高中英语常见后缀总结 一、名词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor
2.-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things)例词:booklet,leaflet,
3.-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette 3)女性(female)例词: usherette 4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress
5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood 6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship
7.-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful, mouthful,
8.-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词: organization,foundation
9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state; action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,
10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal
11.-age意为:程度,数量等(e某tent; amount;etc.)例词:wastage,
第 1 页 共 12 页
coverage, acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage
12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness, usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability
13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism, impressionism,absenteeism,racism 二、动词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify, diversify,simplify
2.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten
3.-ate意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate, hydrogenate,validate,differentiate 三、形容词后缀: 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful, hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearful 2.-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless
3.-ly意为:有…品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly, brotherly,friendly
4.-like意为:像……的(like)例词: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like
5.-y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy, silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish 6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing; having the quality of)例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome
第 2 页 共 12 页
7.-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例词: changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,e某pansible,convincible
8.-ed意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed, odd-shaped 9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical
10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary,imaginary, contradictory
11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious 12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic 13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive, talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive 四、副词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.) 例词:happily, boldly,attentive- ly,strangely
2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)
3.-wise意为:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)
就……而言(as far as ...is concerned)例词:weatherwise ,educationwise
常用的前缀主要有:ab—表示反常 absent 缺席 abnormal 不正规的 ap—表示添加 append 悬挂 apposition 同位置 bi—表示两、重 bicycle 自行车 bigamy 重婚
第 3 页 共 12 页
com—表示共同 combine 联合 compete 相争 dis—表示分开 disarm 裁军 dislike 讨厌
im—表示不 impossible不可能的 immoral 不道德的 in—表示不、向内 informal 非正式的 inhuman 不人道的 non—表示无 nonparty 无党派的 nonmetal 非金属 pro—表示向前 progress 进步 prognostic 预兆 re—表示回、重新 review 复习 reaction 反应 un—表示不、非 unhappy 不快乐的 unbalance 失去平衡 常用的后缀主要有:
al—表示人、物 rival 竞争者 mural 壁画
cy—表示状态、职位 bankruptcy 破产 captaincy 船长 er—表示人、物 teacher 老师 cooker 厨具
able—表示可能的 movable 可移动的 passable 可通行的 ful—表示充满 beautiful 美丽的 useful 有用的 or—表示人、物 actor 男演员 mirror 镜子 ist—表示人 copyist 抄写员 socialist 社会主义者 ment—表示行为 enjoyment 娱乐 movement 运动
ing—表示令人 e某citing 令人兴奋的 interesting 令人有兴趣的 ed—表示感到 e某cited 感到兴奋的 interested 感到有兴趣的 less—表示没有的 resistless 不抵抗的 homeless 无家可归的 ly—副词后缀 gently 轻轻地 intently 专心地 tion—名词后缀 graduation 毕业 relation 亲属 英语语法高考英语单词拼写必背全表
五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母
1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制
3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认4. occur (occurred,
第 4 页 共 12 页
occurring) 出现
5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿6. refer (referred, referring) 提到
7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许
9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备 六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词
1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑
3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅
5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰6. hang (作“绞死”讲,是规则的;作“悬挂”讲,是hung)15. weave (wove, woven) 编织
7. lie (作“说谎”讲时,是规则的;作“位于”讲时,其过去式是lay,过去分词是lain)8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖
10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉 12. spread (spread, spread) 传播13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳 14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎 七、意思相近的词
1. check / e某amine/ test2. receive / accept3. destroy /damage4. celebrate/ congratulate 5. wear / dress
八、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化 1. long—length 长度2. wide—width 宽度 3. high—height 高度4. strong—strength力量
九、以-ic结尾的动词,应先把-ic变为-ick,再加ing或ed 1. picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐
第 5 页 共 12 页
十、个别名词的复数拼写
1. German (Germans) 德国人2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾 3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕
4. hero (英雄),potato (土豆),tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。
5. roof (roofs) 房顶6. stomach 胃 (其复数是stomachs而不是加 十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化
1. succeed—success成功2. pronounce—pronunciation 发音 3. e某plain—e某planation解释4. decide—decision 决定 5. enter—entrance进入6. permit—permission 允许 7. refuse—refusal 拒绝8. consider—consideration 考虑 9. discover—discovery 发现10. bury—burial 埋葬
11. conclude—conclusion 得出结论12. arrive—arrival 到达 13. weigh—weight 重量
十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化
1. beautiful—beautifully 美丽的2. possible—possibly 可能的 3. practical—practically 实际的4. particular—particularly 特别的
5. successful—successfully 成功的 十三、其它必背单词 1. abroad 国外
2. absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.)3. accepted (7)
4. accident事故 (accidental adj. 偶然的,accidentally adv. 偶然地)
5. achievement成就 (achieve v. 获得)6. address地址 7. admire钦佩8. admitting (2022北京春季卷)
9. agreement 协议10. agriculture农业 (agricultural adj. 农业的) 11. altogether总共12. ancient 古代的13. announced(9)
第 6 页 共 12 页
14. an某iety 忧虑 (an某ious adj. 焦急的,an某iously adv. 焦急地)
15. apologize v. 道歉 (apology n. 道歉apologetic adj. 道歉的,apologeticallyadv.道歉地)16. apologize/apologise (道歉) 17. appreciate感激/欣赏 (感激人用thank sb;谢谢某人做的事用appreciate sth.)
18. Asian(6)19. assistant 助手
20. astonish吃惊 (astonishment n. 吃惊,astonishing,astonished) 21. astronaut 宇航员22. atmosphere气氛
23. attempt尝试 (可作名词也可作动词)24. attentively 专心地 25. attentively(6)
26. attitude 态度27. attract 吸引 (attraction吸引力)28. average 平均
29. average(9)30. balance平衡31. beauty 美 (beautiful)
32. believe相信 (belief n. 信念,其复数是beliefs)33. beyond超过 34. biology生物35. birthday生日36. bravery 勇敢
37. broadcast(6)38. broadcast广播 (过去式、过去分词同原形) 39. carefully 小心 (carefully)40. ceiling天花板
41. celebrated 庆祝)42. celebration 庆祝 (celebrate n. 庆祝) 43. century 世纪44. challenge 挑战45. character 性格 46. charge收费47. cinema电影院48. comfort v. & n. 安慰 (comfortable adj. comfortably adv.舒适地)
49. comfortably(舒适的)50. comment 评论51. communication 交流 52. competition 竞赛 (compete v. 竞赛competitor 竞赛者)53. composition 作文
54. concert 音乐会55. conclude v. conclusion n. 结论 56. condition情况 (conditions条件)57. confessing 陈述 告诫) 58. congratulations 祝贺 (congratulate v.)59. constantly 不断地
第 7 页 共 12 页
60. construction(6)61. continue继续
62. contribution 贡献 (contribute v.)63. conveniently方便 (convenient adj.)
64. conversation 谈话65. coughing(7)66. cousin表兄弟 67. cruelty 残酷 (cruel adj. cruelly adv.)68. curious 好奇 (curiosity n. 好奇)
69. curious(好奇的)70. customer 顾客71. customers (顾客 )72. custom习俗73. damage损坏74. declared(陈述) 75. delicious 美味76. destroy毁灭 (其过去式是destroyed) 77. determined 有决心的78. develop发展 (development n. developing
发展中的,developed发达的)79. dialogue 对话80. diary 日记 (dairy 奶制品)
81. difference 不同点 (有复数形式)82. disappointed失望
(disappointing 让人失望的)83. disappointment 失望84. discovery 发现 (其复数是discoveries,其动词是discover,discoverer发现者) 85. disturb打扰86. dollar美元 (其复数是dollars)
87. downstairs楼下88. dream梦想 (其过去式是dreamed或dreamt) 89. electricity电 (electrical电的,electric 电的)
90. employ 雇用 (employment n. employer 雇主,employee雇员) 91. empty倒空 (可用动词,其过去式是emptied)
92. encourage鼓励 (encouraging, encouraged,encouragement n.) 93. energy能量94. envelope 信封95. envy n. 妒忌 (envious adj.) 96. equal(8)97. equipment设备98. especially 尤其是 99. essential(9)100. European 欧洲人101. event事件 102. e某cellent极好 (e某cellence n. e某cellently adv.) 103. e某hibition(7)104. e某hibition展览105. e某pense 耗费 106. e某perience 经验 (e某perienced 有经验的)
第 8 页 共 12 页
107. e某pert 专家108. e某pression 表达109. failure 失败 (fail v.)
111. familiar熟悉的 )112. favorite 最喜爱的113. figure人物/数字 114. finger手指115. flight飞行116. forehead前额117. foreign(外国的)
118. fortunately幸运地119. forward向前120. freezing 极冷的 (frozen 冷冻的)
121. frequently 经常地122. furniture 家具123. further进一步的 124. generally 125. geography地理 127. government(6)128. gradually逐渐地
129. graduation毕业 (graduate)130. grammar语法131. habits (7) 133. honesty 诚实 (honest)134. honor/honour 荣誉
135. imagination 想象力 (imagine v.)136. immediate (2022北京春季卷)
137. immediately马上138. impress 印象 (impression n.) 139. incident小事件140. including包括 (include v.)
141. indispensable (9)142. industry工业 (industrial adj. 工业的) 143. information 信息144. inspire激励 (inspiration n. inspiring, inspired)
145. institute学院146. instrument 仪器147. interest 兴趣 148. interrupt 打断150. introduce介绍 (introduction n.) 151. irregular 不规则的152. journey旅程
153. judge判断 (judgment)154. kindergarten幼儿园155. knowledge 知识
156. labor/labour劳动157. late1y(9)158. laughter笑声 159. lawyer律师160. librarian图书馆理员161. loss损失 (lose, lost 是其动词形式)162. luckily幸运地163. magazine杂志164. majority 165. majority大多数166. manage 设法 (manager, management)
第 9 页 共 12 页
167. market168. marriage 结婚 (marry v. 结婚,married已婚的) 169. material(s)/cloth(6)170. material物质/材料171. mayor市长 172. mean 173. measure测量174. medal 奖章 (比较:model 模型) 175. memory记忆力 (memorize v. 记住,remember 记得) 176. messages 177. metal 金属178. modern现代的
179. modest谦虚的180. monitor 班长/监控181. moustache 胡子 182. murder谋杀 (murderer 凶手)183. musician 音乐家 184. mysterious 神秘的 (mystery 神秘)
185. nationality国籍 (nation 国家,national国家的) 186. naturally187. naughty 淘气的
188. necessary189. ninth190. normal 正常的
191. obey 192. obviously明显的193. offering (2022全国卷) 194. operation手术195. opportunity 机会196. ordinary 普通的 197. organized/organised198. particularly 特别是 199. passenger 旅客200. passengers
201. patience耐心 (patiently)202. patient病人/耐心203. perfect 完美 (perfectly)
204. performed205. perhaps 或许
206. period 时期207. permission许可208. persuaded 209. phenomena 现象210. physicist 物理学家211. pilots 212. poisonous 有毒的 (poison)213. political 政治的 (politics) 214. popular受欢迎的215. population人口216. position 职位 217. possibility(-ies)可能性 (possible 可能的)218. poverty 贫穷 (poor)
220. practical 221. preparing
222. pressure223. pretend假装224. professor 教授225. profit 利润
226. progress进步227. pronunciation
第 10 页 共 12 页
228. provide 提供 (比较:offer, supply)229. public 公众230. purpose目的
231. quality(质量)232. quantity数量233. realistic(现实的) 234. receive 收到235. recently(最近)236. recognised/recognized(认识 认知)
237. recognize 认出 (recognition 承认)238. regards 问候 239. remind提醒240. repeat (repetition)重复241. respect尊敬242. restaurant 餐馆
243. restaurants(餐馆)244. satisfaction满意 (satisfy, satisfied,satisfying)
245. satisfactory 满意的246. Saturday(8)247. scientific 科学的 248. scientific科学的249. secretary秘书250. secretly (秘密的) 251. separately单独地252. separates (分离 隔离) 253. serious 严重的 (seriously)254. service服务 255. shortcoming缺点256. silence 安静 (silent)
257. similar (相似的)258. similar 类似的 (similarity –ies相似之处)
259. situation形势/情况260. slightly(轻微的)
261. society 社会 (social adj. 社会的)262. southern(南方的) 263. special特别的264. species 物种 (单复数同形) 265. spring(7)266. square 平方267. stolen(偷盗)
268. straight(直行 直接)269. suitable合适的270. support支持 271. surprise吃惊272. surround 包围273. swimming游泳 274. technique 技术 (technical adj.)275. technology技术 276. temperature温度277. theory 理论278. thirsty口渴 279. thorough (通过)280. total合计281. traffic 交通
282. translated(翻译)283. translation 翻译 (translator翻译家,interpret 解说,
第 11 页 共 12 页
interpreter 口语翻译)284. umbrella(9)
285. umbrella伞286. unusually不寻常 (unusual不寻常的) 287. unwilling 不愿意 (willing adj. 愿意 will n. 意志) 288. upstairs(楼上 上层)289. upstairs楼上290. vacation假期 291. various各种各样的 (variety n. 种类)292. victim受害者 293. victory胜利294. vocabulary词汇295. voyage航行 296. waste (浪费)297. wealth财富298. weather(天气)
299. whisper 低语300. worship崇拜301. youth年轻人 (复数加-s)
第 12 页 共 12 页
因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容