1. If the two sounds are in complementary distribution, they are _____ of the same phoneme.
A. symbols B. allophone C. phones D. signs
2. When a speech sounds changes and becomes more like another sound which follows or proceeds it, it is said to be _____.
A. nasalized B. assimilated C. aspirated D. voiced 3. A minimal pair can be illustrated by _____.
A. sip/sheep B. bread/breast C. same /shame D. breath/breathe 4. If two speech sounds are in constructive distribution, they_____.
represent two phonemes B. are allophones of the same phonetic features
have exactly the same phonetic features D. do not appear in the same environment 5. Minimal pair can be exemplified by_____.
A. moon/noon B. food/foot C. she/sheet D. sea /see
Part I. Indicate the following statements true or false.
1. Of the two media of language, speech is more basic than writing.
2. The unlimited range of sounds which are meaningful in human communication and of interest to linguistic studies are the phonic medium of language. 3. Phonetics studies the phonic medium of a certain language.
4. Only highly trained phoneticians can produce the same speech sounds. 5. The vowel [e] can be described as front, semi-open and unrounded.
6. The long vowels are all tense vowels and the short vowels are all lax vowels.
7. Phonology aims to discover how speech sounds in all human languages form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.
Part two: The Speech of Language
8. Phoneticians found that a dark [l] often occurs all the end of a word after a vowel or before a consonant and a clear [l] often occurs after a consonant. 9. In English , pill and bill are a minimal pair, and so are pill and till, pin and ping.
10. The phoneme /p/ and /b/ can occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, therefore they’re in phonetic complementary distribution. 11. The sequential rules in English can apply to all the other languages. For example, the velar nasal [ng] never occurs in initial position in English nor in Chinese.
12. Nasalization is not a phonological feature in English, that is, it does not distinguish meaning.
Part II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word.
1. The natural or primary medium of human language is ______ for some obvious reasons.
2. ____ and _____ are the two media by natural languages as vehicles for communication.
3. Phonetics looks at sounds from _____ distinct, but related point of view.
4. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established and until recently the most highly developed is ______.
5. ______ phoneticians try to describe the physical properties of the stream of sounds which a speaker issues.
6. _____ is made up of continuous bursts of sounds.
7. The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important cavities. They are _____ _____ ______.
8. The first point where sound modification may occur is _______. 9. Vowels may be distinguished as _____ _____ _______.
10. If, in making a vowel sound, the organs of speech remain in one position without moving to another, the result is a _____. If the organs of speech start in the position for one vowel and then immediately glide to the position of another , the result is a _________.
11. All English sound except [m], [n], [ng] are made with the palate ______. 12. IPA indicates ________ ________ and ________.
13. An initial classification will divide the speech sounds into two broad categories: ______ and ________.
14. The basic unit in phonology is __________.
15. Conventionally, a phoneme is put in _____ while phones are put in _________. 16. An aspirated p ; an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are ________ of the P____________.
17. The allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in ______ distribution. 18. In English, there are two kinds of stress. They are _____ and ________. 19. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence
rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as ________.
20. English has 4 basic types of intonations , they are ______, _____ , _____ and _______.
Part III. Decide which one would be the best answer to the questions or best complete the sentence.
1.The principal sources of the modifications of the air stream is ______. A. tongue B. palate C. teeth D. velum
2. The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and the end of the _______.
A. tongue B. hard palate C. soft palate D. vocal cords
3. A sound produced when the vocal cords are drawn wide apart, letting air go through without causing vibration is said to be ________. A. resonant B. voiceless C. voiced D. vowel
4. The obstruction created between the tip of the tongue and the alveolar ridge results in the sound _______.
A.[t] and [d] B. [k] and [g] C. [p] and [b] D. [θ] and [th]
5. ____ are sounds articulated by the back of the tongue against the soft palate. A. palatals B. dentals C. alveolar D. velars
6. The sounds [sh], [j] are the results of raising the front of the tongue towards the ______.
A. hard palate B. soft palate C. uvula D. velar
7. When the obstruction, complete at first, is released slowly with the friction resulting from partial obstruction , the sounds thus produced are ______ A. affricates B. fricatives C. liquids D. alveolar
8. In the case of vowel sounds, the ______ and the mouth cavities are changed by the shape and position of the tongue and lips. A. nose B. larynx C. pharynx D. uvular 9. The phoneme is an abstract ____ unit.
A. phonic B. phonological C. phonetic D. grammatical 10. The sound k and g are separate ______ .
A. allophones B. phonemes C. morphemes D. allomorphs. 11. In linguistics, ____ is focused on.
A.acoustic phonetics B. articulatory phonetics C. auditory phonetics D. non of the above
12. Vowels are distinguished from consonants by_____.
A. absence B. presence C. modification D. both A and B 13. Consonants are described in term of _____. A. place of articulation B. manner of articulation voicing D. all of the above
14.Diphthongs are characterized by_____
A. gliding B. voicing C. aspirating D. stress 15. A phoneme is a _____ unit . It is _______. phonetic , abstract B. phonological, concrete phonetic, concrete D phonological abstract 16. _____ form a minimal pair.
A. bet/belt B. beat/bet C. beat/feet D. both B and C
17.The feature that distinguishes “a greenhouse ” and “a green house” is _______. A. tone B. stress C. intonation D. aspiration
18. Phonology is concerned with the sound system of language , it studies the ____ of the speech sounds. A. importance B. functioning C. necessity D. aspects
19. A phoneme is an abstract , distinctive and _____. A phonemic contrast B. phonetic distinction C. complementary distribution D. minimal pair
20. Stress, tone and intonation are called ____ features. A. segmental B. vocal C. speech D. supra-segmental
21. _____ deals with the production and classification of speech sounds. A. Acoustic phonetics B. Auditory phonetics C. Articulatory phonetics D. Phonetics
22. The initial sound in______ is a velar stop. A. tap B. cap C. gap D. hap
23. The IPA came into being towards the end of the _____century. nineteenth B. eighteenth C. seventeenth D. sixteenth 24._____ is a monophthong.
A. [i] B.[au] C. [ei] D.[ai] 25.______is a voiced alveolar stop. A. [b] B.[k] C.[d] D[g]
26._____ is a voiced labiodental fricative. A.[f] B.[r] C. [l] D . [v]
27.The _____ is the most flexible , and is responsible for more varieties of articulation than any other organs of speech.
A. lips B. nasal cavity C. tongue D. oral cavity 28. Liquids are classified in the light of ______.
A. manner of articulation B. place of articulation C. place of tongue D. none of the above
29. In English , there is only one glottal. It is _______. A.[l] B.[h] C. [k] D. [f]
30.The phonetic symbol for “voiced , labiodental, fricative” is ______. A.[v] B.[d] C. [f] D. [m]
31.The difference between [u] and [u:] is caused by _______. A. the openness of the mouth B. the shape of the lips C. the length of the vowels D. none of the above
32.What kind of tone is used when what is said is a straightforward matter-of-fact statements?
A. The rising tone B. The falling tone C. The fall-rise tone D. None of the above
33. In a sentence, which of the following is usually NOT stressed ? A. Nouns B. Demonstrative pronouns C. Personal pronouns D. All of the above
34.Which of the following is a typical tone language?
A. English B. Chinese C. French D. All of the above
35. Two allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in _____.
A. phonemic contrast B. complimentary distribution C. minimal pair D. none of the above
36.The sound [v] can be described as ____.
A. voiced, labio-dental , fricative B. voiceless, labio-dental , affricate C. voiced , alveolar, fricative D. none of the above
Part IV. Define the following terms:
Page 45Part V. Answer the following questions in English.
1. What is the difference between a monophthong and a diphthong? 2. How can consonants be classified?
3. Explain with examples how broad transcription and narrow transcription differ?
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