【英语】高考英语阅读理解(社会文化)题20套(带答案)及解析

【英语】高考英语阅读理解(社会文化)题20套(带答案)及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类

1．阅读理解

A PG-13 rating is a stricter warning by the Rating Board to parents to determine whether their children under age 13 should view the film. A PG-13 film may go beyond the PG rating in theme, violence, nudity (裸露), language, adult activities or other elements, but does not reach the restricted R category.

The theme of the film by itself will not result in a rating greater than PG-13, although activities shown in the film related to a mature theme may result in a restricted rating for the film. Any drug use will initially require at least a PG-13 rating. More than brief nudity will require at least a PG-13 rating, but such nudity in PG-13 rated film generally will not be sexually oriented. There may be violence scene in a PG-13 movie, but generally not both realistic and extreme or persistent violence.

A single use of one of the rude words in a film, though only as an expletive (感叹语), initially requires at least a PG-13 rating. More than one such bad word requires an R rating, as must even one of those words used in a sexual context. The Rating Board nevertheless may rate such a film PG-13 if, based on a special vote by a two-thirds majority, the Raters feel that most American parents would believe that a PG-13 rating is appropriate because of the context or manner in

which the words are used or because the use of those words in the film is easily neglected.

（1）What is the main goal of this passage?

A.To discuss various movie ratings.

B.To explain various movie ratings.

C.To explain the difference between PG-13 and R movie ratings.

D.To explain the PG-13 movie rating.

（2）According to PG-13 rating, the theme of the movie __________.

A.has little impact on its rating

B.has a large impact on its rating

C.should be entertaining

D.should be suitable for children

（3）From Paragraph 2, we can learn that drug usage __________.

A.should not be allowed in movies

B.is dangerous

C.makes a PG-13 rating necessary

D.is not appropriate for children under 13

（4）What does a movie with two or more uses of bad words require?

A.A PG rating.

B.A PG-13 rating.

C.An R rating.

D.An NC-17 rating.

【答案】 （1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。PG-13级是电影分级委员会对家长发出的更严格的警告，目的是决定13岁以下的孩子是否应该看这部电影。文章介绍了PG-13电影

分级。

（1）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文从主题、暴力、裸体、语言、成人活动方面解释了PG-13的电影分级。全文目的在于解释PG-13。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The theme of the film by itself will not result in a rating greater than PG-13, although activities shown in the film related to a mature theme may result in a restricted rating for the film.”，电影的主题本身不会导致评级大于PG-13，尽管在电影中出现的与成熟主题相关的活动可能会导致对电影的限制评级。此可知，电影的主题对PG-13评级影响不大。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Any drug use will initially require at least a PG-13 rating.”任何药物使用最初都需要至少达到PG-13级别。可知，药物使用使PG-13评级是必要的。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“More than one such bad word requires an R rating, as must even one of those words used in a sexual context.”，一部有两个或两个以上脏话用法的电影需要满足R级。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Being attractive isn't usually considered much of a disadvantage in today's

world. Actually, there is the endless potential benefit about it, but researchers have found one area that being pretty makes life a challenge securing yourself a boring, low­paying job.

This stands in contrast to a large body of research that attractiveness, in general, helps candidates in the selection process. For the most part good looks is a blessing. We treat pretty people more favorably in general, often vote for them more in elections, and pay them more in their professions. The research suggests that attractive people may be discriminated against in selection for relatively less desirable jobs.

Researchers carried out four experiments involving more than 750 participants, including university students and managers who make hiring decisions in the real world. Participants were shown photos of two potential job candidates, one attractive and the other unattractive. Participants were then asked a series of questions designed to measure their opinions of the job candidates

and

whether

they

would

hire

these

candidates

for

a

less­than­desirable job.

The less desirable jobs included a warehouse worker, housekeeper, customer service representative and the more desirable jobs included things like a manager, project director, IT elite(精英). In all experiments where they were asked, participants were significantly less likely to hire the attractive candidate for the less desirable job and more likely to hire the attractive candidate for the more desirable job.

Ms Lee said, \"In the selection decision for an undesirable job, decision makers were more likely to choose the unattractive individual over the attractive individual. Co­author Dr Madan Pillutla said, \"It is interesting that decision makers consider others' opinions in their decisions. They thought that attractive individuals would want better outcomes, and therefore would be less satisfied, so they favored unattractive candidates when selecting for a less desirable job.\"

The research also suggests the established view that attractive candidates are favored when applying for jobs might be limited to high­level jobs.

（1）What do people generally think of being attractive?

A. It is a disadvantage.

B. It is a blessing.

C. it is not important.

D. It has nothing to do with jobs.

（2）What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A. The participants of the experiment.

B. The importance of the experiment.

C. The process of the experiment.

D. The result of the experiment.

（3）An ordinary­looking graduate may have an advantage when applying for _______.

A. a manager B. a project director C. a warehouse

worker D. an IT elite

（4）Why are less attractive applicants preferred for less desirable jobs?

A. Because they are more hardworking.

B. Because they will be more satisfied.

C. Because they have no requirements at all.

D. Because they will want better outcomes.

（5）Which of the following agrees with the research?

A. Attractive people are more fit for high­level jobs.

B. Less attractive people are easy to find high­level jobs.

C. Attractive people can always be hired when applying for jobs.

D. Less attractive people can easily get highly paid if they work hard.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）C

（3）C

（4）B

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了吸引力和求职之间的关系。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的\"For the most part good looks is a blessing.\"可知,在很大程度上,美貌是一种福气,由此可知,人们普遍认为有吸引力是一种福气,故选B。

（2）考查段落大意。根据第三段内容,特别是\"Participants were shown photos of two potential job candidates, one attractive and the other unattractive.\"可知,本段主要介绍了研究人员对吸引力和求职之间的关系的实验过程,故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的\"The less desirable jobs included a warehouse worker, housekeeper, customer service representative\"及\"participants

were significantly less likely to hire the attractive candidate for the less desirable job\"可知,参与者不太可能雇有吸引力的人做不那么理想的工作,而仓库管理员是不理想的工作之一,由此可知,长相一般的人在申请仓库管理员职位上有优势,故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的\"They thought that attractive individuals would want better outcomes, and therefore would be less satisfied, so they favored unattractive candidates when selecting for a less desirable job.\"可知,有吸引力的人希望更好的结果,因此不太容易满足,所以参与者在选择不那么理想的工作时更喜欢长相一般的候选人,由此可知,长相一般的人更喜欢不那么理想的工作是因为他们更容易满足,故选B。

（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的\"The research also suggests the established view that attractive candidates are favored when applying for jobs might be limited to high­level jobs.\"可知,有吸引力的求职者更受青睐的观点可能仅限于高层职位,由此可知,有吸引力的人更适合高层工作与研究结果相符合,故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Some international languages are widely used formany purposes. Some minority languages will die out and some nations tend tokeep minority languages. I reckon that most common used internationallanguages ease our life

quality and communication with different nationalities.On the other hand, we need to help improve minority languages.

There are many languages in the entire world buttwo or three minority languages die out each year. Some countries try to savedying languages. For instance, Australian Government created a project to savethe language and culture of Maori who are Australian aborigines. And there areother projects to keep minority languages such as American Indian language.

However, the worldwide job market usuallyrequires candidates who can speak English or other international languages.People who cannot speak lingua franca (共通语) could hardly be promotedat work. For example, some companies need an employee who can deal with foreigncompanies. So most people tend to learn at least one international languagethat helps them to find a better job.

Therefore, world needs one common lingua francathat should be spoken in any country. Consequently, one common language shouldbe a required subject in every school. So anyone speaking one common languagecan travel without worries to any point of the world and trade their products. Peoplewill not be forced to learn many languages.

In conclusion, we should help minority nationsto keep their languages for the cultural diversity. To ease the worldwidecommunication among nations, we should create a common language and providecourses of it. As a result, no one will face a language issue.

（1）What does the underlined word “reckon” in Paragraph 1 mean?

A. Deny. B. Fear. C. Ignore. D. Think.

（2）What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A. Not all minority languages are useful. B. Some minority languages have died out.

C. Maori is attractive to Australian tourists. D. American Indian language is well preserved.

（3）Why do most people study more international languages?

A. It benefits their journey. B. They can earn more money.

C. It does good to find a good job. D. They are eager to get promoted.

（4）How can we stay away from language problems?

A. By learning a common language. B. By wiping out minority languages.

C. By studying more languages at college. D. By communicating more

with foreigners.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一些国际语言被广泛用于许多目的，多数人学习更多的国际语言是为了找到一份好工作。作者建议通过学习一种共同的语言来解决语言问题。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“Some minority languages will die out and some nations tend to keep minority languages. ”一些少数民族语言消亡，一些国家倾向于保持少数民族语言。”I reckon that most common used international languages ease our life quality and communication with different nationalities.”我认为最常用的国际语言缓解我们的生活质量和与不同民族的沟通。由上下文联系推知划线词的意思是“想，认为”。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“There are many languages in the entire world but two or three minority languages die out each year.”可知一些少数民族的语言已经灭绝。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“So most people tend to learn at least

one international language that helps them to find a better job.”多数人学习更多的国际语言是为了找到一份好工作。故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“To ease the worldwide communication among nations, we should create a common language and provide courses of it. As a result, no one will face a language issue.”可知通过学习一种共同的语言来解决语言问题。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Music is an international language. The songs that are sung or played by instruments are beautiful to all people everywhere.

Popular music in America is what every student likes. Students carry small radios with earphones and listen to music before class, after class and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers(扬声器)and play the music loudly as they drive on the street.

Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to the news about sports, the weather, politics, and activities of the American people. But most of the radio broadcast is music.

Pop or popular music singers make much money. They make a CD or tape which radio stations use in every state. Once the popular singer is heard throughout the country, young people buy his or her tapes. Some of the money from these tapes comes to the singer. Wherever the singer goes, all the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a national star.

Besides pop music, there are two other kinds of music that is important to Americans. One is called folk music. It tells stories about the common life of Americans. The other is called western or country music. This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching. Today, any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.

Serious music for the concert halls is called classical music. Music for instruments is called orchestra music, such as the symphonies(交响乐)of Beethoven. There is opera for singers, ballet for dancers like the story of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai in China.

（1）In what way can music be regarded as an international language?

A.Popular music is what everyone enjoys.

B.The wonderful songs are popular with the world people.

C.When music is played, it seems as if it were speaking to us.

D.Music is too popular for everyone to be able to play it.

（2）What can we know about music and people in America?

A.Adult drivers listen to news as well as music when they drive to work.

B.Adult drivers never listen to music when they drive to work.

C.Student drivers carry small radios with earphones when they drive on the streets.

D.Students always listen to music before class, in class and after class.

（3）Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage?

A.All people in America like popular music.

B.Pop singers can get all the money from the tapes.

C.Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai is a kind of pop music in China.

D.Now，western or country music is a little different from its beginning.

（4）What's the best title of the passage?

A.International language.

B.Music in America.

C.Pop music.

D.Music listeners.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国的几种音乐。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Music is an international language.The songs that are sung or played by instruments are beautiful to all people everywhere”可知，音乐是一种世界性的语言，用乐器演唱或演奏的歌曲对世界各地的人们来说都是美丽的，因此推断美妙的歌曲深受世界人民的欢迎。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work.They also listen to the news about sports，the weather，politics，and activities of the American people.”可知，成年司机开车上班时听汽车收音机里的音乐，他们还收听体育新闻，天气，政治，和美国人民的活动。A项正确。其他三项描述都不正确。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching.Today，any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.”可知，如今的乡村音乐与过去是不同的。当初它是牛仔唱给牛听的，但现在它是任何关于乡村生活或乡村青年爱情的音乐。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。从文中各段的描述看，本文主要讲的是美国的音乐种类。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Sweetest Day is always the third Saturday in October. This holiday is much more important in some regions than in others (Detroit, Cleveland and Buffalo being the biggest Sweetest Day cities). It is a holiday that is gaining in popularity every year throughout the country.

Sweetest Day is celebrated on the third Saturday in October as a day to make someone happy. It is an occasion which offers all of us an opportunity to remember not only the sick, aged, and orphaned, but also friends, relatives and associates whose helpfulness and kindness we have enjoyed.

Over 60 years ago, a Cleveland man, believing that the city's orphans and shut-ins (卧病在床的人) too often felt forgotten and neglected, formed the idea of showing them that they were remembered. He did this through the distribution(分发) of small gifts. With the help of his friends and neighbors, he distributed these small remembrances on a Saturday in October. During the years that followed, other Clevelanders began to participate in the celebration ceremony, which came to be called \"Sweetest Day\". In time, the Sweetest Day idea of spreading cheer to the underprivileged(弱势群体)was broadened to include everyone, and became an occasion for remembering others with a kind act or a small remembrance. And soon the idea spread to other cities all over the country.

Sweetest Day is not based on any single group's religious belief or on a family relationship. It is a reminder that a thoughtful word or deed enriches life and gives it meaning. Because for many people remembering takes the form of gift-giving, Sweetest Day offers us the opportunity to show others that we care, in a practical way.

（1）Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?

A.More and more people are now celebrating Sweetest Day in the whole country.

B.Sweetest Day is a holiday which always falls on the Saturday in October.

C.Sweetest Day is much more important in big cities than in small cities.

D.Only a few religious have the tradition to celebrate the holiday.

（2）The idea of creating Sweetest Day came from _____.

A.the city's orphans and shut-ins

B.a city named Cleveland 60 years ago

C.a man who cared orphans and shut-ins

D.a man's friends, relatives and associates

（3）Sweetest Day is celebrated in the following ways EXCEPT _____.

A.a kind act

B.a family party

C.gift-giving

D.a small remembrance

（4）From the third paragraph we can learn that _____.

A.it is the people in Cleveland who spread Sweetest Day to other cities

B.only with the help of the man's friends and neighbors, he got a small remembrance

C.over 60 years ago, a man too often felt forgotten and neglected

D.all people loved to be remembered by others on Sweetest Day in Cleveland

【答案】 （1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国的甜蜜日。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“It is a holiday that is gaining in popularity every year throughout the country.”可知，甜蜜日是一个在全国每年都越来越受欢迎的节日。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Over 60 years ago, a Cleveland man, believing that the city's orphans and shut-ins (卧病在床的人) too often felt forgotten and neglected, formed the idea of showing them that they were

remembered.” 60多年前，一个克利夫兰人认为，这个城市的孤儿和被关在家里的人常常感到被遗忘和忽视，于是产生了这样一个想法：让他们知道，他们被人记挂着。由此可以推断出，创造甜蜜日的想法来自一个关心孤儿和自闭的人。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“He did this through the distribution(分发) of small gift”以及“In time, the Sweetest Day idea of spreading cheer to the underprivileged(弱势群体)was broadened to include everyone, and became an occasion for remembering others with a kind act or a small remembrance.”可知，庆祝甜蜜日可以通过送小礼物，小小的纪念品或者善意的行为。文章中并没有提可以通过家庭聚会的方式来庆祝。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In time, the Sweetest Day idea of spreading cheer to the underprivileged(弱势群体)was broadened to include everyone, and became an occasion for remembering others with a kind act or a small remembrance. And soon the idea spread to other cities all over the country.”随着时间的推移，向弱势群体传播欢乐的最甜蜜的一天的想法被扩大到包括所有人，并成为用善意的行为或小小的纪念来纪念他人的一个场合。很快这个想法就传遍了全国其他城市。由此可以推断出，是克利夫兰的人民把最甜蜜日传播到其他城市。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee (裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don't care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn't seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoyed games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.

Grown-ups can hardly find children's game exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple game again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinary afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.

It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.

（1）What is true about children when they play games?

A. They can stop playing any time they like. B. They can test their personal

abilities.

C. They want to pick a better team. D. They don't need rules.

（2）To become a leader in a game the child has to _________.

A. be a useful partner B. wait for his turn

C. be confident in himself D. be popular among his playmates

（3）Why does a child like playing games?

A. Because he can be someone other than himself.

B. Because he can become popular among friends.

C. Because he finds he is always lucky in games.

D. Because he likes the place where he plays a game.

（4）Which is the best title for this passage?

A. Rules in Children's Games B. Advantages of Playing Games for Children

C. Reasons for Children's Games D. How to Be a Popular Game Player

【答案】 （1）A

（2）B

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了孩子们在玩游戏时有自己的游戏规则，他们很少需要裁判，很少去记分．他们喜欢玩取决于运气的游戏，这样他们的个人能力就不能直接进行比较了．但是，成年人很难发现孩子们的游戏令人兴奋，他们常常对孩子们反复玩这么简单的游戏感到困惑。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Children have their own rules in playing games．Theyseldom need a referee（裁判） and rarely trouble to keep scores．”可知，介绍了孩子们玩游戏的一些特点，比如孩子的游戏有自己的规则，也不需要裁判，而且可以随时结束，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn”可知，当轮到他时，他就成了领袖．所以要成为一个游戏的领导者，孩子必须等待轮到他才行，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“He can be a good player without having

to think whether he is a popular person，and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid．”可知孩子们喜欢玩游戏的重要原因之一是他们可以在游戏中假装成别人，选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，游戏在孩子们的生活中是必不可少的．他们无需裁判，也很少计分，他们甚至不在乎输赢．尽管在成年人眼里这些游戏非常简单，枯燥．但是孩子们对此却是乐此不疲．作者认为通过游戏，孩子们学会了遵守规则，可知选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Going back to school can be an anxious time for many students. But one institution in Texas is doing its part to make sure middle schoolers are returning refreshed and inspired to learn.

Through a process called the \"bathroom inspiration project,\" teachers and administrators at Warren Middle School, spent their summer beautifying the school's restrooms by painting motivational murals (壁画) on each of the stalls (小隔间).Forming messages like \"Your mistakes don't define you\" and \"Scatter (撒播) kindness,\" the brightly colored words are exactly what a young student needs to see when having a rough day-or any school day for that matter. And now that

classes are officially in session, people are already noticing a positive impact.

Since posting photos of upgrades to the school in July, Principal Joshua Garcia says that the alterations have aroused a great response.

\"Students have been talking about the murals from the moment the pictures had been posted. Some even took the time to find a reason to come up to the campus to see the murals,\" he says. \"I think what makes this small little action so valuable is that it has set the tone for our campus.\"

And not only is that important to students, parents, and fellow staff, but it is also vital for the school's new principal, who is trying to gain the trust of the community during a time in which trust is so necessary for schools.

\"Being new to the campus, I think the parents were able to see how much I value their children and have their best interest at heart,\" Garcia continues. \"I have had many parents tell me how they can just feel a difference in the campus climate and how much they are enjoying seeing their children wanting to come here. These murals have put trust back in the campus and its teachers, and by doing so we are able to build a culture in which our students want to be here and learn.\"

（1）What has happened at Warren Middle School?

A.Painting has become popular among most students.

B.Some students have suffered great anxiety at school.

C.Its toilets have been beautified with inspiring words.

D.Motivational murals have been made in each classroom.

（2）What does the underlined word \"alterations\" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A.Rules

B.Arguments

C.Changes

D.Opportunities

（3）What's students and parents' attitude toward those murals?

A.Negative

B.Ambiguous

C.Uninterested

D.Supportive

（4）What does Garcia intend to do according to the text?

A.Reduce increasing anxiety.

B.Build an artistic atmosphere.

C.Create a trusting environment.

D.Introduce a new culture to society.

【答案】 （1）C

（2）C

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，德克萨斯州的一所中学绘制卫生间文化墙，用正能量的语言激励学生，从而获得学生和家长的一致好评。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Through a process called the‘bathroom inspiration project,’ teachers and administrators at Warren Middle School, spent their summer beautifying the school's restrooms by painting motivational murals on each of the stalls Forming messages like ‘Your mistakes don't define you’and‘Scatter kindness,’\"可知，该中学用励志语言美化了卫生间的每一个小隔

间。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“doing its part to make sure middle schoolers are returning refreshed and inspired to learn,”以及本段划线单词前面的Since posting photos of upgrades to the school和后面的have aroused a great response 可推知，该校别具一格的特色改变引起了大家的关注。故alterations在此意为“改变”。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Students have been talking about the murals from the moment the pictures had been posted. Some even took the time to find a reason to come up to the campus to see the murals ”以及最后一段中的“I have had many parents tell me how they can just feel a difference in the campus climate and how much they are enjoying seeing their children wanting to come here ”可推知，学生和家长对学校的这一举措持支持态度。故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“it is also vital for the school's new principal, who is trying to gain the trust of the community during a time in which trust is so necessary or schools”以及最后一段中Garcia所说的“These murals have put trust back in the campus ”可推知，校长Garcia希望创建一个家长对学校充满信任的大环境。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.

Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.

But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard patterns into which they report each day's events. In other words, there is a traditional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.

There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the \"standard patterns\" of the newsroom seem foreign to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.

Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.

Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite (精英), so their work tends to reflect the traditional values of this elite. The alarming distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily conflict of world views between reporters and their readers.

This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums (讨论会) and a credibility project devoted to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class prejudices that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.

（1）What is the passage mainly about?

A. Needs of the readers all over the world.

B. Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.

C. Origins of the declining newspaper industry.

D. Aims of a journalism credibility project.

（2）The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.

A. quite trustworthy B. somewhat conflicting C. very

informative D. rather shallow

（3）The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ______.

A. working attitude B. traditional lifestyle

C. world outlook D. educational background

（4）Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its ______.

A. failure to realize its real problem B. tendency to hire annoying reporters

C. likeliness to do inaccurate reporting D. prejudice in matters of race and gender

【答案】 （1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，为了解释为什么大众不信任报纸信息，专门做了一个叫新闻可信度项目，结果却是相当得肤浅，大众对报刊的不信任不在于单词拼写错误，语法不对，而是新闻记者和普通读者之间世界观的冲突。

（1）考查主旨大意。本文主要讲述，为了解释为什么大众不信任报纸信息，专门做了一个叫新闻可信度项目，结果却是相当得肤浅，大众对报刊的不信任不在于单词拼写错误，语法不对，而是新闻记者和普通读者之间世界观的冲突，因此本文解释了大众不信任报纸的原因，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes,”可知，很悲伤的是，这个项目结果却是很多肤浅的发现，比如事实性的错误，单词拼写和语法错误等，因此可知，作者对这个项目的结果很失望，觉得发现很肤浅，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“The alarming distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily conflict of world views between reporters and their readers.”可知，对新闻媒体不信任不在于信息的不准确和匮乏，而是记者和读者之间世界观的冲突，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class prejudices that so many former buyers are complaining about.”可知，新闻媒体似乎没有抽出时间去关注文化和阶级的偏见，而这些问题是之前很多读者就一直在抱怨的，故可知，报刊行业依然没有让人满意在于没有认真去关注问题，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行分析推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.

A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身)，nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can't judge a book by its cover, yet people do \"cover\" themselves in order to convey certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.

Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees, because those people represent the companies to their customers.

As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can't expect all our customers are.

There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.

（1）Which of the following is the newspaper editor's opinion according to Paragraph 2?

A. People's appearances can messages about themselves.

B. Customers' choices influence dress standards in companies.

C. Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.

D. Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.

（2）What can be inferred from the text?

A. Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.

B. Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.

C. Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.

D. What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.

（3）Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Personal Choices Matter B. Appearances Matter

C. Employees Matter D. Hiring Managers Matter

（4）The author's attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described .

A. negative B. positive C. enthusiastic D. sympathetic

【答案】 （1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了公司职员的着装是否得体不只代表个人还代表公司，而求职者的着装也会影响招聘经理对其的印象。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的 \"A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos(纹身) nose rings, or certain dress styles.\"可知报纸编辑认为有纹身或者鼻环的人也应该被公平对待，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的 \"Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.\" 可知在职场着装不只代表个人形象更代表公司形象，故选D。

（3）考查主旨大意。文章主要讲了公司职员的着装是否得体不只代表个人还代表公司，而求职者的着装也会影响招聘经理对其的印象，由此可知文章的主要内容为着装，故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的\"There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.\"可知，作者认为求职者因为奇装异服而被公司拒绝是很正常的，因为很少会有公司会为求职者改变标准，求职者应该改变自己来符合公司的要求。由此可知作者对奇装异服的态度是负面的，

选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.

On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.

Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them,

but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.

We should embrace our heritage（传统）through our culture's food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.

（1）What's the function of food mentioned in the article?

A. To help motivate homesickness. B. To show national identity.

C. To reflect a country's history. D. To show a community's superiority.

（2）What does the underlined \"it\" in Paragraph2 refer to?

A. The specific traditional food. B. The national culture.

C. A traditional expression of food. D. The old-fashioned taste.

（3）Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant?

A. To attach cultural importance to their dishes.

B. To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.

C. To make the dishes popular among customers.

D. To present their own food culture in a new way.

（4）What's the author's attitude towards different food cultures?

A. Negative. B. Balanced. C. Unfair. D. Unchangeable.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者从食物与文化的关系的角度表达了自己的看法，作者认为传统食物是文化的重要组成部分，它也是一种文化身份的表达，食物是了解文化的窗口。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“It also operates as an expression of

culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness. ”可知文中提到食物是一种文化身份的表达，故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“It also operates as an expression of culture identity.”可知，此句中it代指\"民族文化\"，句意为：移民们把它带到任何地方，它是他们的文化自豪感的象征，也是应对思乡之情的手段。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. ”可知，一些移民不得不改变他们餐馆原有的菜肴是为了迎合不同的顾客。故选C。

（4）考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的“We should embrace our heritage（传统）through our culture's food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. ”可知，我们应该通过我们的文化食物来接受我们的文化遗产，但也应该通过品尝其他文化的食物来了解其他文化，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息的基础上，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。