaded him not to give up the chance to take part in the competition. （4）persuade sb. of sth./ that+ clause 设法使某人相信
He failed to persuade the workers of his honesty = to persuade the workers that he was honest. 注意：
persuade强调说服、劝服的结果； 而只表劝说动作不表结果时需用try to persuade 或换成advise。 1. insist v.
（1）坚决要求； 坚决主张
Insist on / upon doing sth.或insist that-clause,从句动词用(should) do
The government insists that waste water (should) be made clean before going into the river. She insisted on our staying there for supper. （2）坚持认为； 坚持说
Insist on / upon doing sth.或insist that-clause,从句动词用陈述句语序和相应的时态 He insisted on his innocence. (无罪)
The farmer insisted that the neighbor had stolen his sheep. 2. determine v.决定； 确定； 下决心 + n.
+ to do sth. determine + clause
+ on/upon sht./doing sth. +疑问句+to do sth.
You had better determine a date for the meeting as soon as possible.
It is unnecessary to determine what each word means while you are reading a passage. I haven’t determined where to spend the seven-day holiday. 拓展：
determination n.决心； 决定 determined adj.决然的；果断的
be determined to do下决心干……=make up one’s mind to do give sb. a determined look坚定地看某人 a determined man意志坚定的人 3. familiar adj.熟悉的……；通晓……
The lady looked somewhat familiar, but I could not remember where I had seen her. 拓展：
be familiar with…熟悉……；通晓…… be familiar to…对……熟悉的
考点例题：The song is familiar __________me. = I am familiar ___________ the song. 1. rise(rose, risen)
（1）vi.上升，起立（床），增长
The amount of money spent in dealing with the problem of pollution keeps rising year by year. （2）n. 上升,上涨，升起 arise in price涨价
give sb. a rise给某人提工资
a rise in the cost of living生活费用的增加 at the rise of the sun日出之时 拓展：
raise vt.举起，提出，提高，饲养 The price of rice has been raised lately. = The price of rice has risen lately. raise chickens养鸡
rise one’s voice提高嗓音 raise one’s hands举起手 2. injure v.受伤，伤害
They were slightly/seriously/badly injured in the crash. Smoking will surely injure one’s health. 拓展：
injured adj.受伤的 injury n.伤口，受伤处 hurt(身体部位)感到疼；（肉体或精神上）受到伤害 wound受伤（枪伤/刀伤）等 harm意指无形伤害，“对……有害”常指伤及一个人的健康、权利、事业等 damage主要用于无生命的东西，常指对价值和功能的损坏，可修复。 destroy意为“毁坏，消灭”，指不可修复的破坏。 Reading in the sun harms your eyes.
It hurts me to think that so many people died in the flood.
In the battle, hundreds of soldiers were wounded and some were even killed.
考点例题：Although the city had been attacked by the storm several times, _____________was done. A. a few damages B. few destroy C. little hurt D. little damage 三、重点短语：
1. care with关心，担忧，惦记
What she cares about is her own future. I don’t care about what he is talking about. 拓展：
care for喜欢； 照顾；关心
He had to care for his sister while studying in college. I care much for pop music. 2. change one’s mind改变主意
It is easy for him to change his mind, so don’t believe him easily. 拓展：
make up one’s mind下决心 keep one’s mind on专心于
read one’s mind看出某人的心思 bear/keep sth. in mind记住某事 speak one’s mind 坦率说出心里话 3. give in (to)(向……)屈服，让步
I will never give in to difficulties. 拓展：
give away泄露；送掉；赠送 give back归还
give up放弃（后接sth./doing sth.） give off发出（蒸汽、光等）
give out分发；筋疲力尽 give way to让位于；妥协
We can’t give way to their demands.
He had no choice but to give up going abroad for further education.
4. for one thing…., for another一方面……另一方面……；一则……再则……
I am not going to Beijing for a holiday with them. For one thing, I have no time; for another, I have been there. 拓展：
On (the) one hand, on the other (hand)用以引出相互矛盾的观点和意见
On the one hand, the concert really is worth going to, but on the other hand, the ticket is too expensive. 5. tens of thousands of 数以万计的
Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily. 拓展：
hundreds of数百的
hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的 thousands of数千的 millions of数百万的 dozens of许多； 大量 scores of 许多； 大量
6. be known/well known as = be famous as作为……而出名
Shenzhen is well-known as a modern city. 拓展：
be known for因为……而闻名 be known to sb.为……所熟悉
It is known (to all) that…众所周知…… As is known (to all), ….众所周知……
It is well-known to us all it is very important to keep the balance of nature. =As is well-known to us all, it is important to keep the balance of nature. 7. break out(战争、火灾、疫病等)突然发生，爆发
A fire broke out in the supermarket last night. 拓展：
break down出毛病，不运转
break away from脱离，摆脱…… break in插话，破门进入 break into破门闯入 break off突然终止
break through突围，突破 8. lose hope绝望
He never loses hope even when he fails. 拓展：
lose heart泄气；灰心 lose courage沮丧
lose face丢脸；受屈辱
lose touch (with sb.)与某人失去联系 lose one’s way迷路
lose one’s breath上气不接下气 lose one’s head昏了头 lose one’s life丧生，遇害 四、重点句型
1. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.是我姐姐首先想到骑自行车沿湄公河从它的源头骑到终点的。
It was …who…引导的是一个强调句型。两个where引导的从句均作介词宾语从句。 强调句型结构：
It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其余部分
It was they that put forward the problem at the meeting.
It was not until you told me that I realized that she hadn’t turned up yet. What is it that is happening there?
2. While dairy writers try to record how they feel very soon after things happen, journal writers try to better understand what has happened to them much later.
虽然日记作者试图在事情发生后不久就记录他们的感受，但是日记作者要在很久后才能努力尝试更好地理解发生
在他们身上的事。
while引导的是一个让步状语从句，how和what引导的均为宾语从句。 while作连词用法小结：
（1）=though/although尽管，虽然
While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they can’t be solved. （2）与……同时
He listened to music while doing his homework. （3）在……期间，当……时候
He fell off the bike while he was practicing riding. （4）（表对比）而，却
He was against the plan while the majority was/were in favor of it. Modu1e 1 Unit 5 & Module 2 Unit 1重点单词与短语 1. active adj.积极的，灵活的，活性的
Over seventy as he is, he is still active. I can’t tell whether it is an active volcano. 拓展：
be active in在……方面活跃，积极参加 take an active part in积极参加 act n./v.行为，举动，行动 action n.行为，做法 activity n.活动
actor/ actress n.（男女）演员 2. continue v.继续，持续，延续
continue + n.
continue to do /doing sth.
The road continues as far as we can see.
We can’t continue to work/working with all that noise going on. 拓展：
continue指“原来做的事现在还在做或有中断，然后继续做下去”；
go on后接to do sth.表继续做另一件事；后接doing sth.表继续做同一件事；go on with sth.继续干某事 last指“持续长久”。
The weatherman says that the fine weather will last a week. 3. reward
(1)n.报答，奖赏，报酬
He worked hard in hope of getting a financial reward. (2)报答；酬谢
The old lady rewarded the boy with a smile. They will be rewarded for what they have done. 拓展：
as a rewarded for …作为对……的报酬
give/offer a reward to sb. for sth.为某事而酬谢某人 reward sb. for sth./doing sth.为某事而酬谢某人
4. remain vi.保持，仍是。后常跟形容词、名词、介词短语及v.-ed或v.-ing
Mr. Smith remained active/ expressionless/ single/fat. They remained friends/ partners/ competitors.
The coal mine（煤矿）reminds closed/ working regularly. 注：remainder n.残余；剩余物 5. wonder
(1)n.惊奇，奇迹
It’s a wonder (that) you recognized me.
(It’s) No wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day. (2)wonder作动词常用于以下词组及句型：
wonder +从句“自忖……，自问……，不知道……(想知道)” Tom wondered why he was wanted by the police. (3)wonder +if从句“请问您是否……”（用于礼貌地提出请求） (4)wonder at对……感到惊奇 I wonder at his rudeness. 6. doubt
(1)n.怀疑；不确定； 不信任
There is no doubt about sth./ that ….毫无疑问……
without doubt确定地；无疑地 Without doubt, we will defeat them. (2)v.对……无把握，怀疑
I don’t doubt that …我肯定……（=I’m sure/certain that…）
I doubt if/whether …我不确定……（=I’m not sure/certain if/whether…） 7. consider
vt.(1)考虑(=think about)
consider doing sth./sth.考虑做某事 I consider finding a new job. (2)认为（=regard …as….） consider sb./sth. as / to be…
We consider him as our wise leader.
consider it +形容词+ to do sth….认为做某事是…… I consider it necessary to remind him of his bad behaviour. (3)考虑到；体谅（=take…into account/consideration） considering…考虑到……
注：considerable adj.相当多的；相当大的 considerate adj.考虑周到的；体贴的 consideration n.考虑 三. 重点短语：
1. in trouble处于困境中，有麻烦
He is ready to help those who are in trouble. 拓展：
get into trouble遇到麻烦 make trouble制造麻烦 ask for trouble自找麻烦
have trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难 save trouble省事
take great trouble to do sth.不辞劳苦做某事
put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.麻烦某人做某事 2. out of work/ a job失业
He lost his job the year before last, that is to say, he has been out of work for nearly two years. 拓展：
at work在工作 off work在休班 after work下班后 go to work去上班 out of habit出于习惯 out of breath气喘吁吁
out of date过期；过时 = out of fashion out of control失去控制
3. think highly of = have a good opinion of看重；高度评价 They think highly of your work abilities. 拓展：
What do you think of sb./ sth.?你认为某人/物怎么样？ think much/well of对……评价良好
think nothing of对……无所谓；不把……当回事 think badly/poorly of对……评价不高
think of sb./ sth. as…把……某人/物当作…… 4. rather than不是别的，而是……
Rather than idle away his youth doing nothing in the large company, he started his own small business. He ran rather than walked. 拓展：
would rather do sth…than do sth…宁愿做……；而不愿做……=prefer doing…to doing…) other than = except for除了……； 而非 There is nobody here other than me.
考点例题：This crop doesn’t do well in soils ____the one for which it has been specially developed. A) beyond B) rather than C) outside D) other than
解：other than意思是：不同于，除……之外；rather than意思是：而不是。根据句意：除了这块专门为它培育的土壤，这种作物在其它土壤上都生长不好。应选择D.
四. 重点句型
1. we were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government. 我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。 这是一个主从复合句，in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词position。
类似的名词还有situation, stage, case等，作先行词时，可用where引导定语从句 Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed? 拓展：
介词+关系代词which在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where和why。 He is the boss of the restaurant where （= in which） we often have lunch. Today when （= on which） the product will be put into use will come soon. The reason why（= for which） he was late for school was unbelievable. 2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只有在这时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
此句为倒装句。only修饰状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）置于句首时，句子需要倒装。 Only when it rains do I take a bus to school. Only there did we once see him.
3. Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to the Palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. 后来，叶卡捷林那二世派人搬到了圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。 have sth. done有两种含义 （1）让某事被别人做
（2）承受，蒙受……之后果，如：
I’ll go to the hospital to have my eyes examined (by the doctor). 拓展： have sb. do sth.叫某人做某事(=ask sb. to do sth.) Who did you have put up the poster? have sth./sb. doing 让……一直做某事 Don’t have the machine working too long.
句型have sth./sb. doing sth.侧重描绘或展现情景，因此，v.-ing后一般跟有时间或方式状语 There nothing too serious with your leg. I’ll have you walking around in a week. Module 2 Unit 2 & 3重点单词与短语 1. admit vt. & vi.
（1）许可某人/物进入
This ticket admits two people to the football match. （2）接纳，接受某人（入院入学等）
All countries can take part in if their athletes reach the standard to be admitted to the games. Every four years athletes from all over the world are admitted as competitors. He was admitted to hospital with serious burns. （3）承认，招认
admit （doing）sth.承认某事/做了某事 admit that +从句 承认…… He never admits that he is wrong.
John has admitted that he broke the window. = John has admitted ______________ the window. 拓展：
admission n.允许加入；承认
admission price入场费 admittedly = to be honest说实在的 2. relate v.将两件事联系起来；有关；涉及
It is difficult to relate the cause and effect in the case. relate sth. to /with sth.把……与……联系起来 relate to sb./ sth.与……有关；涉及 拓展：
related adj.有关的；在联系的= relevant adj. relation n.关系，联系，亲戚 relative n.亲戚；adj.相对的 relativity n.相对性 3. promise v. &n. （1）允诺；答应
promise to do sth.答应做某事 promise sb. sth.答应某人某事 promise +that 从句 答应……
make a promise许下诺言 keep a promise遵守诺言 carry out a promise履行诺言 break a promise违背诺言 （2）可能
The clear sky promise fine weather.
注：promising adj.有出息的；有前途的；有希望的 4. common adj.
（1）普通的；通常的
common sense常识 common people普通老百姓 （2）共有的；共同的
common property, ownership共有的财产，所有权 common interest, purpose共同的兴趣，目的 have sth in common with与……有共同之处 拓展：
commonly adv.通常的；常常的 区别： common, ordinary, usual
common所指事物是最平常的。它指常发生，并且是“熟悉的，常见的” ordinary“普通的，平凡的”，强调无特殊之处（not special） It was a very ordinary day today.
Tom Sawyer was an ordinary American boy who kept getting into trouble.
usual常用来指由于长时间没有变化而形成的一种习惯或制度，描写“一贯的，通常”预料所及的事情。 He sat in his usual seat.
Are you coming home at the usual time? Yes, I shall leave the office at the same time as usual. 5. advantage n.优点；优势；有利条件
At the end of an hour’s play the advantage lay definitely with him. 拓展：
an advantage of sth. is that…其中的一个优点是……
an advantage of using solar energy is that it will not pollute the environment. take advantage of 对……加以利用；欺骗 to sb.’s advantage 对某人有利
have /get/win an advantage over （of）胜过；优于 6. arise vi.（arose, arisen）出现； 发生
arise from /out of由……引起；由……产生 A new difficulty has arisen.出现了新的困难。
Accidents arise from carelessness.疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。 拓展：
区别：arise, rise, raise, arouse
arise表示“出现；发生”相当于happen, appear, 而rise无此意 rise（rose, risen）升起；起立（床），上涨；提高 rise from tale （餐毕）起立离桌
His voice rose in excitement.他激动得声音提高了。
raise v.提高；举起；增加；募捐；饲养。及物动词，后接宾语 He raised his arms above his head. arouse vt.唤醒，唤起，激起，引起 arouse sb. from sleep唤醒某人
arouse sb’s enthusiasm 激起某人的积极性 二. 重点短语：
1. as well as也；而且（=in addition to sth./ sb. else） as well as连接两个并列成分时，意为“也”，“和”，“不仅……而且”， “既……又……”通常强调前面的人或物。 Parents should show great concern about their children’s mental health as well as their physical health. =
Parents should show great concern not only about their children’s physical health but also about their mental health.父母应该非常关心孩子的身体健康，也要关心他们的心理健康。
注：当它连接并列主语时，谓语动词的人称和数需和前面的主语一致。 The teacher as well as the students was touched by the moving story. 拓展：
主语部分含有with, together with, along with, but, except, besides, as well as, rather than, including, no less than, as much as等词时，谓语的数应与前面的名词保持一致。
2. used to
Used to, would这两个词语都可以表示过去常做某事，有时可以换用。但used to do强调过去习惯性的行为或状态，但是现在没有这种行为或状态了。因此，这个短语的内涵是今昔对比。
There used to be only low and dirty houses in our village. 拓展：
get/be used to sth./doing sth.习惯于某物/做某事，该词组有各种时态 be used to do sth.被用于做…… 3. make up
（1）化妆；化装
She made up her face to look prettier. （2）捏造，虚构（故事，诗等） The boy made up a story; it was not true. （3）make up for补偿
make up for lost time补回失去的时间
How can we make up to you for what you have suffered? 拓展：
be made up of = consist of由……组成
make for有利于……，有助于……；走向；冲向 The large print makes for easier reading. make it及时赶到，办成功 make it up和解；讲和 make known使知晓；传达 make out理解；懂得；辨认出 4. after all
（1）毕竟；终究；归根到底。常位于句末。如： I passed the driving test after all.
（2）别忘了，后面接提醒对方要记住的事情。如：
I know he hasn’t finished the work, but after all, he’d done his best. 拓展：
in all总计；总共 all in all总而言之
above all首先；最重要的是
at all（常用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中加强语气）根本；丝毫 三. 重点句型
1. How often do you hold your Games?你们奥运会多久举行一次？
How often 问某事发生的频率。常用的答语有：every two days, once a week, at times等 How soon问某事在多少时间以内会完成。常用in/within短语回答 ---How soon will my dress ready? ---In a week.
How long问某动作或某状态持续多久多长时间。常用for短语回答，for可省略。 ---How long did you stay there? ---Only two days.
2. Then it was the size of a large room.当时它有一个房间那么大。
the size of在句中相当于as large as，能用于这种结构的名词还有： the length of = as long as the width of = as wide as the depth of = as deep as the height of = as high as the weight of = as heavy as
此结构前还可以加上half, twice, three times, almost和分数来表示程度。 This rope is half the length of that one.
3. As the years have gone by, I have been made smaller and smaller.随着岁月的流逝，我被做得越来越小了。
（1）as引导时间状语从句，表示主句与从句的动作或状态同时发生，翻译为“随着……”; “当……时候” I saw him as he got off the train.
（2）go by = go on （指时间）过去，流逝；go by还有“遵照，依照”之意 Module 2 Unit 4&5重点单词与短语 1. suggest vt.
（1）建议 后接名词、动名词或宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词需用should +动词原形，should可省略。 I suggest you （should） apply Li Yang’s method to your study. 注明：suggest不能用于suggest sb. to do sth. （2）suggest作“暗示”；“表明”；“使人想起”时其后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用陈述语气。
The black clouds suggest it is going to rain. 拓展：
巧记十个虚拟动词： “一、二、三、四”法
一个“坚持”: insist 两个“命令”：order, command 三个“建议”suggest, propose, advise 四个“要求”：demand, require, request, ask 2. contain v.包含；容纳
区分contain 与include
contain强调主语含有某种成分或装有某物。如： Beer contains alcohol. The bottle contains water.
include强调主语包含的人或物是主语的一部分。所以include常译为“包括”。including…“包括……”,是十分常见的表达形式。
The list included his name.
3. affect v.影响；感动；侵袭
区分： affect v. effect n. effective a.有效的 联想记忆：
have an effect/influence on对……有影响 bring/put sth. into effect使某物开始使用
come into effect （尤指法律\\规章制度）开始实施 take effect产生预期效果；生效 The medicine quickly took effect. 4. stick
（1）vt.粘贴；刺；固定在某处；被……难住 stick a fork into a potato把叉子插进土豆 stick a stamp on a letter把邮票贴在信上
The bus was stuck in the mud.公共汽车陷在泥里动不了了。 The teacher was stuck by the problem.老师被难题卡住了。 （2）vi.坚持
stick to sth.坚持；不放弃 stick to a post坚守岗位
stick to one’s words遵守诺言
stick sth. out把……伸出来，坚持到底 （3） n.棍；棒 a walking stick拐杖 chopsticks n. 筷子
5. unknown a.未知的；不详的；不出名的 an unknown disease一种尚未搞清的疾病 an unknown artist一个默默无闻的艺术家 联想记忆：
as is well known…众所周知
it is well known to all that…众所周知…… be unknown to sb.不为某人所知
Mr. Smith, would you please make yourself known to us? Smith 先生你能向我们自我介绍一下吗？ 三. 重点短语： 1. as a result结果 联想记忆：
as a result of因为…… without result毫无结果地
result from（动词短语）产生；发生 result in（动词短语）导致
Nothing has ___________ _________ his efforts.他的努力终成泡影。
Acting before thinking always ____________ __________ failure.做事不先考虑总会导致失败。 2. die out（指物种）死光；灭绝（of species=become distinct）,火慢慢熄灭 联想记忆：
die away减弱（以至觉察不到）；淡化 die down逐渐降低；减弱 be dying 垂死的
be dying for/to do sth.渴望 die of 死于（饥饿；病） die from死于（外界引起的） die hard很难改变；顽固
Old habits die hard.旧习难改。
3. come into being形成；产生（不可用于被动语态或进行时态）
Dinosaurs lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being.千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多。
联想记忆：
come into effect实施 come into use投入使用 come into power上台执政
4. be concerned about（for）为……担心/忧虑
I believe that you are concerned about animals and plants disappearing.我相信你们为动植物的消失而担心。 联想记忆：
be concerned with与….有关
as far as…be concerned关于；至于；就…而言 The car is fine as far as the engine is concerned. As far as I’m concerned you can do what you like.
Ex. Parents _____ the matters _____ the education of the children. A. show great concern about； concerned B . are concerned about； concerning C. concern； concerning
D. are concerned about； concerning about 5. dream of梦想
dream of /about （doing） sth.
dream of/about sb./sth梦见某人/某物 dream one’s life away虚度光阴 联想记忆：
wish for/hope for sth.希望得到…
wish/hope/except/desire to do sth.希望做… long for/to do sth.渴望得到/做某事
be anxious for/to do sth.渴望得到/做某事 be eager for/to do sth.渴望得到/做某事 6. break up分裂；解体；打碎；结束
The crowd started to break up when the night fell.天快黑时人群开始散开了。 Their marriage broke up.他们的婚姻破裂了。
The company top meeting didn’t break up until midnight. 公司高层会议到半夜才结束。 联想记忆：
break away from摆脱；脱离 break down出故障；分解； break into破门而入 break out爆发 break through突破 四. 重点句型
1. She turned around and there was an antelope with a sad face looking at her.她转过身看到一只羚羊带着忧郁的神色望着她。
此句可改成：
She turned around and there was an antelope which was looking at her with a sad face.
“with a sad face looking at her” 为with的复合结构，即with +名词、代词（介词宾语）+v.-ing（宾补）。可充当宾补的还有分词、不定式、形容词、副词及介词短语。简单总结为：with +宾语+-v.-ed /v.-ing /to do）作伴随状语或定语 考点例题：
With some students _____________（follow） behind , he came in. With a lot of thing ____________ （solve）, the new boss worried a lot.
2. They set the number of animals to be hunted. 他们拨出一定数量的动物供人们捕猎。
to be hunted为动词不定式的被动式，在此作animals的后置定语。不定式作定语时，在句中如果能找到不定式动作的执行者，常用不定式的主动式，找不到时常用不定式的被动式。试比较：
The first thing to be done is to tidy up the office. The first thing for you to do is to tidy up the office.
3. They may play to passer-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money.他们可能在街上或地铁里为过路者演奏，以便有一些额外收入。
so that= in order that引导目的状语从句。so that也可引导状语从句。其区别在于so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中的谓语常含有can, could, be able to等情态动词，而结果状语从句中没有，另外结果状语从句常用逗号与主句隔开，但目的状语从句一般不用。so that引导目的状语从句在许多情况下可改写为so as to或in order to引起的不定式短语。 Module 3 Unit 1 &2重点、难点 （一）重点单词
1. forgive vt. 原谅；宽恕
please forgive me—I didn’t mean to be rude.
I’ll never forgive you for what you have done wrong to your parents. 辨析：forgive, excuse和pardon
excuse常指原谅轻微的过错（用于问路，问事；表示失礼；纠正别人的话；在打喷嚏、打嗝时；插话；表示异议等场合的客套话）。
forgive 有很浓的个人感情色彩，语气较重。 pardon指饶恕严重过错或法律上的犯罪。
Excuse me, but I must say you are completely wrong.
The government pardoned the criminal.政府赦免了那个罪犯。 2. satisfy vt.使满足；使满意；符合（达到）标准 satisfaction n. Just to satisfy my curiosity, how much did you pay for your car?
It is by no means easy to satisfy everyone. 要满足每一个人绝非易事。
Looking at a beautiful painting always gives one satisfaction. 观赏一幅美丽的图画使人心满意足。 联想记忆：
satisfy the eye悦目
satisfy the people’s needs满足人民的需要 satisfy one’s desire(curiosity)满足欲望 be satisfied with sth. / sb. 对……感到满意 with satisfaction满意地
satisfactory adj.令人满意的（to），圆满的；符合要求的 far from satisfactory远不能令人满意 3. gain vt.获得；得到。该词有三种含义
（1）表示经过努力一点一点地获得自己渴望的东西
Gain experience, fame/other’s respect, love, trust获得经验、名望/别人的尊敬、爱戴、信任 He has gained rich experience in these years. （2）表示速度、重量等慢慢增加
He gained weight after recovery from his illness.康复后他的体重增加了。
The plane quickly gained height after it took up.飞机起飞后迅速增加飞行高度。 （3）（钟，表）走快
This clock gains five minutes a day. 这只钟每天快5分钟。 拓展：
No pain, no gain. 一分耕耘,一分收获。 4. apologize vi.道歉；辩白
I must apologize for not being able to meet you. 我必须因没能接你而向你道歉。 拓展：
apologize to sb. for sth. 因某事（为做了某事）向某人道歉 apologize for oneself为自己辩解或辩护
make an apology to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉 5. balance
（1）v.权衡；对比，使（重量、重要性或影响）均衡 balance the advantages against the disadvantages权衡利弊
balance the time spent on the main subjects平衡花在主科上的时间
My accounts balance for the first this year.我的账上今年第一次出现收支平衡。 （2）n.天平；平衡
keep one’s balance保持平衡
out of balance = lose one’s balance失去平衡 拓展：
balanced adj.平衡的
a balanced decision折衷的决定 a balanced diet均衡饮食 6. benefit
（1）vt.有益于；vi.得益于（常与from, by连用） The rain benefits the plants.这场雨有益于植物。= The plants benefit from the rain. （2）n.利益，好处；津贴 a public benefit公益
This dictionary will be of great benefit to me. 拓展：be of great benefit = very beneficial （二）重点短语：
1. in memory of为了纪念 联想记忆：
in honor of纪念…… in charge of掌管；照顾 in need of需要 in possession of占有
in praise of 为颂扬；赞美…… in favor of赞成，支持；有利于 2. look forward to盼望；期待
I’m looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation.
拓展：以下短语中to是介词，后接名词、代词及动词-ing形式：
lead to导致；通向 object to反对
refer to查阅；提到 stick to粘住；坚持
come close to接近；差点 devote …to…贡献……给……；致力于
get down to着手做……
3. keep one’s word守信用，履行诺言 break one’s word食言，失信
take back one’s words(被迫)收回自己说过的话 have/say the last word下结论；说了算 have words with和……争议（争吵） beyond words无法用语言表达 in a few words简单说来；总之 in other words换句话说，也就是说
注意：word作“消息，诺言，谣言”讲时，为不可数名词 keep one’s word履行诺言
have/get word获得消息；听说 leave word留言，口信
word came that…有消息传来说 5. get away to逃避惩罚
Nobody gets away with insulting him like that.这样侮辱他，他是不会放过的。 拓展：
get across被理解；使人了解
Did you speech get across to the crowd? get down to认真静下心（工作） get on well with相处融洽 get out of避免；摆脱
get over做完；结束；熬过
get round避开；逃避现实；说服 get through接通电话；办完；完成 get up起床；起身 （三）重点句型
1. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.很明显咖啡店老板在等着李方离开。
It was obvious (clear) that …“很明显……，显而易见……”= obviously/ clearly 拓展：
It is necessary/important /strange/natural+ that + should do It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder + that + should do 2. What could have happened?会发生什么事呢？
Nothing could have been better.再没有比这更好的东西了。
could + have done表示对已发生的事情的疑惑和不肯定，常用于疑问句和否定句中。
Module 3 Unit 3 & 4重点单词： 1. scene
n. 现场，情景，景色，发生地点，（戏剧）一场 behind the scenes在后台 make a scene吵架，（当众）大吵大闹 拓展
辨析：scene, sight, view与scenery （1）scene指某一处的自然风光
The scene is a perfect dream when you see the sun rising slowly in the east.
（2）scenery（总称）自然景物，天然风光，是由多个scenes构成的自然风景。 Guilin is famous for its beautiful scenery.
（3）sight景象，风景，名胜，侧重值得看的事物或很难看的东西；很可笑的事物 What a sight she looks in that old dress!她穿那件旧衣服看来是多么可笑。 （4）view景色，风景，侧重从人所处的角度以眼所看到的景色。 You can get a wonderful view at the top of the tower. 2. permit
辨析：permit, allow, let
permit和allow意思相近，都表示“允许，准许”，permit稍正式一些。二者用法相同。 （1）二者用于allow/permit sb. to do sth.句型 be allowed/permitted to do sth. allow/ permit me to introduce Miss Mary to you.
Students are not allowed/permitted to enter the Net Bar. （2）二者用于allow/permit doing sth.句型 We don’t allow/permit smoking in our office. =
______________________________________________________________
let允许，让，常用于口语中，一般不用于被动语态。后接不带to的不定式作宾补。 My mother wouldn’t let me __________(go) to the film. 拓展：
permit常用于以下句型
If time/weather permits (=Time/weather permitting), I’ll go outing this weekend. 如果时间/天气允许，周末我将去郊游。
permit的名词形式permission常与介词with和without连用 Without the professor’s permission, nobody can enter the laboratory. allow for考虑；顾及
We must allow for his inexperience.我们必须考虑到他缺乏经验。
It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays. 把路上的耽搁算进去, 你要用半小时才能到车站。
3. method n.方法
with this method/by this means/ in this way用这种方法 辨析：method, means, manner, way 与fashion method侧重“理论方法”，指做某事的具体步骤或程序 a new teaching method新教学方法
means（单复数同形）侧重“通过手段”或“利用工具”去达到某目的 He climbed the tree by means of a ladder. by all means一定； 务必
by means of通过； 用； 借助于 by no means决不， 一点也不
manner主要表示个人喜欢采用的方式或风格 Why are you talking in such a strange manner?
way是最通用的词，可以代替前面的任何一个词。 二、重点短语： 1. go ahead
（1）——May I start now? ——Go ahead!开始吧。 （2）Could I use your dictionary? ——Go ahead!用吧。
（3）——Excuse me, would you please tell me the way to the cinema? ——Go straight ahead for 200 meters.向前直走200米。
拓展：
ahead of time/schedule提前 easy ahead!慢进！
full speed ahead!全速前进。
push ahead向前进，推进
ahead of在……前头，早于； 超过 2. account for解释； 说明
She could not account for her mistake.
I want you to account for each sum of the money you spent. 拓展：
keep an account of记录，记载 on account of因为； 由于 bank account银行账户 open an account with在银行开个户头 3. get into trouble惹麻烦 ask for trouble自讨苦吃
get out of trouble摆脱困境；免受责骂 make trouble闹事
take (the) trouble to do sth.不怕费事或困难尽力做某事 Thank you for taking the trouble to revise my composition. put sb. into the trouble of doing sth.麻烦某人做某事
You shouldn’t constantly put him into the trouble of looking after your pet dog.
4. prevent …from = stop… from...., keep….from…..使……不做事；阻止……做某事 5. now that既然，由于（=since），引导原因状语，从句中that可以省略 Now that you’ve passed the test, you can drive on your own. 拓展：原因状语从句
（1）回答why引导的问句，只能用because
（2）从句用because,可以省略主语，从句用其他表示原因的连接词引导，则不可 （3）as引导的原因状语从句，一般位于主语之前，表示原因的语气比because弱 （4）since 与now that“既然”，可以表示已知或明显的原因。
（5）for是并列连词，表示的是附加的理由，是说话人的推测或判断，它引导的不是从句，而是并列句。 6. in time最终； 迟早sooner or later; eventually in time for sth./ to do sth.及时； 不迟
Will I be in time for the train/ to catch the train? 拓展：
race against time争分夺秒 all the time一直；始终； 老是 at a time一次；每次 at no time永不……
at one time有个时期；曾经； 一度 at times= sometimes=from time to time by the time到……的时候为止 for the time being暂时； 暂且
take one’s time不着急； 慢慢来 keep bad time（钟、表）走得不准 It’s high time that … 是做某事的时候了 三、重点句型：
1. The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.第二天早上，正当我感到绝望时一船发现了我。
句中when为并列连词，译为“这时”，表示一种未预料到或突然发生的情况，常用于讲述过去发生的事情或故事。 when常用于以下句型： 1)be about to do …when…
2)be on the point of doing…when… 3)be doing…when…
4)had hardly done…when…
Module 3 Unit 5 & Module 4 Unit 1重点单词： 1. wealthy adj. 富有的；丰富的
Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the most wealthy and biggest city in Canada. 拓展：
a wealthy land富饶的土地 a wealthy family富裕的家庭
to live a healthy and wealthy life过健康富裕的生活 wealth n. 财富
a man of wealth富人 考点例题：
His parents got rich by making money on the stock market, so he lived in a w_______ family. 2. worthwhile adj. 值得做的；值得出力的
I think teaching foreign language is worthwhile. Her interest makes our efforts worthwhile. This is a worthwhile cause.
拓展：辨析：worth, worthy, worthwhile
（1）worth只能做表语，后接名词或主动形式的动名词 The job is worth our efforts.
This novel is worth reading again.
（2）worthy既可以做表语，还可以做定语。做表语时后接名词或加个of后再接名词或不定式的被动形式； He is a worthy winner. 他是个名副其实的赢家。 She said she was not worthy to be my wife. This book is worth reading.
（3）worthwhile既可做表语，还可以做定语。做表语时后面接不定式或动名词。 It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth.
3. strike vt. /n. (strike-struck-struck/ stricken) (1)打； 敲；击； 袭击；划火柴
A terrible typhoon struck Shenzhen last year. I struck a match and held it to his cigarette.
(2)突然想起；某种想法突然出现；给人留下印象 An idea suddenly struck me. = An idea occurred to me. Her kindness struck everyone present deeply. 拓展：辨析：strike, beat, hit
strike除了“打；击”的意思外，还有“攻击；袭击”之意；另外它可以指时钟的“报时”。 beat着重指用棍、棒等连续地打或击。另外，它还可以指“心跳、水浪拍打岸边”。 hit一般指一次性的“打、击” 重点短语：
1. settle down安坐，安居，使安静，使镇静
She settled down in the armchair and began to read a book. He finally settled down to his study. 拓展：
The insect settled on a leaf. 一只昆虫落在一片树叶上。
They settled the dispute among themselves. 他们自己把这个争端解决了。 2. figure out算出，了解，明白，估计，推测 I can’t figure out what you want to say.
We must figure out how to solve the problem. figure n. 轮廓，体形，画像，数字，形状 I could see a tall figure near the door. What a fine figure of a man!
a great figure in history历史上的大人物 have a head for figures数字概念强的头脑 I’m not good at figures. 我计算不行。 3. as far as
(1)远到；直到； 到……为止，用来加强语气 The woods stretch as far as the seaside.
That day I walked with her as far as the railway station. （2）至于； 就……而言
As far as I know, Congfei is really a great volunteer. Your plan is good as far as it goes. 4. in the distance在远处；在远方
I could see the bus coming in the distance. 拓展：
at a distance隔一段距离； 距离稍远一些
The picture looks better at a distance. 这幅画隔远一点看好看一些。 from a distance从远方 keep a distance别靠近
keep sb. at a distance对某人保持疏远 重点句型：
1. The idea that they would cross the whole continent was exciting. 他们将穿越整个大陆的主意令人兴奋。 本课出现了三个同位语。
The idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days is just wrong. The fact that ocean ships can go there surprises many people.
拓展：同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语。一般位于该词（如news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise, information, order, hope, truth, question等）之后，说明其具体内容：
I have no idea when he will be back.
区别：同位语从句与定语从句
The suggestion (that) he raised at the meeting is very good. (that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)
The suggestion that the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good. (that引导同位语从句，不能省略)
2. He was going to take them to the train station to catch “The True North”, the cross-Canada train. 他要带他们去火车站坐加拿大的“真北方”号列车。
The cross-Canada train为The True North的同位语，同位语是对前面名词的进一步解释。课文中还出现了以下含有同位语的句子。
Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the most wealthy and biggest city in Canada. They saw the covered stadium, home of several famous basketball teams. The cousins were invited to have dinner in downtown Chinatown, one of the three in Toronto.
3. Our group are all going to visit the chimps in the forest. 我们一行人都准备去拜访森林里的黑猩猩。
集体名词group, class, family, army, enemy等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，表示“……中的每一个“时，用复数形式，如：
My family is a large one.
The family are watching TV together. Our group are reading the newspapers. This group is made up of 14 students.
4. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以考虑自己的计划。
以“only+状语”开头的句子要用倒装，即将助动词或连系动词置于主语之前，例如：
Only in this way can we learn English better.
注意：如果以“only+主语”开头的句子不用倒装，如： Only we can help ourselves. Module 4 Unit 2 &3重点单词： 1. reduce vt.减少，缩减
The price of these shoes has been reduced since the New Year’s Day.
The new bridge reduces the traveling time from 50 minutes to 15 minutes. reduce to减少到，使……变为（更小尺寸） reduce by减少了，（以……的比例）减少 拓展：
reduction n.缩减，减少，降低 make a reduction打折扣
at a reduction of打了……的折扣 2. certain adj.确定的；某一个
She is certain to do well in the examination.
It’s about certain that the government will lose the next election. A certain person called on my yesterday. 拓展：
for certain 肯定地；确凿地（certainty n.） make certain of把……弄清楚
make certain that＋从句 把……弄清楚 注：certainty n.确实的事情 with certainty肯定地
3. suitable adj.合适的；适合的（suit v.）
They are looking for a suitable person to take over Mr Brown’s job. The film is not suitable for children –it’s full of violence. 拓展：辨析：suit与fit
fit 指大小、形状的合适，引申为吻合、协调。suit 指合乎需要、口味、条件、地位，以及花色、款式等与某人的皮肤、气质、身材或身份相称。match 多指大小、色调、形状、性质等的搭配。
（1）It doesn’t ________ you to have your hair cut short. （2）Carpets should ________ the curtains. （3）Does the coat ________ you? 4. astonish vt.使惊讶
What he said at the meeting astonished everyone present. 拓展：
（1）多用过去分词作表语和定语，表示“感到惊讶的”，如： I am astonished that he didn’t pass the exam.
（2）其另一形容词astonishing 表示“令人惊讶的，惊人的”，如： It is astonishing to me that he should be present.
注：astonishment n.惊讶 in astonishment 惊讶地
5. particular adj.特殊的；特别的
There was nothing in the letter of particular importance.
Are there particular topics that you would like me to explain further? 拓展：
in particular特别，尤其
You should avoid eating fat meat, pork in particular. be particular about 对……挑剔，讲究的 He’s very particular about what he eats. 三. 重点短语：
1. struggle for为……而斗争
They had to struggle for their lives against the bad weather. People in that country are still struggling for peace. struggle with 与……作斗争 struggle against与……作斗争 carry on a struggle
a life-and –death struggle生死搏斗 struggle to one’s feet 2. thanks to幸亏，因为
Thanks to the efforts by the headmaster, I can go back to school now. It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded. 以下短语也表示“因为，由于”之意
because of/owing to/due to具有介词性质，后面要接something或somebody，不能接从句 3. equip… with用……装备
Our classroom is equipped with a TV set and a tape recorder. Equip yourself with everything that you’ll need in the future. 拓展：
equip…for/to do sth.
equipment n.装备，设备（不可数名词） office equipment办公设备
a piece of equipment一件设备（注意不说an equipment）. 4. would rather宁愿，宁可
He’d rather work in the countryside.
Jane would rather stay at home than go to such parties.
（1）would rather…than…是一惯用句式，表示“宁可（愿）……（而）不要（愿）…… （2）would rather＋从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，用动词的过去时表示，如： I would rather you didn’t go to Tom’s party tomorrow evening. 四. 其它短语：
1. lead a …life过着……的生活
If the operation succeeds, the patient will be able to lead a normal life. 2. supply…to 提供……给……
The media supplies a lot of information to us every day. 拓展：
supply sth. to sb. = supply sb. with sth. = sth. be supplied to do the water supply供水 in short supply供应不足
3. be satisfied with对……表示满足或满意=be content with You’ve done well at school. I am really satisfied with you. 4. refer to指的是提到，查阅
When I said some people are stupid, I wasn’t referring to you. I don’t know the word. I have to refer to a dictionary. 5. bump into （=knock into）碰撞；偶然碰到
He bumped/knocked into his teacher in the street yesterday. 6. pick up捡起，（用车）接某人，学会（语言），接收（节目），（无意）获得 She soon picked up French when she went to live in France. 7. deal with 与do with处理；对待
________ can they deal with waste water in this way? _________ should do with the problem? 五. 重点句型：
1. Wishing for things, however, cost nothing.然而，愿望是不花本钱的。
wishing for things为动词的-ing形式做主语.动词的-ing形式由动词原形＋ing构成，如： Collecting information is very important to businessmen. Learning a foreign language is very useful to me.
to do 也可以作主语，但是表示一个具体的特定的动作，而doing更强调一个抽象的平常的动作。 ________________________ basketball is very popular with boys in our school. ________________________ basketball is what I want to do this afternoon.
2. Using his hybrid rice framers are producing harvests twice as large as before.用他的杂交水稻种子，农民种出比以前多一倍的粮食。
倍数表达法：
（1）A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj.＋as＋B Asia is four times as large as Europe.
（2）A＋be＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B： Asia is three times larger than Europe.
（3）A＋be＋倍数＋（由某些形容词变化来的）名词＋of＋B Asia is four times the size of Europe.
3. Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin?你看到有人被香蕉皮滑倒会觉得可笑吗? 句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式to see someone sliding on a banana skin，其中sliding on a banana skin是动词-ing作宾语补足语.所以本句包括两个结构：
（1）find it＋adj.＋to do sth. 觉得做……很…… I find it difficult to understand him.
（2）see sb. /sth. doing sth.看见某人做某事 Can you smell anything burning?
I heard Mr. Smith singing in the next door. Module 4 Unit 4& 5 重点单词 1. touch vt.触摸； 接触；（使）感动
The branches of that big tree hung down and touched the water. Visitors are requested not to touch the paintings. The hero’s speech touched the entire audience.
拓展：touch还可以作名词，常用于以下短语中： get in touch with和……取得联系 keep in touch with 和……保持联系 lose touch （with） 和……失去联系 2. avoid vt.避免；消除（+n./doing）
We should learn how to avoid making the same mistakes. To avoid getting lost, you should always follow us. 拓展：只能用v. -ing作宾语的动词有：imagine, escape, can’t help, enjoy, miss, allow, advise, consider, delay, excuse, feel like, finish, forbid, give up, keep, mind, permit, practice, put off, suggest等
Do you mind their making noise here?
3. charge vt.（for）收费； n.（收取的）费用
This hotel charged me 5 pounds for a room for a night.
As long as you’ve paid in advance, we won’t charge you for delivery. The charge for a front-low seat is 5 pounds. 拓展：
（1）charge作“控诉；指控”用时，常与with连用，如： He was charged with murder.
（2）charge作理工作“主管； 掌管”用时，常用于： in charge of主管； 看管
in/under the charge of在……掌管下 take charge of 掌管； 负责； 看管 4. cloth n.布；衣料
How much cloth does it take to make a blouse for this girl? Pass the cloth, please. I want to clean the window. 拓展：cloth, clothe, clothes, clothing
（1）cloth为名词，指“衣料”时是不可数名词，作“（特殊用途的）布”时，是可数名词，如：a table cloth； a dish-cloth
（2）clothe动词，给“给……穿衣，为……提供衣物”，如： He has to work hard to feed and clothe his large family. （3）clothes为名词，指“衣服\\服装”；包括“上衣\\裤子\\内衣”等，是复数名词，没有单数,不能直接和连词连用,后面要接复数动词,如：
These new clothes are all for her.
（4）clothing为名词, 指“总称衣服\\被褥”，还包括“帽子\\鞋袜”等，没有复数形式，后面跟单数动词，如： Our clothing protects us from cold. A coat is a clothing.
5. involve vt.包括； 使陷于
Giving advice at the right time has to involve a great deal of intelligence in. They are deeply involved in debt. 拓展：
involve with“和……混在一起； 和……有密切关系” Don’t involve yourself with those people. 注：involvement n.连累，包含 二、重点短语：
1. be likely to很可能……； 有希望…… Are you likely to arrive in time? She likely to ring me tonight.
likely既可以用人也可以用物作主语，除了用于be likely to外，还经常用于It’s likely that…句型,这时,它等于It’s possible/probable that…, 如：
It’s likely/ possible /probable that the teacher will say no to our proposal.老师可能否决我们的提议。 但是,possible和probable的主语都不能是人, 如不能说：She is possible/ probable to ring me tonight. 2. close to（时间\\空间等）接近； 靠近 The bank is close to the supermarket. There is a bus-stop close to our school. close to还可以表示：
（1）亲近的； 亲密的a close friend （2）几乎； 几近 close to 6 o’clock 拓展：close与closely（作副词）
The ship kept close to the coast.（=near）
He looked at the portrait more closely.（=carefully） 3. lose face丢脸； 丢面子
Failing in the exam made me lose face.
In order not to lose face, he decided not to tell the truth. 4. 其它短语：
①take action （on）采取措施； 采取行动
The government has promised to take swift action on its energy crisis.政府已经答应就能源危机迅速采取措施。 At the same time, they are taking strong action to protect the wildlife.同时，他们正采取强有力的措施来保护野生动物。 ②at ease舒适； 自由自在
I feel at ease with my friend.我和朋友们在一起感到自在。 ③intend to想要； 打算
I intended to study abroad after graduation.我打算毕业后去国外留学。 ④introduce …to/into…把……介绍给……； 把……引入/传入……
A visit to the museum introduced the class to modern art.参观博物馆令全班同学认识了现代艺术。 Tea was introduced into other countries from China.茶是从中国传入其他国家的。 5. make a profit牟利；赚取利润
He made a profit of five hundred dollars on the deal.他在这次交易中获取五百美元。 6. come to life活跃起来； 苏醒
Spring is the season when everything comes to life. 7. name after以……的名字给……命名
He named after his daughter （Rachel） after his grandmother. 8. meet the need满足需要；满足需求
The best cook is unable to meet everyone’s need of different tastes. 三、重点句型
1. This is an exciting experience for you, so you stand watching and listening. 这对你来说是一个令人兴奋的经历，于是你站在一旁，观看着，倾听着。
2. You see her step back appearing surprised, and take a few steps away from Mr Garcia.你看到她吃惊地往后退，离开加西亚先生几步远。
3. The visitor from Japan comes in smiling at the same time as George Cook from Canada.日本来客微笑着走了进来,同时进来的还有加拿大的乔治·库克。
以上三句中的划线部分都是动词的-ing作状语，表示前面动作发生时的伴随状态，又如：Four people entered looking around in a curious way.
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking.
动词-ing的形式状语还可以表示时间\\原因\\条件等，如：
Seeing the teacher entering the classroom, the students stood up.（时间） Being too excited, he couldn’t go to sleep last night.（原因） Studying harder, you can improve your English.（条件） 另外，动词-ing形式状语还要注意以下两个问题： （1）否定式.在前面直接加not,如：
Not having enough money, I decided not to buy the book then.
（2）完成式.肯定为having done； 否定为not having done,如： Having finished her homework, she began to watch TV. Not having received his reply, she decided to write again. Module 5 Unit 1 & 2 一、重点单词
1. expose v.使暴露; 揭露; 使接触
expose a secret/ a plan泄露秘密\\计划
expose sth/ sb. to …把……暴露在……之下
expose students to good art and music使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐 expose soldiers to unnecessary risks使士兵冒不必要的危险
The reporter was killed because he tried to expose a plot.这名记者因为试图揭露一个阴谋而被杀害。 （让自己通过听、说、读、写多接触英语） 2. control v. &n.控制; 支配; 管辖
control a school/a wild horse/one’s emotion/prices管辖学校.控制野马.控制感情.控制物价 under control在控制之下
out of control失去控制
lose control of 失去对……控制 3. puzzle
（1）vt.使困惑，使为难， 使伤脑筋 The math problem puzzles me. I am puzzled by the math problem. The math problem is puzzling.
be puzzled about sth.对某事迷惑不解 （2）n.难题； 迷惑，困惑
be in a puzzle about sth.对某事迷惑不解 4. available adj.
（1）可得到的； 可利用的 Tickets are available at any time.
Many houses are available for rent in this district. Clothes of your size are not available for the moment. （2）可接受探访的； 可见客人的 Is the manager available?
5. error n.错误； 缺陷；错误思想； 过失；违法（行为）； 行为不正 by error错误地
fall into an error误入歧途； 犯错误 拓展：error, mistake, fault
error比mistake要正式一些， 它不但可以指一般性的“错误，失误”，还可以指道德上的“错误，失误”。mistake（个人感觉，多与人有关） n.错误； 过失（anything that you do or say wrongly）。v. 误解；误会；（have the wrong idea）
a spelling mistake 拼写错误
I took your pen by mistake. 我拿错了你的钢笔。
fault 缺点，错误（something which is wrong, a mistake）过失，过错（responsibility责任for being wrong） Who’s fault? It’s my fault. merits and faults 优缺点
The fault is mine. 这是我的错。
二、重点短语：
1. put forward提出（意见\\建议） put forward a plan提出计划 拓展：
put in打断; 插嘴
弄错 put off延期; 推迟
put on假装; 伪装, 上演（戏剧）; 穿上 put out扑灭; 出版 put through接通电话
put up举起; 抬起; 张贴; 公布 put sb. up为……提供食宿
to put up a notice 张贴布告; 接待 put up with忍受; 忍耐; 受苦
2. consist of由……组成=be made up of consist in 存在于
consist with与……一致
注意：以上词组都不能用于被动语态.
His job consists of helping old people who live alone. The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. Theory should consist with practice. 3. leave out遗漏; 省略;忽略 leave out a letter漏掉一个字母
leave out the problem for the moment暂不考虑这个问题 拓展：
leave sb. alone （by oneself）不打搅某人 leave sb./ sth. behind把……忘到脑后 leave…for…离开某地去某地 leave for动身去某地
4. take the place of代替,取代（= replace） take place（=happen）
take one’s place （= take one’s seat）就座 take one’s place代替某人 5. break down
（1）破坏; 拆散; 分解
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances. The robbers broke the door down. （2）（机器）损坏
Our truck broke down outside town. （3）失败; 破裂
The peace talks are said to have broken down. （4）精神崩溃; 失去控制 He broke down and wept. 其它短语：
6. lead to通向; 导致
All roads lead to Rome.条条道路通罗马。 Diligence led to his success. =
His success lay in diligence.勤奋使他获得了成功。 7. make sense有意义; 意思清楚; 有道理 What he has just said makes much/no sense. make sense of 理解; 懂; 明白 I can’t make sense of this poem.
in a sense在某一方面; 就某种意义来说 What you say is true in a sense.
8. for convenience 为了方便起见 = for convenience’s sake at one’s （own） convenience在某人方便的时候
Please deliver the goods at your earliest convenience.请尽早送货。 三、重点句型
1. （1）So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.于是在1510-1514年期间他继续从事这项研究，逐步修改他的理论，直到他感到完善时为止。
（2）The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God’s idea.基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，说它违背上帝的思想。
句（1）中gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete和句（2）saying it was against God’s idea。 = and gradually improved his theory until he felt it was complete. =and said it was against God’s idea.
2. There is no need to debate any more about … 没有必要再为……而辩论 There’s no doubt sth./ that…毫无疑问…… There’s no possibility that …不可能……
There’s no point in doing sth.做……没用/没意义
There is no point in complaining; they never take any notice.埋怨没用,人家根本不理睬。 拓展：
It’s no good/ no harm/ no use doing sth.做某事没有好处
There’s no use/ no good/ no point （in）doing sth.做某事没有用处/好处 Module 5 Unit 3& 4一. 重点单词： 1. private adj.
（1）私人的；属于个人的 private property私人财产 private school 私立学校 （2）不公开的 a private door便门
Don’t say anything about what we’re discussing anyone; it’s private. （3）安静的；不惹人注意的
Is there a private corner where we can sit and talk by ourselves? 拓展：
in private私下里
in public公开地；在公众场合 2. impression n. 印象；感想
be under the impression that…认为；觉得
make/ leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象 make no impression on 对……无影响/效果
give sb. a favourable impression给某人以好的印象 First impressions are most important. 拓展：impress vt.
impress sb. with使（人）印象深刻；使铭记 She impressed me with her passion for work. impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记
His words are strongly impressed on my memory. 3. surrounding （常用作复数）周围的事物；环境 比较：environment
to grow up in beautiful surroundings 在美丽的自然环境中长大 to grow up in a happy environment 在快乐的生活环境中长大
surroundings 指一个地方或一个人周围的具体东西；而environment指周围的一切，尤其指环境对人心情及发展的影响
拓展：surrounding adj. 包围的；周围的 4. lack vt. 缺乏；不足；没有
lack courage/ creativity/ self-discipline / money/ time缺乏勇气、创造力、自制力、钱、时间 lack n. 用作名词构成以下词组：
for/ by / from/ through lack of 因缺乏……
The project had to be abandoned for lack of money. no lack of不缺乏；很多 lack in在……缺乏（不足） lacking adj. 缺少的；不足的
There is something lacking in his character.
I should say your secretary is lacking in responsibility. 5. require vt. “需要；要求；命令”常用于以下四种句型： （1）It requires that…要求；必须
It requires that I （should） give evidence. （2）require sth. of sb. 对某人有……的要求
I’m not guilty. I only did what was required of by law. （3）require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 The rules requires us all to be present.
注：requirement n. 需求，要求，必要条件，需要的东西，要求必备的条件
拓展：在It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，proposed，etc. ） 结构以及necessary，essential，important，
strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如： 6. remind vt. “提醒，使想起”常用于以下三种句型： （1）remind…of… 使想起；提醒
The film reminded him of what he had seen in China. （2）remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
Please remind me to return the books to the library. （3）remind sb. that… 提醒某人（做）某事
Please remind me that I must call her up before nine. 二. 重点短语：
1. concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于
concentrate one’s mind/ attention on （upon） 把注意力集中在
With his mobile phone ringing constantly, he can’t concentrate on his work. 拓展：同义词组：fix one’ s attention on focus on
be absorbed in
如果指较长时间的全心全意做某事，用下面短语： put one’s heart into sth.
devote oneself to sth. /doing sth.
2. be eager to渴望做某事，热切想做某事 be eager for sth. 渴望得到 拓展：
辨析：be eager to do sth. 与be anxious to do sth.
be eager to 指以极大的热情渴望实现愿望或达到目的 He is eager to go to college.
be anxious to do sth. 急切地希望实现愿望，但因顾虑愿望落空而心情不安，感到焦虑 I am anxious to know the final result.
3. suffer vi. 受痛苦；受损害 vt. 遭受；忍受 （1）感到疼痛、痛苦
He died very quickly, he didn’t suffer much. 他死得很快，没有多少痛苦。 （2）承受，遭受
You must be prepared to suffer consequences. 你要准备承担后果。 suffer from
（1）患有（疾病等）
She suffers from headache. 她患有头痛病。 （2）为……所苦，因……而吃苦头
Our business has suffered from lack of investment. 我们的生意因缺少投资而受损失。 I’m suffering from a real lack of time this week. 我这周为时间不够用而苦恼。
Mrs. White’s little boy is suffering from a bad flu bug again. 怀特太太的小孩又患上严重的感冒。 拓展：
suffer the result /heavy losses /injuries承受结果/遭受大损失/负伤 suffer from headache/illness 遭受头痛/疾病的困扰
suffer （vt. ） 和suffer from的区别：suffer 指一般的损害、痛苦等等，但suffer from指长期的或习惯性的痛苦或困难。 名词形式：suffering 三. 重点句型：
1. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. 我因为为旅行担心，前几天很不安。 worried about the journey为过去分词短语在句中充当原因状语，（＝As I was worried about the journey,）. 过去分词短语在句中除了充当原因状语，还常充当时间、条件、伴随、方式、让步等状语。如：
Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. ＝While I was confused by the new surroundings, …. （时间） Even if invited, I won’t go.
＝Even if I am invited, …（让步） We will not attack unless attacked.
＝We will not attack unless we’re attacked. （条件）
2. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of China Daily. 周阳永不会忘记他在中国日报报社第一天上班的工作任务。
Not only am I interested in photography, but I took a course at university. 我对摄影不只是感兴趣，在大学我还专修过摄影。
Only when you have seen what he or she does, can you cover a story by yourself. 只有你见习了他们的工作以后，你才能独自进行新闻采访。
注意：下列否定词或半否定词及否定短语提到句首，句中需部分倒装。
never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, not a single…, not until…, not only…, by no means（决不）等 Module 5 Unit 5一、重点单词 1. damage
(1)n.损失； 损害， 损坏
do/cause damage to损害，破坏 (2)vt.损害，损坏； 使受损失
The earthquake damaged several buildings.地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。 a badly damaged car严重损坏的汽车 拓展：damage, destroy, ruin
damage, destroy 和 ruin 这三个单词均表示“破坏”、“损坏”的意思，但各自的含义和用法不同。 ①damage指部分“损坏”、“损害”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词,也可以用作名词，用作名词时常与to something 连用。例如：Hundreds of houses in the area were damaged by the storm. 暴风雨毁坏了这个地区数以百计的房屋。The accident did a lot of damage to his car. 这次车祸使他的车受到很大的损坏。
②destroy 只能用作动词，指彻底破坏，以致不可能修复，常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解，也可以指希望、计划等打破。例如： The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. 地震几乎毁灭了整个城镇。His hope of being a writer was destroyed. 他想成为一个作家的希望破灭了。
③ruin则表示破坏严重,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物,而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时，它作“使毁灭”、“使崩溃”、“弄糟”解；用作名词时,它表示“毁灭”、“瓦解”、“废墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。例如：The fire ruined the castle. 那场大火使城堡夷为废墟。The house has fallen into ruin. 房子倒塌了。The company is facing ruin. 这家公司面临破产。 2. present
（1）vt.赠予； 颁予， 呈递
present flowers to sb.(present sb. with flowers)献花给某人 present reasons提出理由
present a new aspect呈现出一派新气象 present a new play 上演一出新戏
Allow me to present Mr Black to you.请允许我向您介绍布莱克先生。 （2）adj.现在的， 出席的， 存在的 at the present time目前， 现在 the present price现价
the present participle现在分词 be present at a ceremony出席仪式 （3）n.礼物， 现在， 目前 at present现在， 目前 二、重点短语 1. first aid
（1）n.（对伤患者的）急救
give first aid to sb.= carry out first aid on sb.对某人实施急救 拓展：aid n.帮助， 援助， 帮助者，有帮助的事物 cut off aid中止援助 teaching aids教具 a hearing aid助听器 medical aid医疗救护
with the aid of借助于= with the help of come to sb.’s aid帮助某人 in aid of为了帮助
we collect money in aid of the education in the poverty-stricken area. 我们筹集资金以援助贫困地区的教育。 （2）vt.资助， 援助， 帮助 I aided him in his enterprise.
They aided in solving the problem.
2. a number of adj.“许多的， 若干”后接可数名词 区别：the number of / a number of：
都跟可数名词复数。前者作主语，谓语用单数；后者作主语，谓语用复数。 The number of the trees is two thousand. （用单数谓语. 另注意trees前有限定词） A number of trees have been cut down. （用复数谓语. 另注意trees前无限定词）
拓展：
后接可数或不可数名词的短语：
1）lots of（a lot of）后接可数或不可数名词。例如： My parents spend a lot of their spare time on English study.
Mike had collected lots of Chinese stamps when he studied in China. 2）plenty of后接可数或不可数名词。例如： We have plenty of books to read. There is plenty of water in apple.
（注：plenty of一般只用于肯定句，在疑问句中常改用 enough；在否定句中常改用 many或 much。另外， plenty of短语作主语时，谓语动词的数由它后面的名词的数而定。）
3）most of后接可数或不可数名词。例如： Most of his money is spent on books.
Most of the students in our class are fond of sports.
4）a large quantity of后接可数或不可数名词。例如：
A large quantity of books have been translated into foreign languages. There is a large quantity of coal in the coal－mine. 后只接可数名词的短语
1）a group of后接可数名词的复数。例如：
A group of wounded soldiers were saved by Dr Bethune.
2）a（great/large/good）number of后接可数名词的复数。例如： There are a number of professors in our college.
A great（large／good） number of new machines have been sent to the country side. 3）a great many后接可数名词的复数。例如： There are a great many books in our school library. 4）scores of后接可数名词的复数。例如： Scores of dustmen took part in the strike. 后只接不可数名词的短语
1）a great（good deal of）后接不可数名词。例如： A great deal of information can be stored in computers. 2）a large amount of 后接不可数名词。例如：
They are going to spend a large amount of time on the research work. 3. make a difference有影响， 很重要
It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.这表明急救知识的确能发挥重要作用。 Everyone can make a difference as long as he tries to.只要努力，人人都可以有所作为。 拓展：
It makes no difference whether…是否……没有什么差别 = It doesn’t matter whether ….
如：It makes no difference whether you are for or against the arrangement.你反对还是赞成这安排都没有关系。（没用） 4. stick to 粘住， 坚持
Take clothing off the burned area unless it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把它脱掉。
Cover the burned area with a bandage that will not stick to the skin.用干而清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带把烧伤面包起来。 拓展：stick to, insist on, keep on
stick to a decision/ plan/ theory坚持决定/计划/理论（不改变） insist on doing sth.坚持要做某事
Stick to what you think is right, no matter what others say. He insisted on going home, though it was very late.
For many years he kept on studying English and using it until he could used it freely. 三、重点句型
1. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.不要擦拭，因为这样做会擦破水泡，伤口会感染。
小结as的用法：
（一）as作副词，表示程度，意为“同样地”。在“as. . . as. . . ”，“not as. . . as. . . ”结构中的第一个as是副词，作“和／与……(不)一样”解。e.g.：
Jack is as tall as his father.
He doesn’t speak English as／so fluently as you. （二）as作介词。
作“如，像”解。e.g.： They got united as one man. 作“充当，作为”解。e.g.：
As a writer，he was famous.
（三）as作连词，常用来连接主句和状语从句。
1. 引导时间状语从句，作“当……的时候”解，有“随着……”之意，与while意义相近，强调两个动作同时发生；或某事一发生，另一事立即发生。e.g.：
He shouted aloud as her ran along. 他一边往前跑，一边高声地呼喊。 I was startled as he opened the door. 他一开门，吓了我一跳。 as作连词，相当于when。e.g.：
As a little boy (When he was a little boy)he began to learn to play piano. 他小时候就开始学弹钢琴。 2. 引导原因状语从句，作“因为，由于”解，与because的用法相近。e.g.：
I must stop writing now，as I have rather a lot of work to do. 我必须停笔了，因为我还有许多工作要做。 引导方式状语从句或比较状语从句，作“正如，(如)像”解。e.g.：
As in your country，we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south. 正如(像)你们国家一样，我们在北方种小麦，在南方种水稻。(方式状语从句)
When at Rome，do as Romans do. 入乡随俗。(方式状语从句)
3. 引导让步状语从句，作“虽然，尽管”解。这时从句常用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as之前。e.g.：
Strange as it may seem，it is true. 尽管这事看上去很奇怪，但却是真的。
Try as he might，Tom could not get out of the difficulties. 不管怎样努力，汤姆还是摆脱不了困境。 （四）as作关系代词。
1. 引导限制性定语从句，用在“such…as”, “the same…as”，“as…as”等结构中，常译作“像……一样的人(或物)”，“凡是……的人(或物)”。 e.g.：
He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was. 他曾希望做一个像雷锋那样的人。 My hometown is no longer the same as it was. 我的家乡再也不像过去一样了。
2. 引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代它前面的整个句子(即先行句)，意思是“这一点”。这个分句可以位于句首、句中或句末。e.g.：
As is well known，oceans cover more than 70％ of the earth. 我们知道，海洋占地球面积的百分之七十以上。 （五）含as的固定词组的用法
1. as soon as作“一……就”解，引导时间状语从句。e.g.：
As soon as I get to Beijing，I’ll write to you. 我一到北京，就给你写信。 2. as／so long as作“只要”解，e.g.：
As／So long as you study hard，you’ll make progress. 只要你努力，你就会取得进步。
3. as if／though常用来引导方式状语从句，作“好像，仿佛”解。如果从句中讲的是非真实情况，则用虚拟语气。e.g.：
She loves the child as if／though he were her own. 她爱这个孩子如同爱自己的孩子。
As if／though也可用来引导表语从句，常用在“It appears／looks／seems…+as if／though”句型结构中。e.g.： It appears as if／though it is going to clear up. 看起来天要晴了。
It seems as if／though he knew nothing about it.他好像对此事一无所知。 4. as to作“关于，至于”解。e.g.：
There is no doubt as to his honesty. 他的诚实是无可置疑的。 5. as much／many as作“多达……”，“达到……之多”解。e.g.： He can earn as much as 5000 dollars a month. 他每月能挣5000美元。 6. so／as far as I know作“就我所知”解，在句中作插入语。e.g.：
As／So far as I know，he will come here next Monday. 据我所知，他将于下星期一到这里来。 7. as a result，as a result of表示“由于……的结果”。 e.g.：
She died as a direct result of the accident. 她的死是那次事故的直接结果。 8. as well为“也，还”之意。e.g.：
Come early，and bring your brother as well. 早点来，把你的弟弟也带来。 9. so as to，so. . . as to若跟动词原形，表示目的或结果。e.g.：
He studied hard so as to pass the exam. 他努力学习以便通过考试。(表示目的) Module 6 Unit 1&2一. 重点单词 1. aim
(1)v. 瞄准； 对准
aim the gun at the bear把枪瞄准熊
Don’t aim the needle at his eyes. 不要用针对着他的眼睛。 aim at向……努力； 力争； 企图 aim high志向高远
be aimed at目标是, 目的是； (批评,评论等)针对某人
(2)n. 瞄准； 目的； 目标 Take careful aim before firing.
(3)aimless adj. 无目的的, 无目标的 aimless life 2. focus
(1)n. 焦点； 焦距； 使人感到兴趣所在
The focus of my camera does not work properly.
Her fashionable dress became the focus of attention at the party.
(2)focus (sth. ) on sth. 把……集中于…… focus the x-ray on the patient’s chest. I can’t focus on anything today after the tiring ride in the country. 3. transform v. 完全改变某物或某人的外观或特性 Success and wealth transformed his character.
One’s personality can not be completely transformed.
What was it that transformed this beautiful land into desert? His plans were transformed overnight into reality. 拓展：
transformable adj. 可改变的 transformation n. 改变； 转变
The transformation of the stated – owned enterprises国有企业的转变 transformer 变压器 二. 重点短语：
1. score of几十； 许多
英语中的所有数量单位在表示概数时,同时加“s”和“of”, 如dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, millions of etc. 当这些单位词前面有数词修饰表示确定的数目时,不加“s” “of”,如：
two dozen eggs, three hundred pupils, five million people etc. 但three score of policemen例外 2. take it easy放松, 别紧张
Take it easy! You won’t get into trouble with us around. 相关短语：
take one’s time别急；慢慢来
Take your time. You have half an hour to go. take sth. apart拆开
Taking the radio is an easy job but it will be hard to put it together. take in收留； 欺骗； 吸收； 摄取； 包括
Consumers can be taken in easily by the exaggerating advertisement. take off脱掉； 起飞
The fight will take off soon, let’s be on board. take sb. off sth. 使某人离开…… 调离
The player was taken off the team due to his breaking team rules too often. take on呈现； 带着
Her eyes took on a hurt expression. take sb. on雇佣； 允许搭乘
Our company is expending and it is urgent for us to take on some new office workers. take over控制； 接管
The army has taken over the whole city. take up占据； 从事； 接下去 The piano takes too much room.
After the graduation, I took up a job as a journalist. 3. let out发出(叫声)； 泄露(机密) He let out a yell and ran home.
I’ll never tell you another secret if you let this one out. 拓展：
let alone不要管(碰,惹等)； 更不要说
After it had scratched him several times, the boy let the cat alone. He can’t speak his own native language well, let alone French. let sb. down使失望； 失信
He won’t let you down； he is very reliable. let go 放开；放手 let it go算了
The children teased Frank, but he smiled and let it go. 4. make into制成，做成（后面跟产品，制成品）
拓展：与make相关的短语
make up构成；化妆； 打扮； 编造 be made up of由……组成, 由……构成 make up for补偿；弥补
be made of用某种原材料制成（后面跟原材料） be made from 用某种原材料制成（后面跟原材料） make full use of = most the best/most of充分利用 make up one’s mind= make a decision下决心做某事 make fun of= large at取笑； 嘲笑 三. 重点句型
1. The impressionist period is generally recognized as the beginning of modern painting. 印象派艺术家阶段通常被认为是现代艺术的开始。
recognize…as… 公认为……是…… 类似的结构还有：
consider / imagine/ think of/ look of/ refer to
Lawrence’s novel was eventually recognized as a work of genius.
2. We would have won, if Jack had scored that goal. 如果杰克进了那个球, 我们就会赢了。
本句是虚拟语气句，if条件从句用had done, 主句用would have done，表示与过去事实相反。 条件状语从句 主 句 与过去事实should /would/could/might + have + had + 过去分词 过去分词 相反 与现在事实would/should/could/might + 动词一般过去时(be用相反 were) 原形 一般过去时或与将来事实would/should/could/might + 动词should(were to) + 动词相反 原形 原形
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容