职称英语理工类A级-60_真题-无答案

职称英语理工类A级-60 (总分100,考试时间90分钟)

第1部分：词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. The conference was hailed as a great success. A. published B. challenged C. acclaimed D. guided

2. Peking is a densely populated area. A. compactly B. inexpensively C. quickly D. carefully 3. These old buildings are gorgeous. A. ridiculous B. lovely C. magnificent D. peculiar 4. The benefits are immense. A. much B. extensive C. little D. enormous

5. The police crept up from behind and took the gangsters by surprise. A. violent criminals B. politicians C. musicians D. industrialists

6. We had only a vague description of the attacker. A. concise B. imprecise C. unpolished D. elementary

7. Tonight\"s live coverage of the hockey (曲棍球) game is very wonderful. A. barrage B. orphanage C. reportage D. usage 8. His breathing was steady. A. regular B. usual C. common D. ordinary

9. The government proposed changes to the voting system. A. stated B. declared C. suggested D. announced

10. The deadly disease has affected these animals. A. contagious B. serious C. fatal D. worrying

11. No civilized country should deem theft lawful.

A. legal B. irresistible C. enjoyable D. profitable

12. I doubt they\"ll be able to help but it\"s worth trying. A. growing B. wrapping C. hiding D. attempting

13. Growing levels of pollution represent a serious health hazard to the local population. A. protection B. indication C. immunity D. danger

14. She omitted to mention that they were staying the night. A. failed B. forgotten C. deleted D. left out 15. I will draft a letter for you. A. clarify B. formulate C. revise D. contribute

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Lifetime Employment in Japanese Companies

In most large **panies, there is a policy of lifetime employment. What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire. In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work. Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off.

One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with **pany and feels strong loyalty to it. By working hard for **pany, he believes he is safeguarding his own future. It is not surprising that devotion to one\"s company is considered a great virtue in Japan. A man is often prepared to put his firm\"s interests before those of his immediate family.

The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work. They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career. This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time. They can afford to take a longer perspective than their western counterparts.

This marriage between the employee and **pany—the consequence of lifetime employment—may explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products **pany is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.

1. Lifetime employment in the **pany perhaps means that the employee can make serious mistakes in work. A. Right B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

2. Family\"s **pany\"s interests are equally important in **pany. A. Right B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

3. In Japan one\"s future is guaranteed through hard work. A. Right B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

4. Lifetime employment influences one\"s career options. A. Right B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

5. The Japanese worker is fond of **pany\"s product because of the close link between him and **pany. A. Right B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

6. All the **pany\"s products have high quality and lower price. A. Right B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

7. The passage mainly discusses how lifetime employment is viewed. A. Right B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

American Families

1 Despite social and economic differences among Americans, many American families have certain characteristics in common. Both the husband and wife were born in the United States, and their forefathers came from Europe. They **pleted high school, and they belong to the middle class. They have a car, a television set, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a telephone, etc. They own their own home and spend about 55% of their income tor housing and food~ Clothing accounts for almost 10% of their income, medical care 6%, transportation 8% and taxes 15%. The rest of their income is used for such items as insurance, savings, gifts, and recreation.

2 Most families consist of a mother, a father, and, at most, two children living at home. There may be relatives—grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins living in the **munity, but American families usually maintain separate households. This family structure is known as the \"nuclear family\". It is unusual for members of the family other than the husband, wife, and children to live together.

3 Marriage in the United States is considered a matter of individual responsibility and decision.

Young people frequently fall in love and marry even if their parents disagree. American marriages are usually based on romantic love, rather than on social class, education, or religion.

4 After their marriage the young couple is free to decide where to live and when to start a family. Most young couples set up their own household immediately. In the early 1970s only 15% of all married couples were not living on their own—independently and by themselves. Most married people practise some kind of birth control. They plan the number of children they are going to have and when their children will be born. The practice of limiting the size of families has general approval. The birth rate has been declining steadily in recent years. 1. Paragraph 1 ______ A. Post-marriage Life

B. The Birth Rate in the Early 1970s

C. Usual Family Structure of American Families D. Features in Common in Many American Families E. Marriage Concept in the USA

F. In Marriages Usually Romantic Love Is as Important as Social Class, Education, or Religion 2. Paragraph 2 ______ 3. Paragraph 3 ______ 4. Paragraph 4 ______

5. There are among many American families ______. A. live with their parents B. their own decisions

C. most American families are usually small D. the family structure E. some similar features F. has been dropping

6. Young Americans make on marriage ______. 7. Most married couple don\"t ______.

8. The birth rate over the last few years ______.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

Rockets in the Sky

If someone asked you, \"What color is the sky?\" I expect that you would answer, \"Blue.\" I am afraid that you would be wrong. The sky has no color. When we see blue, we are looking at blue sunlight. The sunlight is shining on little bits of dust in the air.

We know that there is air all around the world. We could not breathe without air. Airplanes could not fly without air. They need air to lift their wings. Airplanes cannot fly very high because as they go higher the air gets thinner. If we go far enough away from the earth, we find there is no air. What is the sky? The sky is space. In this space there is nothing except the sun, the moon and all

the stars.

Scientists have always wanted to know more about the other worlds in the space. They have looked at them through telescopes and in this way they have found out a great deal. The moon is about 384,000 kilometers away from the earth. An airplane cann\"t fly to the moon but there is a thing that can fly even when there is no air. This is rocket.

I am sure that you are asking, \"How does a rocket fly?\" If you want to know, get a balloon and then blow it up until it is quite big. Do not tie up the neck of the balloon. Let go! The balloon will fly off through the air very quickly. The air inside the balloon tries to get out. It rushes out through the neck of the balloon and this pushes the balloon through the air. It does not need wings like an airplane.

This is how a rocket works. It is not made of rubber (橡胶) like a balloon, of course. It is made of metal. The metal must not be heavy but it must be very strong. There is gas inside the rocket which is made very hot. When it rushes out of the end of the rocket, the rocket is pushed up into the air.

Rockets can fly far out into space. Rockets with men inside them have already reached the moon. Several rockets, without men inside them, have been sent to other worlds much farther away. One day rockets may be able to go anywhere in the space. 1. What color is the sky? A. It is blue. B. It is white. C. It is grey. D. It has no color.

2. When an airplane flies too high, ______. A. the air will be too thin to support its wings B. the air will become thicker C. the air will exert pressure on it D. the air will disappear in no time

3. A rocket can fly to the moon because ______. A. it looks like a balloon

B. it is much lighter than an airplane C. it doesn\"t have wings

D. it works like an untied balloon

4. Which of the following statements about a rocket is NOT true? A. It can fly when there is no air. B. It can fly without wings. C. It is made of strong metal.

D. It is propelled by burning gas inside it.

5. A rocket is pushed up into the air when ______. A. hot gas rushes out of its head B. it is powered by gas

C. hot gas rushes out of its bottom D. hot gas rushes out of its neck

第二篇

Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?

In the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have **pletely unthinkable: Can buildings be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts (爆炸) inflicted by terrorists?

Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, structural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) headquartered (总部在某地) at UB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation. Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance (事先考查) visit, they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged but still are standing.

\"Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that are still standing, but that sustained damage,\" said M. Bruneau, Ph.D. \"Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing, while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks,\" he added.

Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling (惊人的) detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building a block away from the towers remains standing, but was badly damaged. \"This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building,\" explained A. Whittaker, Ph. D. \"The column became a missile that shot across the road, through the window and through the floor.\"

The visit to the area also revealed some surprises, according to the engineers. For example, the floor framing system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged, allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact. \"Highly redundant ductile (有延展性的) framing systems may provide a simple, but robust strategy for blast resistance,\" he added. Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails. \"We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse,\" said A. Whittaker. \"We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it.\"

A. Reinhorn, Ph. D. noted that \"Earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past. It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in **ponents. Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present.\" 1. The question raised in the first paragraph is one ______. A. that was asked by structural engineers a month ago

B. that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even now C. that was never imagined before the terrorist attack D. that terrorists are eager to find a solution to

2. The project funded by the National Science Foundation ______. A. was first proposed by some engineers at UB B. took about two days to complete

C. was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attack

D. was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts 3. The column mentioned by Dr. Whittaker ______.

A. was part of the building close to the World Trade Center B. was part of the World Trade Center

C. was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade Center D. damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the World Trade Center

4. A surprising discovery made by the investigators during their visit to ground zero is that ______.

A. floors in the adjacent building remain undamaged

B. some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosion C. simple floor framing systems are more blast resistant

D. floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris

5. What Dr. Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT that ______. A. blast engineers should develop new solutions for terrorist-resistant design

B. blast engineering can borrow technologies developed for earthquake-resistant design

C. solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may apply to terrorist-resistant design D. blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science

第三篇

The Exploding Lakes of Cameroon

**es to mind when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene with blue water, birds, and fish. For the people in the northwestern Cameroon, however, the image is very different. For them, lakes may mean terrible disasters. In 1984, poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages, killing thirty-seven people. Two years later, Lake Nyos erupted. A cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people.

Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater (火山口) lakes. They were formed when water collected in the craters of old volcanoes. The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are not active anymore. However, poisonous gases from the center of the earth continue to flow up through cracks in the bottom of the lake. This is normal in a crater lake. In most crater lakes, these gases are released often because the water \"turns over\" regularly. That is, the water from the bottom of the lake rises and mixes with the water at the top, allowing the gases to escape slowly.

However, in Lakes Nyos and Monoun, there is no regular turning over. No one knows the reason for this fact, but as a result, these lakes have more gases trapped at the bottom than other crater lakes. In fact, scientists who have studied Lakes Nyos and Monoun have found 16,000 times more gases. When a strong wind, cool weather, a storm, or a landslide (滑坡) causes the water to turn over suddenly, the gases escape in a violent explosion.

In the past, no one knew when the gases might explode, so there was no way for the villagers to escape disaster. Now scientists from the United States, France, and Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake Nyos. They stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake, with one end of the pipe near the bottom and the other end in the air. Near the top of the pipe, the team put several holes that could be opened or closed by a computer. Now,

when the gas pressure gets too high, the holes are opened and some of the gas-filled water shoots up through the pipe into the air like a fountain. With less pressure, a disastrous explosion is much less likely. However, the scientists are not sure that one pipe will be enough to prevent explosions. They hope to put in others soon and they plan to install a similar pipe and a computer system at Lake Monoun as well.

To protect people nearby until all of the pipes are in place, the scientists have installed early warning systems at both lakes. If the gas pressure rises to a dangerous level, computers will set off loud sirens (警报) and bright lights to warn the people in the villages. In that way, they will have time to escape from the dangerous gases.

1. What will happen when Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode? A. Water will flow down the hills.

B. Poisonous gases will be released suddenly. C. A strong wind will rise from the lakes. D. The volcanoes **e to life.

2. Which of the following statements about Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun is true? A. They were formed in 1984.

B. They are at the top of two active volcanoes. C. They are not like most other crater lakes. D. Water in them turns over regularly.

3. Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode because ______. A. the gases rise to the top and mix with air B. people from the villages turn over the water C. scientists have put in a computer system

D. they have more gases trapped at the bottom than other crater lakes 4. A team of scientists has ______.

A. erected a pressure-releasing pipe in the lake B. identified the gases at the bottom of the lake C. built a beautiful fountain near the lakes D. removed all dangerous gases from the lakes 5. What do we learn from the last paragraph?

A. Scientists are planning to install pipes in all crater lakes. B. Scientists still do not know how to prevent gas explosions. C. Explosion disasters could be avoided in the future.

D. Warning systems have been set up in the villages nearby.

第5部分：补全短文

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

Price Planning

A price represents the value of goods or service for both the seller and the buyer. Price planning is the systematic decision made by an organization after regarding all aspects of pricing.

The value of goods or service can involve both tangible and intangible marketing factors. An

example of a tangible marketing factor is the cost savings 1 . An example of an intangible marketing factor is a consumer\"s pride in the ownership of a Lamborghini rather than another brand of automobile. To make a deal, both the buyer and seller must feel that the price of goods or service provides an equitable value. To the buyer, the payment of a price reduces purchasing power 2 . To the seller, receipt of a price is a source of revenue and an important determinant of sales and profit levels.

Many words are substitutes for the term price: admission fee, membership fee, rate, tuition, service charge, donation, rent, salary, interest, retainer, and assessment. No matter what it is called, 3 : monetary and non-monetary charges, discounts, handling and shipping fees, credit charges and other forms of interest, and late-payment penalties. A non-price exchange would be selling a new iron for 10 books of trading stamps or an airline offering tickets as payment for advertising space and time. Monetary and non-monetary exchange may be combined. This is common with automobiles, 4 . **bination allows a reduction in the monetary price.

From a broader perspective, price is the mechanism for allocating goods and services among potential purchasers and for **petition among sellers in an open market economy. If there is an excess of demand over supply, prices are usually bid up by consumers. If there is an excess of supply over demand, 5 .

A. a price contains all the connotation of other terms of purchase

B. obtained by the purchase of a new bottling machine by a soda manufacturer C. where the consumer gives the seller money plus a trade-in D. available for other items

E. prices are usually reduced by sellers

F. price means what one pays for what he wants 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

第6部分：完形填空

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

The Greatest Mystery of Whales

The whale is a warm-blooded, air-breathing animal, giving birth to its young alive, sucking them—and, like all mammals, originated on land. There are many 1 of this. Its front flippers (鳍状肢), used for steering and stability, are traces of feet.

Immense strength is 2 into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a whale\"s body is one gigantic muscle. The blue whale\"s pulling strength has been estimated 3 400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed (拖) a whaling vessel for seven hours at the 4 of eight knot (节).

An angry whale will 5 . A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex, 6 was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently, steel ships have 7 their plates buckled (使弯曲) in the same way. Sperm whales (抹香鲸) were known to seize the

old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.

The greatest 8 of whales is their diving ability. The sperm whale dives to the bottom for his 9 food, the octopus (章鱼). In that search he is known to go as far down as 3,200 feet, where the 10 is 1,400 pounds to a square inch. Doing so he will 11 underwater as long as one hour. Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough 12 (all whales are air-breathed)and tolerating the great change in pressure. Just how he does it scientists have not 13 . It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special 14 of blood vessels, rather than just held in the lungs. And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of a compensating mechanism that 15 adjusts the internal pressure of his body. But since you can\"t bring a live whale into the laboratory for study, no one knows just how these things work. 1.

A. aspects B. signs C. ways D. reasons 2.

A. worked B. divided C. built D. moved 3.

A. at B. in C. of D. with 4.

A. number B. degree C. distance D. rate 5.

A. abandon B. attack C. leave D. board 6.

A. as B. who C. which D. that 7.

A. had B. operated C. seen D. caught 8.

A. interest B. job C. danger D. mystery 9.

A. favorite B. fast C. new D. sufficient 10.

A. depth B. pressure C. level D. size 11.

A. set B. become C. remain D. rest 12.

A. heat B. energy C. food D. oxygen 13.

A. witnessed B. determined C. applied D. calculated 14.

A. system B. place C. arrangement D. equipment 15.

A. mentally B. artificially C. manually D. automatically