大学英语六级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷192 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation
Part I Writing
1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on understanding others by referring to Abraham Lincoln’s remark, “I don’t like that man. I must get to know him better.” You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
正确答案： “I don’t like that man. I must get to know him better.” This remark of Abraham Lincoln is quite interesting. It advises us to know others more before making a judgement quickly. Strange as it may sound, I think this saying makes sense. If we refuse to know a person better only because we don’t like him in some aspects, such as his appearance or dressing style, we may abandon the chance of making friends with a noble person and lose valuable assets. Abraham Lincoln himself is a case in point. When Lincoln was campaigning for presidency, his opponent Stanton often humiliated him in public. But Lincoln still tried hard to know the strengths and weaknesses of this opponent. When Lincoln became president, he asked Stanton to join his Cabinet, who proved to be a very helpful official. If Lincoln had refused to know Stanton better, he would never get such a talent to help him. In conclusion, it’s quite irrational to make arbitrary judgments about others before we get a better understanding about them.
Knowing others takes much time and is not always easy, but it’s worth it.
解析： 这是一篇名言分析型的作文，要求考生对亚伯拉罕.林肯的名言“我不喜欢那个人，我要多了解一下他”进行分析，论述如何了解他人。根据题目要求，可谋篇布局如下： 第一段：引述名言，并解释其涵义：多了解他人，不要武断地判断他人。 第二段：论证名言的说法，并以亚伯拉罕?林肯和他的对手斯坦顿为例子进行说明。 第三段：总结全文。
Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
听力原文：W: Hi, I’m Rebecca Hall. I’m calling from Baumatic.M: Oh. Hi, Rebecca.W: You have been put forward as the candidate for the post you’ve applied for. I just want to talk you through the procedure of the interview.M: Oh... great.W: Someone will meet you when you arrive, pay you back for your travel expenses, and then bring you up to meet myself and Philip Hart, the CEO.M: OK. Sounds good. Will you be the only member of the interview panel?W: Yes, it’ll be just me and Philip who will talk to you. The interview will be in three parts—[2]first, we’ll ask you some general questions about yourself and your educational and professional background, then well move on to specifics.M: Specifics? Well, what kind of questions will you ask?W: It’ll be very similar to the personal statement you submitted with your resume—we’ll expect you to give actual examples of problems you’ve faced and solved, and of what you feel are the major successes in your career so far.M: That sounds great!W: Then there’ll be a chance for you to
ask us any questions—about the job itself, or Baumatic in general.M: OK. I’ll think of something!W: After that, we’d like you to give a short presentation—on how you see Baumatic as a company progressing, and how you see yourself taking us there.M: OK So will I be expected to give something like a formal style presentation?W: It can be as formal or informal as you like. And we’ll see you at 10:00 am next Monday. Best of luck!M: Oh, thanks... I’ll get there on time.1 Why does the woman call the man?2 What information will be asked in the first part of the interview?3 What specifics will the man be asked in the interview?4 What do we learn about the man’s coming presentation according to the conversation?
2．
A．To tell him he has got the post of a manager.
B．To have a private conversation with him.
C．To inform him something about the interview.
D．To discuss the future of the company with him.
正确答案：C
解析：①动词不定式选项，多问动作的目的。②女士说：“你已经人选为你所申请职位的候选人。我想跟你谈一谈面试的程序”。故选C“通知男士面试的相关事宜”。
3．
A．The man’s professional background.
B．The man’s major successes till now.
C．The man’s view on the company.
D．The man’s questions about the job.
正确答案：A
解析：女士提到，面试包含三个部分，首先会问一些关于求职者自身以及其教育背景和专业背景的基本问题，然后进入细节问答部分，最后需要求职者做一个presentation。A“男士的专业背景”属于面试第一部分要问的信息，为答案。
4．
A．His educational background.
B．The reason why he quitted his previous job.
C．The turning point in his career.
D．Examples of problems he met with.
正确答案：D
解析：男士问道：“细节?那你们会问些什么问题?”女士回答说：“你遇到的问题是什么，又是怎么解决的；以及你认为自己职业生涯中最大的成功是什么。我们希望你都能给出具体的例子。”故选D“遇到难题的例子”。
5．
A．It has to be long and in detail.
B．It will be given in a formal style.
C．It will include his view on the company.
D．It will be given next Tuesday morning.
正确答案：C
解析：谈到presentation时，女士说：“我们希望你能给出一个简短的陈述——你如何看待Baumatic的发展，为此你将做出怎样的努力”。故选C“包括对公司的看法”。
听力原文：W: Good morning. I’m from the New York Book Review. Could I ask you some questions about your latest book? M: Sure. Take a seat... What would you like to know? W: First, I’ve heard that your latest book is based on a true story. M: That’s correct. It’s a murder mystery based on actual murders in Florida several years ago. The main character—the police investigator—is based on the man who investigated the case. W: How do you research your books? M: I always visit the places that I use as setting for stories. Readers like things to be as actually
correct as possible—even in fiction! I usually base my characters on people I have met. Most characters are a mixture of the characters of two or more people. W: I really like your books. I’ve just finished this one. I read it from cover to cover in a single day. Congratulations on making the bestseller list yet again! M: Thank you. Let me sign it for you. W: Oh! Thank you very much. I heard that you are currently writing a collection of short stories. What are the stories about? M: There’s a real mix of stories in the book. I haven’t finished all of them yet, though.[8]Many of them are short detective stories, but there are also horror stories and science fiction ones. If you give me your business card, I’ll make sure you get an advance copy to review. W: Thanks very much. I’m sure it will sell well. I can’t wait to read it. Here’s my card. Thank you for your time.5 What is the man’s latest book about?6 What does the man do to research his books?7 What’s the woman’s attitude to the books of the man?8 What do we know about the man’s collection of short stories?
6．
A．Romantic love.
B．Mystery murder.
C．Science fiction.
D．Ocean adventure.
正确答案：B
解析：问题询问男士最近的那本书是关于什么的。男士说这部小说写的是一个谋杀之谜，它基于几年前发生在佛罗里达州的真实谋杀案。故选B。
7．
A．Visit the stories’ setting places.
B．Look for all the details about the stories.
C．Have a further talk with persons involved.
D．Make some character analysis.
正确答案：A
解析：①各选项都是动宾短语，从而可以判定问的是某个动作。②女士询问男士为这本书做了什么调查研究，男士说他总是去访问作为故事背景的地方，故选A。
8．
A．Indifferent.
B．Suspicious.
C．Favorable.
D．Critical.
正确答案：C
解析：女士说：“我真的喜欢读你的书。我刚读完这本，从头读到尾只花了一天时间”。故选C。
9．
A．It has been finished.
B．It will be published this month.
C．It contains many detective stories.
D．It ranks the top of bestseller lists.
正确答案：C
解析：①从选项预测本题问的是某一本书的情况。②对话最后谈到了男士正在写的短篇故事集，男士说这本故事集里面有很多是侦探故事，故选C。
Section B
听力原文： Earthquakes may rightly be ranked as one of the most destructive forces known to man: since records began to be written down, it has been estimated that earthquake related fatalities have numbered in the millions, and that earthquake related destruction has been beyond calculation. The greater part of such damage and loss of life has been due to collapse of buildings and the effects of rockslides, floods, fire, disease, tsunamis, and other observable events resulting from earthquakes, rather than from the quakes themselves. The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic areas. One such area covers the Pacific Ocean and its bordering landmasses. The other extends from the East Indies to the Atlas Mountains, including the Himalayas, Iran, Turkey, and the Alpine regions. It is in these two great belts or zones that ninety percent of all earthquakes take place: they may, however, happen anywhere at any time. This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread and horror surrounding earthquakes, but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake forecast may be possible. By analyzing changes in animal behavior, patterns of movements in the earth’s shell, variations in the earth’s force of attraction, and the frequency with which minor earth shakes are observed, scientists have shown increasing success in expecting when and where earthquakes will strike. As a result, a worldwide earthquake warning network is already in operation and has helped to prepare for(and thus lessen)the vast destruction that might otherwise have been totally unexpected.9 What may cause the greater damage in earthquakes according to the speaker?10 According to the speaker, what is the unknown element that adds dread and horror to people?11 According to the speaker, what can we learn about the scientists?
10．
A．Delayed treatments.
B．The quakes themselves.
C．Lack of food and water.
D．Collapse of buildings.
正确答案：D
解析：原文讲述地震的重大损失主要是由于房屋的倒塌和其他一些因素，比如岩滑、洪水、大火、疾病和海啸等等，D就是其中之一，故为答案。
11．
A．Earthquakes may happen anywhere at anytime.
B．The precise place and time of an earthquake.
C．Whether the majority of people know about first aid.
D．Whether people live and work near earthquake belts.
正确答案：A
解析：短文提到“地震随时随地都可能发生”，之后提到this element of unknown，可知unknownelement指的就是上一句话。由此可知，A为答案。
12．
A．They have compared animal behaviors with humans.
B．They knew how to avoid earthquakes.
C．They tried many ways to decrease earthquakes.
D．They showed increasing success in predicting earthquakes.
正确答案：D
解析：短文末尾提到，通过一系列的观察，科学家们已经在预测地震发生的时间和地点方面有了更多的成功，D为原文的同义替换。
听力原文： It is a blow for the Ugly Bettys and Plain Janes—research shows that good looks lead to better pay. [12]A study of 4,000 young men and women found that beauty boosted pay cheques more than intelligence. Those judged to be the easiest on the eye earned up to 10 per cent more than their less attractive friends and colleagues. Applied to the average salary of ￡25,000, the “plainness penalty” would make a difference of ￡2,500 a year—or around ￡50 a week. It is unclear what is behind the phenomenon but it may be that beauty breeds confidence.[13]The self-assured may appear to be doing better
than they are and will have fewer worries about a pay rise. Researcher Jason Fletcher, of Yale University in the U.S., rated the attractiveness of the young men and women. Just over half were judged average, while 7 per cent were felt to be very attractive and 8 per cent were judged unattractive or very unattractive. The volunteers also sat an IQ test and disclosed their salary. It became clear that pay scales were far from fair. For instance, a 14-point increase on the IQ score was associated with a 3 to 6 per cent increase in wage. But being of above-average looks boosted pay by 5 to 10 per cent. For a plain person to be paid the same as a very attractive one, they would have to be 40 per cent brighter, the journal Economics Letters reports. Dr. Fletcher said, “The results do show that people’s looks have an impact on their wages and it can be very substantial!”12 What did the study of 4,000 young people seem to prove?13 According to the speaker, who appeared to be doing better?14 What did the researcher find from the IQ test and the salary of the volunteers?15 In what way can a plain person have the same salary as an attractive one?
13．
A．Young people tended to do what they like.
B．Companies preferred male workers to female.
C．Young men got better pay than young women.
D．Good looking people earned more than bright ones
正确答案：D
解析：短文提到一项研究调查了4000名青年男女，调查结果显示美貌比智慧赚得更多。D项的good looking people对应beauty，bright one对应intelligence，为答案。
14．
A．The self-assured ones.
B．The high-income ones.
C．The average ones.
D．The popular ones.
正确答案：A
解析：短文提到自信的人可能看起来比他们本身表现更出色一点，而且对加薪的忧虑也少点，A项符合。
15．
A．Brighter people got better pay.
B．Pay scales were not fair at all.
C．Males were brighter than females.
D．Pays depended on one’s age.
正确答案：B
解析：志愿者们做了IQ测试，说了各自的薪水后发现薪酬级别非常不公平。B为正确答案。
16．
A．He has to be 40 per cent smarter.
B．He has to work for longer time.
C．He needs to have a better education.
D．He should have something special.
正确答案：A
解析：短文后面提到，如果长相普通的人要获得跟长相好的人一样的报酬的话，必须比他们聪明40％，A项正确。
Section C
听力原文：M: At every stage of our lives we make decisions that will profoundly influence the lives of the people we’re going to become, and then when we become those people, we’re not always thrilled with the decisions we made.W: So young people pay good money to get tattoos removed that teenagers paid good money to get. Mid-die-aged people rushed to divorce people who young adults rushed to marry. Older adults work hard to lose what middle-aged adults worked hard to gain. On and on and on. The question is, why do we make decisions that our future selves so often regret?M: I think one of the reasons—I’ll try to convince you today—is that we have a fundamental misconception about the power of time. Every one of you knows that the rate of change slows over the human lifespan, that your children seem to change by the minute but your parents seem to change by the year.W: But what is the name of this magical point in life where change suddenly goes from a gallop to a crawl? Is it teenage years? Is it middle age? Is it old age?M: The answer, it turns out, for most people, is now, wherever now happens to be. What I want to convince you today is that all of us are walking around with an illusion, an illusion that history, our personal history, has just come to an end, that we have just recently become the people that we were always meant to be and will be for the rest of our lives. Let me give you some data to back up that claim. So here’s a study of change in people’s personal values over time. Here are three values— pleasure, success and honesty. Everybody here holds all of them, but you probably know that as you grow, as you age, the balance of these values shifts.W: So how does it do so?M: Well, we asked thousands of people. We asked half of them to predict for us how much their values would change in the next 10 years, and the. others to tell us how much their values had changed in the last 10 years. And this enabled us to do a really
interesting kind of analysis, because it allowed us to compare the predictions of people, say, 18 years old, to the reports of people who were 28, and to do that kind of analysis throughout the lifespan.16 How do we feel about the decisions made at every stage of our lives?17 What accounts for people’s regret about their decisions according to the man?18 What do we learn about the three values mentioned by the man?
17．
A．We tend to be satisfied after a second thought.
B．We are not always thrilled with them afterwards.
C．We always regret the hasty ones we made.
D．We are mostly happy with whom we’ve become.
正确答案：B
解析：①选项都与我们对某事的感受有关。②录音开头，男士提到，我们在人生的每个阶段所做的决定都将对我们将来的人生有深刻的影响，但是，当我们变成自己想成为的人后，我们并不总是对之前的决定感到兴奋，B为该处录音的同义概括，故为正确答案。
18．
A．Their misconception about the power of time.
B．Their ignorance about the rate of change in life.
C．Their fantasy that the youth change more slowly.
D．Their belief that adults change faster than babies.
正确答案：A
解析：①选项与我们对时间的感觉和变化有关。②男士认为导致我们经常为之前所做的决定后悔的其中一个原因是我们对时间的力量的错误理解，故A正确。
19．
A．They are of the same importance all through one’s life.
B．They will not change at least in the next 10 years.
C．The balance of them will shift as time goes by.
D．They change more in teenage years than in elder years.
正确答案：C
解析：①选项与某些事物的重要性及变化规律有关。②录音最后男士提到一项研究，该研究指出，每个人都有3个价值观，对这些价值观的重要性的权衡会随着你年龄的增长而变化，C与此相符，为正确答案。
听力原文： Grocery has so far resisted the rise of online shopping. That may be about to change. “There is a huge difference between being late and being too late,” said Dalton Philips, the boss of Morrisons, on November 21st, as he announced the launch of the British grocer’s online-shopping service. Morrisons’ change of heart will be noticed beyond Britain. Grocery is the biggest category in retailing but the most resistant to the advance of online shopping. Grocers have held back for good reasons. Like many physical-store merchants they are worried that online commerce will reduce sales in stores but not the costs associated with them. Grocery, with its tiny profit margins, adds complications. Virtual shopping-carts contain dozens of low-value items, which must be stored at different temperatures. Retailers can either get in-store staff to pick them off the shelves, which becomes disruptive as volumes rise, or build dedicated warehouses, which is costly. So are home deliveries: even in thickly settled Britain each one costs grocers around ￡10, but shoppers typically pay little more than ￡3. Consumers are also cautious. Many want to examine fresh produce before they buy it. “They don’t want to buy again when online grocers deliver substitutions instead of what they ordered. Many shoppers try grocery websites but get discouraged,” says David Shukri of the Institute of Grocery Distribution in London. However, Tesco claims its online operation, with nearly half the British market, is profitable. Peapod, the biggest American online grocer, has shown a flair for innovation: Peapod’s customers can buy by scanning images of products on delivery lorries and coffee cups with their mobile phones. Lazy Manhattan residents have been ordering Thanksgiving feasts from FreshDirect, the second-largest online grocer, which is partly owned by Morrisons. Both ventures prosper because they cater to well-off families, largely in cities. Amazon began
fresh-food deliveries in Seattle a few years ago and in Los Angeles last year. It is expected to add maybe 20 cities abroad. Traditional grocery chains will respond. “They are determined not to repeat the mistakes other sorts of retailers made at the turn of the century, when they were too afraid of Amazon,” says Robert Hetu of Gartner, a technology-research firm. Walmart Labs in Silicon Valley has imported many of the people who developed the online-grocery business at its British subsidiary. On November 25th Walmart said that its new chief executive would be Doug McMillon, who as head of the international operation is responsible for its British subsidiary. He may speed Walmart’s halting American effort. If a big American retailer plunges in, others will take it seriously and the market will expand rapidly, says Mr. Biggs.19 What is the grocery’s attitude to online shopping?20 What is consumers’ attitude to online grocery shopping?21 What do we know about Tesco?22 How do the traditional grocery chains respond to online shopping?
20．
A．It will still resist online service for some time.
B．It’s eager to launch online service soon.
C．It might not resist online service anymore.
D．It’s still hesitant about offering online service.
正确答案：C
解析：①从选项中的online service、resist、eager、hesitant等关键词来看，此题可能问针对网络服务的态度。②录音开头提到食品杂货店到目前为止一直抵制提供网购服务的态度可能将会改变，这说明他们可能不再抵制提供网购服务，故C正确。
21．
A．They are eager to try grocery websites.
B．They are very cautious about trying it.
C．They resist buying fresh produce online.
D．They find it convenient and satisfactory.
正确答案：B
解析：录音提到食品杂货店不太愿意提供网购服务的原因。同时也提到了顾客对网购的顾虑，B与录音所说的Consumers are also cautious意思一致，为正确答案。
22．
A．It is the biggest American online grocer.
B．It can make a profit from its online operation.
C．Its customers are mainly from Manhattan.
D．It will do some innovation on online service.
正确答案：B
解析：录音提到食品杂货店提供网购服务能盈利的第一实例就是Tesco，它的网络服务覆盖了近半个英国市场，它也宣称它从中获得了盈利，故B正确。
23．
A．They are too afraid of Amazon to offer online-grocery service.
B．They won’t take Walmart’s online-grocery business seriously.
C．They are afraid the online shopping market will expand.
D．They decide not to repeat the mistakes others have made.
正确答案：D
解析：录音提到传统杂货店也将准备提供网购服务，他们将不再重蹈世纪之交其他类型零售商的覆辙，不犯同样的错误，D为该处录音内容的同义表达，为正确答案。
听力原文： We’re going to go on a dive to the deep sea, and anyone that’s had that lovely opportunity knows that for about two and half hours on the
way down, it’s a perfectly positively black world. And we used to see the most mysterious animals out the window that you couldn’t describe: these blinking lights—a world of lighting animals, like fireflies. Dr. Edith Widder—she’s now at the Ocean Research and Conservation Association—was able to come up with a camera that could capture some of these incredible animals. That’s the light produced by animals. So, like I said: just like fireflies. There’s a flying turkey under a tree. I’m a geologist by training. But I love that. And you see, some of the light they use to avoid being eaten, some they use to attract prey, but all of it, from an artistic point of view, is positively amazing. And a lot of what goes on inside. There’s a fish with glowing eyes. Just absolutely amazing. That’s the unknown world, and today we’ve only explored about 3 percent of what’s out there in the ocean. Already we’ve found the world’s highest mountains, the world’s deepest valleys, underwater lakes, and underwater waterfalls—a lot of that we shared with you from the stage. And in a place where we thought no life at all, we find more life, we think, and diversity and density than the tropical rainforest, which tells us that we don’t know much about this planet at all. There’s still 97 percent, and either that 97 percent is empty or just full of surprises. But I want to jump up to shallow water now and look at some creatures that are positively amazing. This is an octopus—this is the work of Dr. Roger Hanlon at the Marine Biological Lab—and it’s just fascinating how head-foot animals can, with their incredible eyes, sense their surroundings, look at light, look at patterns. Here’s an octopus moving across the reef, finds a spot to settle down, curls up and then disappears into the background.23 What can we find in the deep sea according to the speaker?24 What is the function of the light produced by animals in the deep sea?25 Why does the speaker mention an octopus in the end?
24．
A．Nothing but the darkness.
B．Fireflies blinking everywhere.
C．A world of lighting animals.
D．Wreckage of ancient ships.
正确答案：C
解析：录音开头演讲者提到深海中虽一片漆黑，我们却可能在那里找到最神秘的动物——大量会发光的动物，C为录音原词复现，为正确答案。
25．
A．To protect themselves or attract prey.
B．To make the deep sea bright and beautiful.
C．To find their ways in darkness.
D．To attract mates and warn enemies.
正确答案：A
解析：①选项都是不定式短语，推测本题可能问目的、用途或打算。②录音提到有些动物发出的光是用来避免被其他动物吃掉，而有些则用来吸引猎物，A是这两点的同义概述，故为正确答案。
26．
A．To explain its specialty and function.
B．To show shallow-water animals are also amazing.
C．To explain how animals adapt to surroundings.
D．To call on people to protect sea animals.
正确答案：B
解析：①选项均为不定式短语，推测本题可能问目的、用途或打算。②演讲者介绍完深海发光动物后，以Octopus(章鱼)为例，希望大家知道浅海生物也同样令人惊叹，故B正确。
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section A
The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, but this is largely because, unlike
animals, we stand upright This means that our noses are【C1】______to perceiving those smells which float through the air, missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, though, we are【C2】______sensitive to smells, even if we do not generally realize it Our noses are capable of【C3】______human smells even when these are diluted to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, whereas others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate【C4】______smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send【C5】______to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when【C6】______to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it【C7】______to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary. This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we【C8】______do not need to be. We are not【C9】______of the usual smell of our own house, but we notice new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and【C10】______signals such as the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.A)simply E)permanently I)dedicated M)distinguishingB)emergency F)limited J)exposed N)particularC)aware G)sure K)impulses O)extremelyD)detecting H)inefficient L)messages
27． 【C1】
正确答案：F
解析：根据空格前的系动词are，可知这里应填入名词、形容词或分词。上文提到人类嗅觉不灵敏是由于人类直立行走，本句进一步解释说明这种现象导致的结果，即人直立行走，所以人的鼻子只能感知通过空气流通而散发的气味。词库中limited、dedicated和exposed在语法上都可行，但只有limited在意思上符合句意，表明人类鼻子的“局限性”。
28． 【C2】
正确答案：O
解析：从句子结构来看，这里不缺少主要成分，可以判断此空应填入副词修饰sensitive。上句说人类嗅觉不灵敏，空格前的though表转折，提示事实上并非如此。extremely代入句中表示“我们的嗅觉是十分灵敏的”，符合句意。
29． 【C3】
正确答案：D
解析：空格前的of是介词，其后应该填入动名词与后面的human smells构成动宾搭配，即“我们的鼻子可以——人类的气味”。本段讨论的是人类鼻子对气味的敏感度，上文出现了sensitive to smells，故推测此处应该填表示“闻到或察觉”之类的词语。detecting强调察觉不易察觉的事物，符合句意。M项distinguishing常指通过视觉或听觉来识别事物，不能与smells搭配。
30． 【C4】
正确答案：N
解析：这里缺少修饰smell receptors的词，可以是形容词、名词或分词。空格所在句是对该段第一句提出的奇特现象作出解释，原因在于缺少某种基因，所以不能在鼻子中产生某些气味的感受器。particular意为“特定的”，代入句中指“特定气味的感受器”。
31． 【C5】
正确答案：L
解析：空格所在句是which引导的定语从句，填入的词作send的宾语。messages指“信息”，这里指感受器把信息传给大脑．符合句子逻辑。impulses多表示人的冲动或兴奋，用在此处不合适。
32． 【C6】
正确答案：J
解析：本题所在句子是一个由when引导的条件句的省略形式(省略了they are)，阐释了“使对某种气味不敏感的人突然变敏感”的条件，空格处应填入动词的分词形式，且能与to搭配。词库中符合语法的有limited和exposed。exposed放入句中指“当人们经常接触这种气味时，就会突然对它变得敏感”，符合逻辑。而limited代入后逻辑不对。
33． 【C7】
正确答案：H
解析：这里是“主语+find+it+a．+不定式”的句式，故空格应填入形容词。that从
句解释了“对气味不敏感”的原因。词库中只有inefficient符合句意，表明“对气味不敏感的原因是：大脑发现让所有的气味感受器一直处于运转状态效率太低”。
34． 【C8】
正确答案：A
解析：空格所在句主谓宾成分齐全，由此判断空格处应填入副词。simply“只不过”放入句中合适，表示“这只是因为我们不需要”。permanently和extremely在语义上说不通。
35． 【C9】
正确答案：C
解析：空格介于系动词are和介词of之间，推测为固定搭配。能符合此搭配的词有aware和sure。be aware of意为“意识到”，代入句中表示“我们意识不到我们自己的房子通常的气味”，句意通顺。而sure代入句中则表示“对自己房间的熟悉气味没有把握”，不符合逻辑。
36． 【C10】
正确答案：B
解析：这里填入的词与unfamiliar共同修饰signals，可以是名词，也可以是形容词或分词。从such as后面的例子来看，smell of smoke是火险的信号，可判断这是紧急情
况，故选emergency。
Section B
Are Teenagers Really Careless About Online Privacy?[A]They share, like, everything. How they feel about a song, their maths homework, life(it sucks). Where they’ll be next: who they’re with now. Photos, of themselves and others, doing stuff they quite probably shouldn’t be. They’re the digital natives, fresh-minted citizens of a humming online world. They’ve grown up—are still growing up—with texting, Facebook, line, Snapchat. They’re the young, and they couldn’t care less about privacy. At least, that’s the assumption. But amid a rash of revelations about government surveillance(监视), it seems it’s wrong. Young people do care, a lot, about privacy—just not the kind of privacy that exercises their parents.[B]True, young people post information about themselves online that horrifies their elders. There remains “a basic lack of awareness” about “the potential longer-term impact of information leaks”, says Andy Phippen, professor of social responsibility in information technology at Plymouth University. “Many younger people just don’t think in terms of their future employability, of identity theft, of legal problems if they’re being provocative. Not to mention straightforward reputational issues.”(Paris Brown, Phippen adds, “clearly never thought what she tweeted when she was 14” might one day stop her being Britain’s first youth police commissioner.)[C]Far more should be done in schools to teach children to be more concerned about the future impact of their online profile and reputation, Phippen argues. But: the fact that they make mistakes does not mean they don’t care about privacy. In fact, a report in May by the Pew
Internet and the American Life Project found teenagers cared enough about online security for 60% to set their Facebook profiles to “private” and to judge privacy settings “not difficult at all” to manage. A similar number said they routinely delete past posts, block people, and post comments only particular viewers—typically, close friends—would understand “You have to think about what privacy means,” says Danah Boyd, a leading youth and social media researcher. “What matters to them is social privacy: it’s about how to control a social situation, which is something very different from controlling information.”[D]The Pew report found that only 9% of teens were “very” concerned about third parties like companies or government agencies accessing their personal information—compared with nearly half of their parents. Most young people have precious little idea of how much data social networking sites are collecting on them—but they tend, on the whole, to be quite relaxed about the idea, particularly if it comes as a trade-off for free use of the service.[E]Teens, Boyd says, tend to be concerned not by unknown third parties accessing data about them, but by “things that might be seen by the people who have power over them: parents, teachers, college admissions officers. The concern is more about your mother looking at your Facebook profile than government agencies or advertisers using data you’ve shared.”[F]Young people are concerned, in other words, about getting into trouble. But that concern is every bit as real. So teens now manage their online security with “a whole set of strategies”, says Boyd. Many don’t tell the truth online: according to the Pew Internet study, 26% of teen social media users say they post fake information like a false name, age or location. Others are more subtle. Boyd uses the term “social steganography(隐写术)” to describe the practice of more than 50% of young people who use in-jokes and obscure
references to effectively encode what they post.[G]Nonetheless, says Mary Madden, co-author of the Pew Internet report, all the signs are young people today are increasingly “practising good judgment. They’ll say, ‘I use a filter in my brain’: they do a lot of profile pruning(剪切), deleting and editing content, deleting tags. There’s a new awareness.” This generation has, after all, “grown up, learned to function in a world of social surveillance”, says Madden. “Far from being privacy-indifferent, they are mindful of what they post. They have a sense that adults are watching.”[H]That sentiment may in part explain the recent popularity of new social networking services like Insta-gram and Snapchat, says Madden: “Some feel the burden of the public nature of social networking. They’re creating smaller groups with these new services.”[I]Snapchat in particular appeals because it allows users to send annotated pictures, videos and messages to a controlled list of friends—and, crucially, to set a time limit for how long they can be viewed before they disappear and are deleted. Overall, confirms Madden, “We’re seeing a pattern that runs counter to the assumption that there’s this sea of young people who just don’t care about privacy. It’s not borne out by the data. And in some cases, they actually have stronger opinions than some adults.” [J]That certainly seems to be the picture emerging from two polls conducted earlier this year by the Pew Research Centre for the People and the Press with the Washington Post and USA Today, in the wake of Edward Snowden’s revelations about broad surveillance by state security services. In the first of these polls, on 10 June, younger respondents proved much more likely than older to put personal privacy above an anti-terrorism probe: 45% of 18-to-29-year-olds said personal privacy was more important, even if protecting it limited the ability to investigate terrorist threats—compared with 35% in the
30-to-49 age range, and 27% of the over-50s.[K]The second poll, on 17 June, asked whether Snowden’s leaks of classified information about the NSA’s phone and email surveillance programmes was in the public interest. It found that people under 30 were the only age group in which “a clear majority”—60%—felt the revelations served the public interest. Older age groups were either divided, or thought the disclosures harmed the public interest. Similarly, 13-to-29 year-olds were less likely to feel Snowden should be prosecuted: fully 50% felt he should not be, against 44% who thought he should. That compares with 63% of over-50s who wanted see the whistleblower(告密者)pursued.[L]Carroll Doherty, co-author of the second report, said previous surveys showed also that younger people —perhaps because they came of age after the 9/11 attacks—were generally less anxious about the risk of terrorism, and less likely to be concerned about the rise of Islamic extremism. Even after the Boston attacks earlier this year “made young people more aware of threat”, Doherty says, recent polling shows they still remain “less likely to link Islam to terrorism, and less likely to say that government should investigate threats at a cost of personal privacy”. There is “quite a consistent pattern here”, he says: “Young people tend to take a more liberal approach to issues around security and terrorism.”[M]So should the older generation worry? Stanley of the ACLU thinks not. Many people, advertisers included, are all too happy to create the impression that young people don’t care about “silly old privacy concerns”, he blogged. Many privacy invasions, too, “are silent and invisible, and only a minority of people will know and care about them. But where people are aware of their loss of control over how they are seen by others, people of all ages will always assert their need for privacy in the strongest way.”
37． When people realize they lose control over their impressions in others’ eyes, they will state firmly their need for privacy.
正确答案：M
解析：根据lose control over和need for privacy锁定M段。该段最后一句提到，当人们意识到他们不能左右别人如何看待自己时，各年龄段的人都会以最强有力的方式坚称自己需要隐私。题目中的realize与原文are aware of对应，their impressions in others’eyes与原文how they are seen by others对应，state firmly与assert．．．in the strongest way对应。本题句子是M段最后一句的同义转述。
38． A report indicated that about sixty percent of teenagers found it very easy to manage Facebook privacy settings.
正确答案：C
解析：根据Facebook锁定A、C、E段，再结合sixty percent确定C段。该段第3句提到，5月份的一个报告发现青少年对其在线安全足够重视，因为60％的青少年会把Facebook的个人资料设定为隐私，并且认为隐私设置“一点都不难”管理。文中的not difficult at all与题目中very easy对应，其他信息点均一致。
39． In the poll about Snowden’s leaks, a majority of people over 50 years old wanted to see Snowden caught.
正确答案：K
解析：根据Snowden锁定J段和K段。本题句子主要讨论是否捕获斯诺登，而J段主要讨论个人隐私问题，故将定位范围缩小到K段。K段最后一句提到，50岁以上的人中有63％希望看到告密者(也就是斯诺登)被捕。题目中的majority与原文63%对应，caught与原文pursued对应。
40． Teens tend to worry about their parents accessing their information online more than they do about third parties.
正确答案：E
解析：根据parents、accessing和third parties定位到E段。该段第1句提到Boyd的观点，他认为青年人不担心第三方获取自己的数据，却担心父母、老师、大学招生人员等对其有控制权的人看到他们的信息。本题句子信息与此一致。
41． A university professor thinks posting too much personal information online may affect the young people’s future job-seeking or online security.
正确答案：B
解析：根据题目中university professor和future job-seeking定位至B段。该段开头说，年轻人在网上发布的个人信息让老一辈人感到惊慌。接着引用普利茅斯大学Andy Phippen教授的观点，他认为年轻人没有意识到信息泄露的长期潜在影响，许多年轻人没有考虑到自己将来就业、身份盗用等问题。题目中的future job-seeking对应文中future employability，online security与文中identity theft对应，本题句子概括了该段第2、3句的主要意思。
42． Some new networking services grow in popularity because they allow users to create smaller groups.
正确答案：H
解析：根据题目中的networking services和smaller groups锁定H段。该段开头提到，这种意识(指上文提到的“感到成年人在监控他们”)部分解释了为什么Instagram和Snapchat这些新型社交服务会受到欢迎。一些年轻人感受到社交网络的公众性带来的压力，所以通过这些新的社交服务来创建更小的群组。本题概括了H段的大意。
43． The Pew report found that most young people have almost no idea about the amount of information collected by social networking sites about them.
正确答案：D
解析：根据Pew report和social networking sites锁定D段。该段最后一句讲到大多数年轻人都不清楚社交网站收集到了多少有关他们的数据。题目中的the amount of information与文中how much data对应，almost no idea对应原文precious little idea。
44． It is said that the teens adopt some strategies like providing false information or encoding what they want to say to ensure online security.
正确答案：F
解析：根据strategies、false information和encoding定位到F段。该段提到年轻
人也怕惹麻烦，所以会使用“一整套策略”来保证网上安全，他们不会在网上提供真实信息，或者提供更为隐蔽的信息。如通过玩笑、模糊所指对信息进行编码。本题句子信息与此一致，题目中providing false information与原文don’t tell the truth对应，ensure online security对应原文manage online security。
45． A poll conducted after Snowden’s leaks proved that younger people valued personal privacy more than anti-terrorism investigation.
正确答案：J
解析：根据题目中的Snowden和anti-terrorism锁定J段。该段第2句提到6月10日的调查显示，受访者中，年轻人比年长者更倾向于认为个人隐私比反恐调查更重要。题目中的value．．．more than与原文put．．．above对应。
46． A leading youth and social media researcher thinks what privacy means to teenagers today is different from information control.
正确答案：C
解析：根据youth and social media researcher定位到C段。该段最后两句提到Boyd的观点。他认为，对年轻人而言，重要的是社会隐私，关乎的是控制一个社会场景，这与控制信息不同。本题句子是C段最后两句的概括。
Section C
I’ve always been an optimist and I suppose that is rooted in my belief that
the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place. For as long as I can remember, I’ve loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was an old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today. But it changed my life. Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world’s knowledge. They’re helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are. Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing to work.” My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me “tap-dance to work” is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime’s worth of photos, and they say, “I didn’t know you could do that with a PC!” But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world. I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than the death of a child anywhere else. And that it doesn’t take much to make an immense difference in these children’s lives. I’m still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world’s toughest problems is possible—and it’s happening every day. We’re seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in
the developing world. I’m excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we’re going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.
47． What does the author think about his first computer?
A．It was old but inspirational.
B．It was curious but beautiful.
C．It was the most practical tool he had ever used.
D．It was the source of his knowledge and power.
正确答案：A
解析：该段首句和第3句表明那台老式的电脑激起了作者学习新东西的兴趣，并因此改变了其一生，由此可见，用inspirational形容这台电脑对作者的影响是很恰当的，因此A为本题答案。
48． By calling it “tap-dancing to work”, the author thinks his job is ______.
A．a great challenge to brain power
B．significant in the development of technology
C．enjoyable in spite of any possible hardships
D．a window through which people are shown a new world
正确答案：C
解析：从第4段开头两句可知巴菲特认为做自己喜欢的工作就是tap-dancing to work,可见作者的工作应该是自己喜欢的，也就是enjoyable的，才能算是tap dancing to work，因此本题应选C。
49． According to the author, a PC is______.
A．a luxury that only a few people are able to possess
B．a tool to enhance our creativity and intelligence
C．a necessity for life that we can’t do without
D．a way to make the world a better place
正确答案：D
解析：第5段首句表明电脑是改善世界的其中一个方式，可见本题应选D。
50． How does the author most probably look at the African children?
A．Much effort has to be made to change their life.
B．He takes it his responsibility to change their life.
C．Their sufferings deserve more worldwide concern.
D．Their sufferings are resulted from shortage of fund.
正确答案：B
解析：在该段首句，作者指出自己有回馈社会的责任，接下来，他以对非洲孩子的生活的看法作为例子表明自己回馈社会的方式，即他认为帮助别人(包括非洲孩子)是他的责任，由此可见，本题应选B。
51． By this passage, the author mainly wants to highlight______.
A．the magic power of computers
B．the importance of an optimistic outlook
C．the power of creativity and intelligence
D．the influence of technological development
正确答案：C
解析：本题实际上考查文章的主题。作者在首段就指出了他深信的一个观点：创造力和智慧的力量可以让世界变得更美好。然后，他以电脑激发自己的创造力和智慧从而改变一生为例说明以上观点。在最后几段中，作者表明只要依靠创造力和智慧，所有科技、医学等方面的难题都会得以解决，由此可见，本文强调的是“创造力和智慧”的作用，因此本题答案为C。
The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive. Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results. Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising. General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. “Nova” is Latin for “new(star)” and means “star” in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like “no va”, meaning “it doesn’t go”. Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales picked up dramatically. Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. One American food company’s friendly “Jolly Green Giant”(for advertising vegetables)became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”. When translated into German, Pepsi’s popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi” came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave”. No wonder customers in Germany didn’t rush out to buy Pepsi. Even a company with an excellent international track record like Kentucky Fried Chicken is not immune to the perils of faulty translation. Many sales were lost when the catch phrase “finger
licking food” became “eat with your fingers off” in Chinese translation. A manufacturer of one laundry detergent also made an expensive mistake in the Middle East. Its advertisements showed a picture of a pile of dirty clothes on the left, a box of the company’s detergent in the middle, and clean clothes on the right. Unfortunately, the message was incorrectly interpreted because most people looked at it from right to left, the way Arabic is read. Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translation and more sensitive to cultural distinctions. The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called “back translation” to reduce the possibility of blunders. The process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the Original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.
52． It can be inferred that Chevrolet Nova______.
A．was originally aimed at the market of Latin countries
B．suffered a severe sales slide in the Spanish market
C．did not have as good performance as Caribe
D．was popular outside the Spanish market
正确答案：B
解析：第2段首句中的costly表明GM遭受了巨大的经济损失，第2、3句说明了其原因：Nova在西班牙语中具有贬义，导致销售下降。由此可见，B为正确的推断。
53． The phrase “the catch phrase”(Line 2, Para. 5)has the closest meaning to ______.
A．the promotion slogan
B．the marketing strategy
C．the secret recipe
D．the pleasant taste
正确答案：A
解析：本文讨论的是文化差异造成的翻译失误，从文中所举的例子可以知道，原文第4段和第5段讲的都是跨国公司的广告口号的翻译，另外，原文catch phrase后的finger licking food只是一个广告语，因此A是最贴切的理解。
54． According to the passage, why did the laundry detergent ad fail in the Middle East?
A．Because the advertiser is unaware of the Arabians’ need for detergent.
B．Because the advertisement is offensive to the Arabic religious belief.
C．Because the advertiser is ignorant of the reading habit of the Arabs.
D．Because the advertisement is mistakenly translated by the Arabs.
正确答案：C
解析：第6段末句明确表明阿拉伯人的阅读习惯是从右至左的，这与大多数国家的阅读习惯相反，由此可见，C为本题答案。
55． Which of the following does the author most probably agree about the translation mistakes?
A．Many international companies make translation mistakes in advertising.
B．Translation mistakes have the worst impact on a company’s marketing.
C．Translation mistakes are made due to the translators’ ignorance of cultural distinctions.
D．Word-for-word translation should be abandoned in order to avoid translation mistakes.
正确答案：C
解析：从全文举的例子来看，作者想要说明广告翻译要注重文化差异。另外，在末段的结论部分，首句提到现在广告公司对文化差异更敏感了，这就暗示作者认为以前广告公司不注意文化差异而造成了翻译的失误，由此可见，C为本题答案。
56． What is the best title for this article?
A．Cultural Importance in Advertising.
B．International Companies’ Translation Mistakes.
C．Avoidance of Culture Oversights in Advertising.
D．Prevention of Translation Blunders.
正确答案：A
解析：全文举出多个广告翻译失败的案例，目的都是为了证明文化因素在广告翻译中的重要性，A指出了这个主题。
Part Ⅳ Translation
57． 客家(the Hakka)民居“福建土楼”主要分布在中国福建西南山区。独特的设计、蔚为壮观的结构及防潮抗震的特点使土楼不同于世界上任何其他居住建筑。客家人原来居住在中原，几百年前为躲避战乱才迁移到福建、广东和广西的。迁移到当地后，由于文化习俗上的差异，客家人与当地人经常产生冲突。为了保护家族，他们建造了土楼，这些土楼最多能容纳千户人家。2008年，共有46处福建土楼被列入世界文化遗产名录(the
World Heritage Site List)。
正确答案： Fujian Tulou, a type of civilian residence of the Hakka, is mainly distributed in the mountainous areas in southwestern Fujian, China Its unique design and magnificent structure as well as its anti-humidity and anti-earthquake nature have made it different from any other residential buildings in the world. The Hakka people used to live in central China before they migrated to provinces of Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi to avoid wars several hundred years ago. Upon their arrival, they found themselves in constant conflicts with the local people due to differences in cultures and customs. To protect their clan, they built these earthen structures, which could accommodate as many as a thousand of families. In 2008, a total of 46 Fujian Tulou sites were included in the World Heritage Site List.
解析：1．本段介绍性文字涉及对现在和过去情况的介绍，主要包含一般现在时和过去时两种时态。2．第1句中“福建土楼”是主语，其修饰语“客家民居”处理为插入语更符合英语的表达习惯。3．第2句中适当补充物主代词its，以符合英语常用代词的特点。“防潮”和“抗震”都可以通过前缀anti-来表达。本句还可译为it is distinguished from any other．．．by its unique design….4．第3句“客家人原来居住在……广西的”可用before一词连接前后两个分句，使句子更加紧凑，清楚表明了动作发生的先后顺序。5．倒数第2句中重复出现“土楼”，可考虑将“(这些土楼)最多能容纳千户人家”处理为定语从句which could accommodate as many as a thousand of families，使表达更加简洁。
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