教学案二：反意疑问句

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反意疑问句

一．反意疑问句的概念：

英语中，反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成，又称附加疑问句。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起证实作用，一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点，属于疑问句的一种。二．反意疑问句的结构：

“肯定陈述＋否定疑问”或“否定陈述＋肯定疑问”，即“前否后肯，前肯后否”，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。

You haven’t been to Beijing, have you? / Uncle Wang is coming tonight, isn’t he? 三．反意疑问句的回答：

如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，翻译为“不”，后面用肯定结构；如果事实是否定的，就要用no，翻译为“是的”，后面用否定结构。不可以用Yes,.....not.或者 No,+ 肯定的。 ---His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? ---Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 四．反意疑问句的语调：

反意疑问句的陈述部分用降调，附加疑问部分用升调或降调。对陈述部分把握比较大时用降调，把握不大时用升调。五．反意疑问句的运用：

1. 当陈述句的主语是名词时，反意疑问句的主语要用人称来代替。 Your mother has gone to the library, hasn’t she?

2. 当陈述句的主语是I am 时，反意疑问句要用 aren't I；是I’m not 时，用 am I 。 I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I? / I’m not doing well, am I?

3. 当陈述句的主语是指示代词this或that时，反意疑问句的主语用it，当陈述句的主语是指示代词these或those时，反意疑问句的主语用they。 This is a plane, isn't it? / These are grapes，aren't they?

4. 当陈述句的主语是不定代词everybody, everyone, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none等时，反意疑问句的主语常用复数they，有时也用单数he。 Everyone knows the answer, don't they / doesn’t he? Nobody knows about it, do they / does he?

5．当陈述句的主语是人称代词one时，正式文体中，反意疑问句的主语为one，非正式文体中用you。

One must be honest, mustn’t one? / One can’t be sure, can you?

6. 当陈述句的谓语是wish，反意疑问句要用may +主语，不可以用may not + 主语。 I wish to have a word with you, may I? / I wish to go home, may I? 7. 当陈述句的谓语是have时, 反意疑问句分三种情况：

(1) have表示“有”时，反意疑问句用haven’t 或don’t+主语的相应形式。 You have a nice house, haven’t / don’t you?

His brother has a new book, hasn’t he / doesn’t he?

(2) have 表示“经历，遭受，得到，吃”等实义动词时，反意疑问句用don’t的相应形式。 You often have headaches, don’t you?

(3) have表示“已经”时，反意疑问句用haven’t的相应形式。 He has finished his homework, hasn’t he?

8. 当陈述句的谓语是be动词或情态动词时，反意疑问句用“be动词/ 情态动词+主语”的结

构；是行为动词时，用“助动词+主语”的结构。

Lucy can’t swim, can she? / Jim saw Kate in the street , didn’t he?

9. 当陈述句的谓语是ought to时，反意疑问句用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语，正式文体用should/ought +主语+not形式。

We ought to try it again, shouldn’t / oughtn’t we?

He ought to know what to do, shouldn't he / oughtn't he ?

10.当陈述句的谓语是used to时，反意疑问句用usedn’t + 主语或didn’t + 主语。 The Smiths used to live in the countryside, usedn’t / didn’t they? He didn’t use/used to tell lies, did he?

11. 当陈述句的谓语是have to / had to 时，反意疑问句用don't +主语 / didn't +主语。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?

12. 当陈述句的谓语是had better时，反意疑问句用hadn't +主语或shouldn’t + 主语。 You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you / shouldn’t you?

13. 当陈述句的谓语动词时would rather或would like to 时，反意疑问句用wouldn’t + 主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn’t he? You would like to go to bed earlier, wouldn’t you?

14. 当陈述句的谓语是dare或need时，反意疑问句分两种情况：

(1) dare, need 作情态动词时，反意疑问句用daren’t +主语或needn’t + 主语。 We need not do it again, need we? / He dare not say so, dare he?

(2)dare, need 作实义动词时，反意疑问句用助动词don’t / doesn’t / didn’t + 主语。 She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

15. 当陈述句的谓语是must 时，分四种情况：

A．must表示“应该”，反意疑问句用mustn't（不应该）+主语，如： You must work hard next term, mustn't you ?

B．must表示“必须”，反意疑问句用needn't（不必）+主语，如： They must finish the work today, needn’t they?

C．mustn't表示禁止时，反意疑问句用must+主语或may+主语，如： You mustn’t stop your car here, must you / may you? You mustn’t smoke here, must you / may you?

D．must表示推测，理解为“一定”，反意疑问部分必须与must 后面的主要动词相呼应。 ①对现在动作或存在的情况的推测：

You must know the answer to the exercise, don't you? / That must be your bed, isn't it? ②对过去发生的动作或存在的情况的推测： a 表示肯定推测：陈述句中没有表示过去的时间状语，反意疑问句的动词就用现在完成时，haven’t / hasn’t + 主语。陈述句中有表示过去的时间状语，反意疑问句的动词就用一般过去时，didn’t + 主语。

You must have told her about it, haven’t you? / She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she?

b 表示否定推测：否定式不是must not，而是can't ，理解为不可能。 He can't have been to your home, can he?

16. 当陈述句的谓语有no, not, nowhere, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如果陈述句的谓语有带前缀或后缀的否定词，反意疑问句依然用否定结构。例如：

He seldom pays more attention to his pronunciation, does he?

He hardly knows anything about computer, does he? It is unfair, isn't it? / He was unsuccessful, wasn’t he?

17. 当陈述句是主从复合句或并列复合句时，反意疑问句分三种情况： a. 并列复合句的疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。

Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he? b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分的谓语根据主句的谓语而定： He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he? / He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?

c. 当陈述句是“I (we) +think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等+ 宾语从句”时，反意疑问句与从句的主谓保持一致，并注意否定转移。当陈述句是“非第一人称+ think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等+ 宾语从句”时，反意疑问句与主句的主谓保持一致 I don't think he is bright, is he? / We believe she can do it better, can't she? 18. 当陈述句是祈使句时，反意疑问句分四种情况：

(1) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句用will you /would you / can you。 Go with me, will you? / Please open the window, would you?

(2) 以Let's 开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用shall we / shan't we；以Let us 开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you / won’t you；以Let me开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you / may I。 Let's go and listen to the music, shall we / shan't we?

Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you /won't you? Let me help you, will you / may I?

(3) 否定形式的祈使句，反意疑问句只能用will you。 Don't do that again, will you? / Don’t make noise, will you?

(4) 表示“邀请，请求”时，反意疑问句用will you；表示“提醒，劝说”时，反意疑问句用won’t you。

Be sure to write to us, will you? / Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you?

19. 当陈述句是由so开头，译为“这么说来”时，反意疑问句采用同向疑问，即肯定的陈述句用肯定的疑问句，否定的陈述句用否定的问句，表示惊讶，不满的情绪。 So you have seen the film, have you? / So he has not been to Beijing , hasn't he? 20. 当陈述句是表示存在的there be结构时，反意疑问句用be not + there。 There isn’t a book on the table, is there?

There’s something wrong with my computer, isn’t there? There are some bananas in the basket, aren’t there?

21. 当陈述句是由and, but, or, for, so等并列连词连接的并列句时，反意疑问句与最后一个分句保持一致，对最后一个分句进行反问。当both… and…作并列主语时，谓语动词只能用复数。当neither… nor, either… or 作并列主语时，反意疑问句要根据实际逻辑意义而定。 He was a lazy boy and he didn’t pass the exam, did he? He is a doctor but his wife is a teacher, isn’t she? Both the pen and the police are broken, aren’t they? Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

22. 当陈述句是主语从句，不定式短语，动名词短语时，反意疑问句的主语用it。 That he didn’t pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry, didn’t it? What you need is more practice, isn’t it? Walking is good for our health, isn’t it?

23. 感叹句的反意疑问句用be动词的一般现在时态+ 主语。 What a foolish child ( he is ), isn’t he?