高三英语二轮专题复习书面表达解题指导出

【本讲信息】 一. 教学内容：

二轮专题复习 书面表达解题指导 二. 教学目标：

熟悉各种书面表达题型、指导解题技巧 【具体教学过程】 （一）书面表达解读 1、写作文体分析

文体 内容 方式 叙述描写要素 记叙文 记事 写人、描述事件 写人：肖像、行动、语言、心理 写事：时间、地点、人物、原因、结果 说明文 知识信息 介绍、解释 内容性、说明条理性、语言准确性 事物说明、程序说明、说明 用文 实用文体 信件（求职）、口头通知、格式规范、语言得体、层次清楚 演讲稿、日记、致辞 议论文 议论 摆事实、讲道理 论点、论据、论证 开头引论、主体本论、结尾结论 2、写作题型

文字提示类（各种文体）； 看图说话类（记叙文，日记）； 图表类（说明，议论）；

图画（单张图片、连环图片）类（说明、记叙） 3、写作步骤

一看：看题目、看要求、看体裁； 二审：审题（文字信息，图画信息） 三：文体、人称、时态、要点

四选：选要点、选要词、选句型；（用连词成句的方法将上述要点的词语扩展成句子）

五重：重条理、重过渡、重书写。 例题分析：

1月中旬以来(中国传统节日前)，一场罕见的暴风雪袭击了中国很多。原来在你校工作的外籍教师Iris非常关心这场雪灾。请你根据以上提示及下面表的内容，给Iris写封电子邮件。

造成问题 交通几乎瘫痪，阻断了人们的团圆路 一些电力设施被破坏，造成供电紧缺 给百姓生活带来不便 已经采取了许多措施 个人如何做的？(至少谈3点) 注意：1、电子邮件包括以上所有信息，并进行适当发挥。 2、词数：150左右。文中已提供的，不计入总词数。 3、参考词汇：瘫痪paralyze Dear Iris,

Thank you for your concern about the heavy snow that has swept across many parts of China including Jiangsu since mid-January. Actually, it’s the worst snow disaster in our country. Railway and freeway traffic has been paralyzed, making the family reunion of many people in the Spring Festival impossible. Some of the electricity facilities have been

destroyed, which has caused huge losses to the national economy. Besides, there has been a shortage of electricity because the severe weather made the production and transportation of coal difficult. To make matters

worse, people in some places have been suffering power failures. The snow has caused great inconvenience to their life.

Luckily,effective measures have already been taken by our government,but fighting the snow disaster is not something left to our

government alone. As citizens,we have done our own little bits. First,we have helped remove the snow from roads and streets.Then we have saved as much electricity as possible by turning off the air conditions and so on. And last but not least,we have taken good care of those families with only the old and young at home. Yours sincerely, Li Hua

（二）各种文体常用模板 1、议论文模板

（1）不同观点列举型议论文

There is a widespread concern over the issue that ______. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.

A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views , there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore,( in the second place,) ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____. People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people

hold the idea that__观点二______. In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.

As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一

或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________. （2）分析利弊型议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目____. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题___.

Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, _优点一______. And secondly ___优点二___.

Just as a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”. __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has

negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二____. To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____

into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____

讨论议题___.

（3）解决问题型议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__

作文题目___ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一____. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.

Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目____, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法___.

（4）谚语警句型议论文

It is well known to us that the proverb: “___谚语______” has a

profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.

A case is ___例子一______. Therefore, it goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____. With

the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance

of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.

2、图表类作文模板

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), __作文议题has been on rise/decrease (goes up/increases/drops/decreases)rising/decreasing

significantly/dramatically/steadily from__ in (time) to __ in (time). From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that __ .

There are at least two good reasons accounting for __ . On the one hand,__ . On the other hand, __ is due to the fact that _______.In addition, ______ is responsible for ______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ______.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.

As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that ______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded. 3、用文各种文体及模板 （1）书信的写作 书信(申请信)模板

Your address Month, Date, year Receiver’s address

Dear ...,

I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in .... And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising.

.../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, .... On the other hand, .... I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.

I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience./ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.

Best regards for your health and success. Sincerely yours, Name

（2）通知的写作 通知常用语言

1）口头通知的开头： Ladies and gentlemen/ Boys and girls, may I have

your attention , please? I have something important to tell you.

口头通知的结尾：That’s all. Thank you.

2）书面通知在正文之前的位置写Notice字样，结尾要写明时间及发出通知的单位。

（三）图表类作文专讲

［如何写图表作文］ 图表作文多以说明文和议论文为主，要求考生根据所给的图表、数据及标题进行分析、研究，阅读其中的文字和说明，弄清各种信息之间的关系，提炼和确出文章的中心思想。然后进行分析、概括和归纳。

注意：1）图表和数据内容不必描述。

2）善于抓住总的规律，趋势，归纳增减率。

3）时态：特时间用过去时。经常出现的情况或自己的评述用一般现在时。［图表作文形式有］

数字表：1）曲线图(line graph) 2）表格：(table)

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Item Food 65% 60% 48% 42% 35% Clothing 8% 9% 12% 15% 17% Recreation 3% 5% 7% 8% 10% Others 24% 26% 33% 35% 38% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 图形表：1）饼状图(pie chart)

2）条状图(bar chart)

［常见的表达用语］

短语:

1）上升：go up to/ climb to/ increase to/ rise to/jump to

The population of this city has been increasing so rapidly that it has now amounted to 250 million.

There was a rapid increase between 1993 and 1994, and the number then jumped to five million in 1995. 2）保持没变：remain; not change

The number of fires in each month remained the same. 3）下降：fall to; go down to; decrease; drop to; decline;

In comparison with that in 1988, the percentage of peak points decreased by 30%.

The number of South American travelers increased slightly and the number of visitors from Europe declined slightly.

句式：

The table shows (indicates) that a great number of people spent their holidays traveling abroad.

As we can see from the graph that the rate dropped slightly from 38% in 1993 to 31% in 2003…

From the table we can find out that only 35% of the people have taken in physical activities…

According to Chart I, the number was ten times as many as in 1995.

Compared with the boys, the girls show more interested in chatting. The number of the boys playing games is much larger than that of the

girls. ...is equal to that of...

It doubled the number of last year. 结束语：

After giving a careful consideration to the problem, I think I will be able to select the one who best fits the position.

It is clear from the chart that as incomes increase people can afford

to live more comfortably and eat well. Therefore, we need to educate our children, warning them of the dangers of playing with matches.

In conclusion, the upward trends suggest that more and more computer users will have access to Internet in the future.

In summary, smoking increased three different times and declined twice, with the last downward trend still continuing.

【典型例题】

［图表类作文分析与讲解］ 例： 2004 高考

某对中学生课余活动进行了调查，结果如下。请根据图表1提供的信息描述学生每天的课余活动，并针对图表2中任何一个数据中反映的情况写出你的一个看法。词数不少于60。 生词：图表chart

例文：Chart 1 shows the daily average amount of time the students of the school spend on different after-class activities. The students put the most time－93 minutes－into their homework, and next in line is

watching TV, which takes up 46 minutes. They put in about the same amount of time listening to music and working on the computer, 34 minutes and 30 minutes each. While 25 minutes is spent on sports, only 12 minutes goes into housework.

As is shown on Chart 2, only 10% of the time is taken up with sports

activities. I think the school should encourage the students to do more exercise after class. This way, they may be healthier and more energetic.（四）看图作文讲评：

根据漫画，请以“烟”为题，用英语写一篇短文，描述下面的内容，并就

此发表你的评论。

要求：

1. 文章必须包括描述和评论两；根据内容适当发挥，注意行文连贯。 2. 词数：150词左右。 【写作指导】

1. 要审清写作要求。 2. 确：

（1）体裁： （2）人称： （3）时态： （4）要点

3. 增加细节，连贯成文。

【参考范文】 Smoke This is a funny and instructive picture. In the picture, a young man is smoking happily in a factory when he sees a sign which means “No

smoking” on the wall. But he finds that the factory is giving off large

quantities of heavy smoke which makes him feel very puzzled, “Why does

the factory forbid people to smoke while the factory itself emits so much poisonous smoke?”

Nowadays, many factories know the danger of smoking to themselves

and don’t allow people’s smoking in the factory. However, they don’t

pay any attention to the danger that they cause to the whole society. And they let out lots of polluted smoke which does great harm to our environment.

In my opinion, we could live without most of the industrial products, but we could not survive without nature! Therefore, something must be done to prevent the pollution caused by all factories! （五）写作高分必备要素

①内容要点的完整性 ②语言交际的得体性

⑴Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable.

Thanks to the good weather, our journey was comfortable.

⑵We all think he is a great man. We all think highly of him.

⑶Suddenly I thought out a good idea. …came upon … A good idea occurred to me. A good idea suddenly struck me.

⑷The students there needn’t pay for their books. Books are free for the students there. ⑸As a result the plan was a failure. The plan turned out (to be) a failure.

⑹When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow.

At the news of his death, she went pale with sorrow. ⑺She went to Austria in order to study music.

She went to Austria for/with the purpose of studying music.

⑻When he spoke, he felt more and more excited. The more he spoke, the more excited he felt.

⑼In our school, there are twenty–six classrooms.

Our school is made up of twenty–six classrooms. Twenty–six classrooms make up our school. ⑽You can find my house easily.

You’ll have no trouble/difficulty finding my house. ③语言表达的得体性

⑴ When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.（使用v-ing形式） On his arriving/ arrival, please give me an e-mail.

⑵ To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句）

What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things. (That the little girl knows so many things surprises him. It surprises him that the little girl knows so many things .) ⑶ Though I’m weak, I’ll make the effort. (使用倒装句) Weak as I am, I’ll make the effort.

⑷ He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.

(使用强调句型 ①.It was… 使用倒装②.not until…) ①It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.

②Not until he had read the news in the newspaper did he know what had happened.

(5) I passed the physics exam because of your help.（使用虚拟语气） ① I could not have passed the physics exam but for your help. ② If you had not helped me, I could not have passed the physics exam. ⑹ She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (用过去分词)

Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.

⑺ They sang and laughed as they went back to school. ( 使用v-ing形式)

Singing and laughing, they went back to school. ⑻ I won’t believe what he says. （使用状语从句） No matter what he says, I won’t believe.

⑼ If you study hard, you will make rapid progress. （使用并列句） Study hard and you’ll make rapid progress.

⑽ He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (使用倒装句)

No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. ④语篇结构的连贯性 (有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑)

书面表达常用过渡词语:

1. 表层进 first/ firstly; second,/secondly; third, thirdly; to begin with

/to start with; in the first place ; what’s more; and equally important; besides/in addition; further/still furthermore; last but not the least;

next /besides; too /moreover; finally 2. 表举例

for example /for instance; to illustrate /as an illustration 3. 表解释

as a matter of fact; frankly speaking; in this case; namely; in other words; 4. 表总结

in summary; in a word; in brief; in conclusion; to conclude; in fact; indeed; in short; in other words; of course; it is true; specially; that is; to summarize; thus; as has been said; altogether; finally; in simpler terms; in particular; that is; on the whole; to put it differently;

therefore 5. 表强调

of course; indeed; above all; most important 6. 表让步

still; nevertheless; in spite of; all the same; even so; after all 7. 表比较

in comparison; similarly; equally; however; in the same way 8. 表转折

by contrast; although; at the same time; but; in contrast; nevertheless; on the contrary; on the other hand; otherwise; regardless; still; though; yet; despite the fact that; even so; even though; for all that; however; in spite of; instead.

⑤ 卷面的美观性 【模拟试题】 （书面表达专练）： （1）

某明星最近卷入一起丑闻，他代言的某产品经检验被视为虚假广告。此事在你校学生中引起很大反响。对“该不该买明星促销的商品”这一问题进行了讨论。看法各不相同。请根据下表提示写一篇短文，介绍讨论的情况，并阐述你的看法（至少两点）。

Yes No 1）大多数明星很关心代言产品的质量 1）有的明星作广告见利忘义 2）买明星促销的商品是支持偶像的一种方2）推销的产品并非适合每个人 式 词数：120词左右（短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数）参考词汇：促销 promote A famous star was involved in a scandal（丑闻） when the product he spoke for was found to be ineffective. This brought a great reaction from the students in our school. （2）

什么是最好的学习方法，在这个问题上学生中存在较大分歧。有人认为学

习好，有人认为与他人学习好。而你的老师建议采用学习的方法。请以“The Best way to learn”为题，用英语写一篇短文，陈述你的看法。

内容要点如下：

1. 你喜欢学习（或：与他人学习），并简述理由； 2. 老师建议的学习方法是学习（或：学习）； 3. 你对老师建议的看法 4. 你的学习效果

词数：120 左右（开头已给出） The Best Way to Learn

There is a growing debate about the most effective ways of study among the students. （3）

请根据以下四幅图画和提示词，以《乐于助人风尚》为题，用英语写一篇120词左右的短文，主要内容为：1）图中助人为乐的行为；2）你对助人为乐的看法。短文的标题已经写好，不计入单词总数。

参考词汇：virtue（美德）；sympathetic (同情的)； escalator（电梯）；

donate

（捐）

The Virtue of Helping Others （4）

2006年12月1日是第十八个艾滋病日，其主题是Stop AIDS, Keep the Promise。围绕这个主题，《中学生英文报》举办征文竞赛。请根据以下内容，写一篇征文。

1 根据下列图表，说明我国艾滋病的现状。

2. 为了遏制艾滋病的蔓延和关爱艾滋病患者，作为中学生，我们该： 1）认识艾滋病的危害； 2）自尊自爱，远离； 3）……; 4）…… （第3、4小点请自己发挥。）

要求： 1 短文需包括所给要点； 2 短文的开头与结尾已为你写好。 3 词数120左右。

AIDS is a deadly disease, which is spreading fast throughout our country. ……

Let’s remember: Stop AIDS, Keep the Promise.

（5）

假如你是李华，针对目前有些中学生购买彩票的现象，给21st Century 报社编辑写信，并谈谈自己的看法，其中包括以下要点： 1. 弊远大于利；

2. 中学生没有经济来源，容易诱发一些不良行为； 3. 从当前说，会影响学习；

4. 从长远看，会养成事事走的侥幸心理，其危害将影响其一生。 注意（1）信的开头和结尾已经给出；

（2）必须包括以上要点，可适当发挥，但不要逐句翻译； （3）词数100左右，不包括开头、结尾。 Dear editor .

At present , many high school students are addicted to buying lottery

tickets and they seem to have good reasons . However , I’d like to talk about my views on the phenomenon .

Therefore , I think it is necessary for them to keep away from lottery stations and concentrate on their studies for now .

Yours , Li Hua （6）

寒假，你参加了社会实践活动，去某旅行社当业余导游。请根据该旅行社提供的数据和你的所见所闻，用英语写一篇短文，作为寒假作业交给你的英语老师。

要求：1. 简析表格，说明产生这种现象的原因；2. 结合漫画，谈谈境外旅游出现的问题；

3. 针对所出现的问题阐述你自己的看法（至少两点）； 4. 词数120左右；5. 参考词汇：吐痰 spit v. （7）

假如你是李明，你的英国笔友约翰给你发来一封电子邮件，要求你简要介绍奥运会火炬以及火炬在境内传递的情况。请你根据下列所有提示内容，给他回一封电子邮件。

其 它 信 息 火炬在境内传递时间与路线 5月22日至24日； →→→→ 你的感想 （内容由考生自己拟） 注意：1. 对所给要点，不要简单翻译，要有适当发挥；

2. 词数150。电子邮件中已写好了的，不计入总词数。

3. 参考词汇：纸卷轴 a paper scroll 丝绸之路 the Silk Road 祥云 lucky clouds Dear John,

Nice to hear from you again. Now I’m happy to tell you about the Beijing Olympic Torch. ….

Bye for now! Li Ming 【试题答案】 书面表达 （1）

Opinions are divided on the problem about whether we should buy products promoted by a star.

Some students say that they prefer to buy products promoted by a star because most of them care about the quality of the products they are going

to advertise. Besides, buying those products is a way to support the stars they like.

However, others express their opposite opinions. They think what

some stars really care when they make an advertisement is money but not the quality of the product. In addition, the product that a star advertises is not necessarily suitable for everyone.

In my opinion, we should be cool and sensible while choosing a product. The main aspect we are supposed to consider is not the advertisement or the star but the quality of products and their real usefulness in our daily life.

（2）

Personally, I prefer to study alone. I find studying alone more challenging and exciting. Each time I come up with an idea after a long time thinking, I feel a great sense of achievement. Studying alone also allows me to develop independent thinking which is a very important skill I need as I grow older and must solve the problems myself without the help of parents and teachers. Our teachers often encourage us to study in groups. I enjoy my friends’ company, but in group study, I find we spend far less time studying and more time playing games and having fun. It is for these reasons that I believe the most effective way to learn

is studying alone. Personally I like studying in groups. When studying in groups we can

learn from each other, share our experiences in solving difficult problems and learn more in less time.

In the past I seldom had the confidence to participate in my

classmates’ discussion. I also had little enthusiasm for studying as I found it boring. But following my teachers’ advice I joined a study group and to my surprise my performance in class has improved greatly.

Studying has become more enjoyable and something I look forward to. Now I am proud that I can be helpful to others. So for me, studying in groups is by far the most effective way to learn. （3）

The Virtue of Helping Others

Nowadays, the virtue of helping others is frequently seen in our daily life.

As can be seen in the pictures above, people often give up their seats

to old people on buses or in subways. In public places, people are ready to help the disabled, such as helping them to go up the escalator. Some people often donate blood to the sick, and some people contribute money in order to help the poor.

In my opinion, being ready to help others is very important. When our friends, our neighbors, or even strangers are in need or in trouble,

especially those disabled people, we should help them as much as possible. When everyone shows his care for others, society will become a really enjoyable place to live in. （4）

AIDS is a deadly disease, which is spreading fast throughout our country. As the chart shows, by the end of August, 2005, there had been

102,387 people infected with the HIV virus. The number of people who got AIDS came up to 30,158 and 7,3 people died of this disease. The AIDS virus can be transmitted through many routes. Taking drugs is the main cause of transmission. In our country in 2005, 41.9% of AIDS sufferers were drug takers.

In order to prevent the fast spread of AIDS, we middle school students must fully realize how harmful AIDS is. We should be strict with ourselves and keep away from drugs. Besides, we shouldn’t look down upon those AIDS sufferers. What they need most is/are care and love.

Let’s remember: Stop AIDS, Keep the promise.

（5）

Dear editor, At present , many high school students are addicted to buying lottery tickets and they seem to have good reasons . However , I’d like to talk

about my views on the phenomenon . In my opinion , its disadvantages are far more than its disadvantages ,

despite one of their reasons that they can do something useful for society in this way . High school students can’t support themselves financially but depend on their parents for the moment . Thus , in order to collect money with which to buy lottery tickets , they may try every possible means , even commit crimes .

In addition , if they put their minds on lottery tickets , their

lessons will be affected more or less . And in the long run , lottery ticket purchasing will contribute to their wrong understanding that

there must be a shortcut to every destination , which will surely do great harm to them the whole life .

Therefore , I think it is necessary for them to keep away from lottery stations and concentrate on their studies for now . Yours , Li Hua （6）

When people’s life is getting better and better, more and more

people choose to spend their holidays abroad. The year 2006 sees a sharp increase in the number of overseas travelers compared with the year 2001,

when the number was already more than doubled of the year 1996. It’s a good thing that Chinese tourism is developing very fast. And yet,

reports about people’s bad manners flood in. Some are even asked if all Chinese spit and litter everywhere. The poor behavior has done great harm to the image of China, which is really shameful.

China has long been regarded as a country with good manners. Everybody should keep some do’s and don’ts in their mind to guide their behavior in public, home and abroad. Win respect for yourself and our country! （7） Dear John,

Nice to hear from you again. Now I’m happy to tell you about the

Beijing Olympic Torch. Completely designed by the Chinese, the 72-centimetre-tall torch takes the form of a paper scroll, suggesting

that paper was one of the four greatest inventions in ancient China and was introduced to the West by way of the Silk Road. In the design, lucky clouds, a typical symbol of Chinese culture, represent harmony.

The flame of the torch can reach a height between 25 and 30 centimeters, and it can be identified and photographed in the strong daylight. Besides, it will keep burning even in a strong wind or a heavy

rain. The torch will pass through Jiangsu Province via Suzhou, Nantong,

Taizhou, Yangzhou and Nanjing from May 22 to 24. …

Bye for now! Li Ming