雅思(阅读)模拟试卷101(题后含答案及解析)

雅思（阅读）模拟试卷101 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Reading Module

Reading Module (60 minutes)

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. The Extraordinary Watkin TenchAt the end of 18th century, life for the average British citizen was changing. The population grew as health and industrialisation took hold of the country. However, land and resources were limited. Families could not guarantee jobs for all of their children. People who were poor or destitute had little option. To make things worse, the rate of people who turned to crime to make a living increased. In Britain, the prisons were no longer large enough to hold the convicted people of this growing criminal class. Many towns and governments were at a loss as to what to do. However, another phenomenon that was happening in the 18th century was exploration of other continents. There were many ships looking for crew members who would risk a month-long voyage across a vast ocean. This job was risky and dangerous, so few would willingly choose it. However, with so many citizens without jobs or with criminal convictions, they had little choice. One such member of this new lower class of British citizens was named Watkin Tench. Between 1788 and 1868, approximately 161,700 convicts were transported to the Australian colonies of New South Wales, Van Diemen’s land and Western Australia. Tench was one of these unlucky convicts to sign onto a dangerous journey. When his ship set out in 1788, he signed a three years’ service to the First Fleet.Apart from his years in Australia, people knew little about his life back in Britain. It was said he was born on 6 October 1758 at Chester in the county of Cheshire in England. He came from a decent background. Tench was a son of Fisher Tench, a dancing master who ran a boarding school in the town and Margaritta Tarleton of the Liverpool Tarletons. He grew up around a finer class of British citizens, and his family helped instruct the children of the wealthy in formal dance lessons. Though we don’t know for sure how Tench was educated in this small British town, we do know that he is well educated. His diaries from his travels to Australia are written in excellent English, a skill that not everyone was lucky to possess in the 18th century. Aside from this, we know little of Tench’s beginnings. We don’t know how he ended up convicted of a crime. But after he started his voyage, his life changed dramatically.During the voyage, which was harsh and took many months, Tench described landscape of different places. While sailing to Australia, Tench saw landscapes that were unfamiliar and new to him. Arriving in Australia, the entire crew was uncertain of what was to come in their new life. When they arrived in Australia, they established a British colony. Governor Philip was vested with complete authority over the inhabitants of the colony. Though still a young man, Philip was enlightened for his age. From stories of other British colonies, Philip learnt that conflict with the original peoples of the land was often a source of strife and difficulties. To avoid this, Philip’s personal intent was to establish

harmonious relations with local Aboriginal people. But Philip’s job was even more difficult considering his crew. Other colonies were established with middle-class merchants and craftsmen. His crew were convicts, who had few other skills outside of their criminal histories. Along with making peace with the Aboriginal people, Philip also had to try to reform as well as discipline the convicts of the colony.From the beginning, Tench stood out as different from the other convicts. During his initial time in Australia, he quickly rose in his rank, and was given extra power and responsibility over the convicted crew members. However, he was also still very different from the upper-class rulers who came to rule over the crew. He showed humanity towards the convicted workers. He didn’t want to treat them as common criminals, but as trained military men. Under Tench’s authority, he released the convicts’ chains which were used to control them during the voyage. Tench also showed mercy towards the Aboriginal people. Governor Philip often pursued violent solutions to conflicts with the Aboriginal peoples. Tench disagreed strongly with this method. At one point, he was unable to follow the order given by the Governor Philip to punish the ten Aboriginals.When they first arrived, Tench was fearful and contemptuous towards the Aboriginals, because the two cultures did not understand each other. However, gradually he got to know them individually and became close friends with them. Tench knew that the Aboriginal people would not cause them conflict if they looked for a peaceful solution. Though there continued to be conflict and violence, Tench’s efforts helped establish a more peaceful negotiation between the two groups when they settled territory and land-use issues.Meanwhile, many changes were made to the new colony. The Hawkesbury River was named by Governor Philip in June 17. Many native bird species to the river were hunted by travelling colonists. The colonists were having a great impact on the land and natural resources. Though the colonists had made a lot of progress in the untamed lands of Australia, there were still limits. The convicts were notoriously ill-informed about Australian geography, as was evident in the attempt by twenty absconders to walk from Sydney to China in 1791, believing: “China might be easily reached, being not more than a hundred miles distant, and separated only by a river.” In reality, miles of ocean separated the two.Much of Australia was unexplored by the convicts. Even Tench had little understanding of what existed beyond the established lines of their colony. Slowly, but surely, the colonists expanded into the surrounding area. A few days after arrival at Botany Bay, their original location, the fleet moved to the more suitable Port Jackson where a settlement was established at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788. This second location was strange and unfamiliar, and the fleet was on alert for any kind of suspicious behaviors. Though Tench had made friends in Botany Bay with Aboriginal peoples, he could not be sure this new land would be uninhabited. He recalled the first time he stepped into this unfamiliar ground with a boy who helped Tench navigate. In these new lands, he met an old Aboriginal.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-6 on you answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts with the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.

1． There was a great deal of information available about the life of Tench before he arrived in Australia.

A．TRUE B．FALSE

C．NOT GIVEN

正确答案：B

解析：题干说：在瓦金-坦奇到达澳大利亚之前，有大量关于他的生平信息。根据题干 地名“Australia”定位到原文第2段第1句“Apart from his years in Australia，people knew little about his life back in Britain．”这句是说除了他在澳大利亚的那些年，人们 对他过去在英国的生活知之甚少。注意这里“back”表示“以前，过去”，显然题干 与其相悖。因此，本题的答案为False。

2． Tench drew pictures to illustrate different places during the voyage. A．TRUE B．FALSE

C．NOT GIVEN

正确答案：C

解析：题干说：瓦金-坦奇在去澳大利亚的途中通过画画记录不同地点。根据题干关键信 息“during the voyage”定位到原文第3段开头“During the voyage，which was harsh and took many months，Tench described landscape of different places．”这句只说了他有 对沿途风景进行描述，但并未提及画画。因此，本题的答案为Not Given。

3． Military personnel in New South Wales treated convicts kindly. A．TRUE B．FALSE

C．NOT GIVEN

正确答案：A 解析：题干说：新南威尔士的人员对待罪犯很友好。首先要了解“military personnel in New South Wales”是由“Governor Philip”领导的，其下可能有数名管理者，瓦金-坦 奇后来成为其中的一名。对于其他统治者的管理方式以及Philip总督解决与原住民冲 突的手段，坦奇持相反态度。根据题干关键信息“treated convicts kindly”定位到原 文第4段“He showed humanity towards the convicted workers．Under Tench’s authority, he released the convicts’chains which were used to control them during the voyage．”这 句是说他展示了人道主义，卸下了所有犯人的链子，也就是说他们对犯人是很好的。 因此，本题的答案为True。

4． Tench’s view towards the Aboriginals remained unchanged during his time in Australia.

A．TRUE

B．FALSE

C．NOT GIVEN

正确答案：B

解析：题干说：瓦金-坦奇对澳大利亚土著人的看法没有改变。根据关键信息“towards the Aboriginals”定位到文章第5段“When they first arrived，Tenth was fearful and con temptuous towards the Aboriginals，because the two cultures did not understand each other． However,gradually he got to know them individually and became close friends with them．” 这句是说他刚接触当地人时是恐惧和轻蔑的，而后认识了他们每一个人，并且尊重 他们，可以看出前后态度的变化。因此，本题的答案为False。

5． An Aboriginal gave him gifts of food at the first time they met. A．TRUE B．FALSE

C．NOT GIVEN

正确答案：C

解析：题干说：澳大利亚土著人在和他第一次见面时赠予了食物。根据顺序原则，考生可 以继续读完第5段，文中并没有提及礼物或食物。因此，本题的答案为Not Given。

6． The convicts had a good knowledge of Australian geography. A．TRUE B．FALSE

C．NOT GIVEN

正确答案：B 解析：题干说：犯人对澳大利亚的地理非常了解。根据题干关键词“Australian geography” 定位到原文第6段“The convicts were notoriously ill-informed about Australian geog raphy,as is evident in the attempt by twenty absconders to walk from Sydney to China in 1791．”这句话，这里“ill-informed”的含义是了解得非常少。因此，本题的答案为 False。

Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.

7． What could be a concrete proof of Tench’s good education?

正确答案：His diaries.

解析：题干问：什么能具体证明坦奇接受了良好的教育?根据题干关键词“good education” 可定位到原文第2段“Though we don’t know for sure…that he

is well educated”，这里 “will educated”与题干“good education”为同义替换。该段对坦奇的家庭出生做了一些 说明，随后出现前一句的补充“His diaries from his travels to Australia are written in excellent English，a skill that not everyone was lucky to possess in the 18th century．”可以 看出他的日记体现了他接受了良好的教育。因此，本题的答案为His diaries。

8． How many years did Tench sign the contract to the First Fleet?

正确答案：3/Three years.

解析：题干问：坦奇与“第一舰队”签了几年的合同?根据题干关键词“the First Fleet” 定位到原文第1段最后一句话“When his ship set out in 1788，he signed a three years’ service to the First Fleet．”因此，本题的答案为3／Three years。

9． What was used to control convicts during the voyage?

正确答案：Chains.

解析：题干问：在途中用什么来控制犯人?根据题干关键信息“control convicts”可定位到 原文第4段“Under Tench’s authority,he released the convicts’chains which were used to control them during the voyage．”因此，本题的答案为Chains。

10． Who gave the order to punish the Aboriginals?

正确答案：Governor Philip.

解析：题干问：谁下的命令来惩罚澳大利亚土著人?根据题干关键信息“punish the Aborig inals”可定位到第4段最后一句“At one point，he was unable to follow the order given by the Governor Philip to punish the ten Aboriginals．”因此，本题的答案为Governor Philip。

11． When did the name of Hawkesbury River come into being?

正确答案：June 17.

解析：题干问：霍克斯堡河是何时命名的?根据题干专有名词“Hawkesbury River”提示， 定位到原文第6段第2句“The Hawkesbury River was named by Governor Philip in June 17．”因此，本题的答案为June 17。

12． Where did the escaped convicts plan to go?

正确答案：China.

解析：题干问：逃亡的犯人打算去哪里?继续阅读原文第6段，该段随后提到“The convicts were notoriously ill-informed about Australian geography,as was evident in the attempt by twenty absconders to walk from Sydney to China in 1791．”可以得出这些犯人 的目的地为中国。因此，本题的答案为China。

13． Where did Tench first meet an old Aboriginal?

正确答案：Botany Bay.

解析：题干问：坦奇在哪里最先遇到一名澳大利亚土著老人?根据题干关键信息“an old Aboriginal”定位到文章最后一段最后一句“In these new lands，he met an old Aborigi nal．”，往回读找到“Though Tench had made friends in Botany Bay with Aboriginal peoples，he could not be sure this new land would be uninhabited．”大概是说，他是在“this new land”遇到的这位土著老人，这个地方为“Botany Bay”。因此，本题的答案为 Botany Bay。

Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Unsuccessful deceitii Biological basis between liars and artistsiii How to lie in an artistic wayiv Confabulations and the exemplifiersv The distinction between artists and common liarsvi The fine line between liars and artistsvii The definition of confabulationviii Creativity when people lie Are Artists Liars?A Shortly before his death, Marlon Brando was working on a series of instructional videos about acting, to be called “Lying for a Living”. On the surviving footage, Brando can be seen dispensing gnomic advice on his craft to a group of enthusiastic, if somewhat bemused, Hollywood stars, including Leonardo Di Caprio and Sean Penn. Brando also recruited random people from the Los Angeles street and persuaded them to improvise (the footage is said to include a memorable scene featuring two dwarves and a giant Samoan). “If you can lie, you can act,” Brando told Jod Kaftan, a writer for Rolling Stone and one of the few people to have viewed the footage. “Are you good at lying?” asked Kaftan. “Jesus,” said Brando, “I’m fabulous at it”B Brando was not the first person to note that the line between an artist and a liar is a fine one. If art is a kind of lying, then lying is a form of art, albeit of a lower order—as Oscar Wilde and Mark Twain have observed. Indeed, lying and artistic storytelling spring from a common neurological root—one that is exposed in the cases of psychiatric patients who suffer from a particular kind of impairment. Both liars and artists refuse to accept the tyranny of reality. Both carefully craft stories that are worthy of belief—a skill requiring intellectual sophistication, emotional sensitivity and physical self-control (liars are writers and performers of then-own work). Such parallels are hardly coincidental, as I discovered while researching my book on lying.C A case study published in 1985 by Antonio Damasio, a neurologist, tells the story of a middle-aged woman with brain damage caused by a series of strokes. She retained cognitive abilities, including coherent speech, but what she actually said was rather unpredictable. Checking her knowledge of contemporary events, Damasio asked her about the Falklands War. In the language of psychiatry, this woman was “confabulating”. Chronic confabulation is a rare type of memory problem that affects a small proportion of braindamaged people. In the literature it is defined as “the production of fabricated, distorted or misinterpreted memories about oneself or the world, without the conscious intention to deceive”. Whereas amnesiacs make errors of omission—there are gaps in their recollections they find impossible to fill—

confabulators make errors of commission: they make things up. Rather than forgetting, they are inventing. Confabulating patients are nearly always oblivious to their own condition, and will earnestly give absurdly implausible explanations of why they’re in hospital, or talking to a doctor. One patient, asked about his surgical scar, explained that during the Second World War he surprised a teenage girl who shot him three times m the head, killing him, only for surgery to bring him back to life. The same patient, when asked about his family, described how at various times they had died in his arms, or had been killed before his eyes. Others tell yet more fantastical tales, about trips to the moon, fighting alongside Alexander in India or seeing Jesus on the Cross. Confabulators aren’t out to deceive. They engage in what Morris Moscovitch, a neuropsychologist, calls “honest lying”. Uncertain, and obscurely distressed by their uncertainty, they are seized by a “compulsion to narrate” : a deep-seated need to shape, order and explain what they do not understand. Chronic confabulators are often highly inventive at the verbal level, jamming together words in nonsensical but suggestive ways: one patient, when asked what happened to Queen Marie Antoinette of France, answered that she had been “suicided” by her family. In a sense, these patients are like novelists, as described by Henry James: people on whom “nothing is wasted”. Unlike writers, however, they have little or no control over their own material.D The wider significance of this condition is what it tells us about ourselves. Evidently there is a gushing river of verbal creativity in the normal human mind, from which both artistic invention and lying are drawn. We are bom storytellers, spinning narrative out of our experience and imagination, straining against the leash that keeps us tethered to reality. This is a wonderful thing; it is what gives us our ability to conceive of alternative futures and different worlds. And it helps us to understand our own lives through the entertaining stories of others. But it can lead us into trouble, particularly when we try to persuade others that our inventions are real. Most of the time, as our stories bubble up to consciousness, we exercise our cerebral censors, controlling which stories we tell, and to whom. Yet people lie for all sorts of reasons, including the fact that confabulating can be dangerously fun.E During a now-famous libel case in 1996, Jonathan Aitken, a former cabinet minister, recounted a tale to illustrate the horrors he endured after a national newspaper tainted his name. The case, which stretched on for more than two years, involved a scries of claims made by the Guardian about Aitken’s relationships with Saudi arms dealers, including meetings he allegedly held with them on a trip to Paris while he was a government minister. What amazed many in hindsight was the sheer superfluity of the lies Aitken told during his testimony. Aitken’s case collapsed in June 1997, when the defence finally found indisputable evidence about his Paris trip. Until then, Aitken’s charm, fluency and flair for theatrical displays of sincerity looked as if they might bring him victory. They revealed that not only was Aitken’s daughter not with him that day (when he was indeed doorstepped), but also that the minister had simply got into his car and drove off, with no vehicle in pursuit.F Of course, unlike Aitken, actors, playwrights and novelists arc not literally attempting to deceive us, because the rules are laid out in advance: come to the theatre, or open this book, and we’ll lie to you. Perhaps this is why we felt it necessary to invent art in the first place: as a safe space into which our

lies can be corralled, and channeled into something socially useful. Given the universal compulsion to tell stories, art is the best way to refine and enjoy the particularly outlandish or insightful ones. But that is not the whole story. The key way in which artistic “lies” differ from normal lies, and from the “honest lying” of chronic confabulators, is that they have a meaning and resonance beyond their creator. The liar lies on behalf of himself; the artist tell lies on behalf of everyone. If writers have a compulsion to narrate, they compel themselves to find insights about the human condition. Mario Vargas Llosa has written that novels “express a curious truth that can only be expressed in a furtive and veiled fashion, masquerading as what it is not. “ Art is a lie whose secret ingredient is truth.

14． Paragraph A

正确答案：vi 解析：Paragraph A：该段作者运用马龙-白兰度(Marion Brando)的例子说明了艺术家与 说谎者之间微妙的相同点，在B段的开头作者复述了这种微妙关系，可以得出本段 大意为艺术家和说谎者之间的微妙的相同点，为选项所说的“fine line”。因此，本题 的答案为vi。

15． Paragraph B

正确答案：ii

解析：Paragraph B：该段的关键句为“Indeed，lying and artistic storytelling spring from a common neurological root—one that is exposed in the cases of psychiatric patients who suffer from a particular kind of impairment．”作者从生理的角度分析了艺术家和说谎者 之间的关系。因此，本题的答案为ii。

16． Paragraph C

正确答案：iv

解析：Paragraph C：该段的重点词很明显，即“confabulation”。有两个选项iv和vii提到 了这个词，但是vii只说到了对“confabulation”的定义，诚然第3段对“confabulation” 做了界定，但是它远不止如此，还举例说明了“confabulation”患者的具体行为。因此， 本题的答案为iv。

17． Paragraph D

正确答案：viii

解析：Paragraph D：该段基于C段对“confabulation”的探讨，反思回来提到了“Evidently there is a gushing river of verbal creativity in the normal human mind，from which both artistic invention and lying are drawn．”这句是说人们在说谎时体现出巨大的创造性。 因此，本题的答案为viii。

18． Paragraph E

正确答案：i

解析：Paragraph E：该段讲到了一个著名的诽谤案例并最终被澄清，与选项所说的“unsuc cessful deceit”一致。因此，本题的答案为i。

19． Paragraph F

正确答案：v

解析：Paragraph F：该段作者主要讨论了说谎者与艺术家之间的差别：艺术家告诉大家他 们要撒谎了，其根本因素是事实，而说谎者却代表个体。这与选项所说的“distinction” 一致。因此，本题的答案为v。

Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 20 and 21 on your answer sheet.Which TWO of the following statements about people suffering from confabulation are true?A They have lost cognitive abilities.B They do not deliberately tell a lie.C They are normally aware of their condition.D They do not have the impetus to explain what they do not understand.E They try to make up stories.

20． A． B． C． D． E．

正确答案：B

解析：根据C段“She retained cognitive abilities，including coherent speech”这一句，即“保有认知能力”，可排除A选项。根据“Confabulators aren’t out to deceive．They engage in what Morris Moscovitch，a neuropsychologist，calls‘honest lying’”，这句是说这些患者不是故意要欺骗，而是一种“诚实的欺骗”，与B项内容相符。此外，该段还提到“Confabulating patients are nearly always oblivious to their own condition，and will earnestly give absurdly implausible explanations of why they’re in hospital，or talking to a doctor”，这里oblivious是“健忘”之意，也就是说这些病人基本上不记得他们现在的状况，C项与此不符可排除。根据“Uncertain，and obscurely distressed by their uncertainty,they are seized by a‘compulsion to narrate’：a deep-seated need to shape，order and explain what they do not understand．”这句是说他们有叙述的欲望，希望能够解释他们所不知道的内容，D项与此不符可排除。根据“Rather than forgetting，they are inventing．Chronic confabulators are often highly invent tive at the verbal level，jamming together words

in nonsensical but suggestive ways．”这句是说这些病人爱编造故事，E选项与此相符。因此，本题的答案为BE。

21． A． B． C． D． E．

正确答案：E

Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 22 and 23 on your answer sheet.Which TWO of the following statements about playwrights and novelists are true?A They give more meaning to the stories.B They tell lies for the benefit of themselves.C They have nothing to do with the truth out there.D We can be misled by them if not careful.E We know there are lies in the content.

22． A． B． C． D． E．

正确答案：A

解析：根据F段“…they have a meaning and resonance beyond their creator”，即“他们赋予故事更大的含义，激起读者共鸣”，因此A项论述正确。该段提到“Perhaps this is why we felt it necessary to invent art in the first place：as a safe space into which our lies can be corralled，and channeled into something socially useful．”这句说明了发明艺术的重要性，即对社会有价值，B项与此不符可排除。根据“Art is a lie whose secret ingredient is truth”这句，即“艺术背后秘密的成份是事实”，C项与此不符可排除。此外，该段还提到“…playwrights and novelists are not literally attempting to deceive us，because the rules are laid out in advance：come to the theatre，or open this book，and we’ll lie to you．”这句说明剧作家和小说家会在一开始就告诉观众故事纯属虚构，应该不会特意误导人们，D项与此不符，应排除。通读本段，E项明显正确。因此，本题的答案为AE。

23． A． B． C． D． E．

正确答案：E

Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet.A【R24】______accused Jonathan Aitken, a former cabinet minister, who was selling and buying with【R25】______. Aitken’s case collapsed in June 1997, when the defence finally found indisputable evidence about his Paris trip. He was deemed to have his【R26】______. They revealed that not only was Aitken’s daughter not with him that day, but also that the minister had simply got into his car and drove off, with no vehicle in pursuit.

24． 【R24】

正确答案：national newspaper 解析：题干问：谁诬告了乔纳森-艾特肯?扫读E段可以发现“…after a national paper tainted his name…”，这里“tained”与题干“accused”为同义替换。因此，本题的答 案为national newspaper。

25． 【R25】

正确答案：arms dealers

解析：题干问：乔纳森-艾特肯与谁进行交易?继续扫读，可以发现“…relationships with Saudi arms dealers…”。因此，本题的答案为arms dealers。

26． 【R26】

正确答案：victory

解析：题干问：在获得不可置疑的证据后，艾特肯被认为获得了什么?向下扫读，可以 发现“…looked as if they might bring him victory…”这里“looked as if”与题干“be deemed to”为同义替换。因此，本题的答案为victory。

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on

Reading Passage 3 below. Theory or Practice? —What is the point of research carried out by biz schools?Students go to universities and other academic institutions to prepare for their future. We pay tuition and struggle through classes in the hopes that we can find a fulfilling and exciting career. But the choice of your university has a large influence on your future. How can you know which university will prepare you the best for your future? Like other academic institutions, business schools are judged by the quality of the research carried out by their faculties. Professors must both teach students and also produce original research in their own field. The quality of this research is assessed by academic publications. At the same time, universities have another responsibility to equip their students for the real world, however that is defined. Most students learning from professors will not go into academics themselves—so how do academics best prepare them for their future careers, whatever that may be? Whether academic research actually produces anything that is useful to the practice of business, or even whether it is its job to do so, are questions that can provoke vigorous arguments on campus.The debate, which first flared during the 1950s, was reignited in August, when AACSB International, the most widely recognised global accrediting agency for business schools, announced it would consider changing the way it evaluates research. The news followed rather damning criticism in 2002 from Jeffrey Pfeffer, a Stanford professor, and Christina Fong of Washington University, which questioned whether business education in its current guise was sustainable. The study found that traditional modes of academia were not adequately preparing students for the kind of careers they faced in current times. The most controversial recommendation in AACSB’s draft report (which was sent round to administrators for their comment) is that the schools should be required to demonstrate the value of their faculties’ research not simply by listing its citations in journals, but by demonstrating the impact it has in the professional world. New qualifiers, such as average incomes, student placement in top firms and business collaborations would now be considered just as important as academic publications.AACSB justifies its stance by saying that it wants schools and faculty to play to their strengths, whether they be in pedagogy, in the research of practical applications, or in scholarly endeavor. Traditionally, universities operate in a pyramid structure. Everyone enters and stays in an attempt to be successful in their academic field. A psychology professor must publish competitive research in the top neuroscience journals. A Cultural Studies professor must send graduate students on new field research expeditions to be taken seriously. This research is the core of a university’s output. And research of any kind is expensive—AACSB points out that business schools in America alone spend more than $320m a year on it. So it seems legitimate to ask for what purpose it is undertaken.If a school chose to specialise in professional outputs rather than academic outputs, it could use such a large sum of money and redirect it into more fruitful programs. For example, if a business school wanted a larger presence of employees at top financial firms, this money may be better spent on a career center which focuses on building the skills of students, rather than paying for more high-level research to be done through the effort of faculty. A change in evaluation could also open the door to inviting more professionals from

different fields to teach as adjuncts. Students could take accredited courses from people who are currently working in their dream field. The AACSB insists that universities answer the question as to why research is the most critical component of traditional education.On one level, the question is simple to answer. Research in business schools, as anywhere else, is about expanding the boundaries of knowledge; it thrives on answering unasked questions. Surely this pursuit of knowledge is still important to the university system. Our society progresses because we learn how to do things in new ways, a process which depends heavily on research and academics. But one cannot ignore the other obvious practical uses of research publications. Research is also about cementing schools’—and professors’—reputations. Schools gain kudos from their faculties’ record of publication: which journals publish them, and how often. In some cases, such as with government-funded schools in Britain, it can affect how much money they receive. For professors, the mantra is often “publish or perish”. Their careers depend on being seen in the right journals.But at a certain point, one has to wonder whether this research is being done for the benefit of the university or for the students the university aims to teach. Greater publications will attract greater funding, which will in turn be spent on better publications. Students seeking to enter professions out of academia find this cycle frustrating, and often see their professors as being part of the “Ivory Tower” of academia, operating in a self-contained community that has little influence on the outside world.The research is almost universally unread by real-world managers. Part of the trouble is that the journals labour under a similar ethos. They publish more than 20,000 articles each year. Most of the research is highly quantitative, hypothesis-driven and esoteric. As a result, it is almost universally unread by real-world managers. Much of the research criticises other published research. A paper in a 2006 issue of Strategy & Leadership commented that “research is not designed with managers’ needs in mind, nor is it communicated in the journals they read...For the most part it has become a self-referential closed system [irrelevant to] corporate performance.” The AACSB demands that this segregation must change for the future of higher education. If students must invest thousands of dollars for an education as part of their career path, the academics which serve the students should be more fully incorporated into the professional world. This means that universities must focus on other strengths outside of research, such as professional networks, technology skills, and connections with top business firms around the world. Though many universities resisted the report, today’s world continues to change. The universities which prepare students for our changing future have little choice but to change with new trends and new standards.Questions 27-29Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 27-29 on your answer sheet.

27． In the second paragraph, the recommendation given by AACSB is A．to focus on listing research paper’s citation only. B．to consider the quantity of academic publications. C．to evaluate how the paper influences the field.

D．to maintain the traditional modes of academia.

正确答案：C

解析：题干问：原文第2段，国际高等商学院协会建议什么?通过题于提示回原文第2 段寻找专有名词“AACSB”出现的地方，该段第1句提到“…announced it would consider changing the way it evaluates research．”可帮助排除D选项。接着找到该机 构名称第二次出现的位置“The most controversial recommendation in AACSB’s draft report…is that the schools should be required to demonstrate the value of their faculties’ research not simply by listing its citations in journals，but by demonstrating the impact it has in the professional world．”通过这句可以看出，该机构不仅要求学校通过论文的引 用率来考查所做研究的价值，还需要考查这些研究对专业领域的影响力。四个选项中， 只有C项谈到“国际高等商学院协会建议评价论文如何影响某个领域”。因此，本题 的答案为C。

28． Why does AACSB put forward the recommendation? A．to give full play to the faculties’ advantage.

B．to reinforce the pyramid structure of universities. C．to push professors to publish competitive papers. D．to reduce costs of research in universities.

正确答案：A

解析：题干问：为何国际高等商学院协会提出上述建议?根据顺序原则，原文第3段第1 句随即提到“AACSB justifies its stance by saying that it wants schools and faculty to play to their strengths，whether they be in pedagogy,in the research of practical applications，or in scholarly endeavor．”通过这句话可以看出，国际高等商学院协这么做是希望学校和 教职工能够将他们的专长发挥到极致，与A选项意思一致。因此，本题的答案为A。

29． Why does the author mention the Journal Strategy & Leadership? A．to characterize research as irrelevant to company performance. B．to suggest that managers don’t read research papers. C．to describe students’ expectation for universities. D．to exemplify high-quality research papers.

正确答案：A

解析：题干问：作者为什么提到Strategy＆Leadership这本杂志?根据题干专有名词“Strategy＆Leadership”定位到原文第7段，作者提到了该杂志里的一篇文章说“…research is not designed with managers’needs in mind，nor is it communicated in the journals they read…For the most part it has become a self-referential closed system[irrelevant to]corporate performance．”这里“[irrelevant to]corporate performance”与A选项“irrelevant to company performance”为同义替换，是说现有研究不考虑管理者的需求，跟公司 工作情况关系不大。因此，本题的答案为A。

Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 30 and 31 on your answer sheet.Which TWO choices are in line with Jeffrey Pfeffer and Christina Fong’s idea?A Students should pay less to attend universities.B Business education is not doing their job well.C Professors should not focus on writing papers.D Students are ill-prepared for their career from universities.E Recognized accrediting agency can evaluate research well.

30． A． B． C． D． E．

正确答案：B

解析：第2段这两个人名之后,随即出现这句话“…which questioned whether business education in its current guise was sustainable．The study found that traditional modes of academia were not adequately preparing students for the kind of careers they faced in current times．”即两位教授认为当前的商务教育很难可持续发展，传统的学究式模式不足以帮学生准备好应对职业生涯中的问题。五个选项中，B项说商务教育进展得不够好，D项说大学毕业生没有为职业发展准备好，两个选项的描述与原文意思基本一致。因此，本题的答案为BD。

31． A． B． C． D． E．

正确答案：D

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 32-36 on you answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts with the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.

32． The debate about the usefulness of academic research for business practices is a recent one.

A．TRUE B．FALSE

C．NOT GIVEN

正确答案：B

解析：题干说：关于学术研究对商务实践是否有用的辩论是最近开始的。根据关键词 “debate”定位到原文第2段开头“The debate，which first flared during the 1950s，was reignited in August．”通过这句话可以看出，这一讨论实际上从上世纪50年代就开始了。 因此，本题的答案为False。

33． AACSB’s draft report was not reviewed externally. A．TRUE B．FALSE

C．NOT GIVEN

正确答案：B

解析：题干说：国际高等商学院协会的报告草案没有得到外部审读。根据题干关键词“draft report”定位到原文第2段“The most controversial recommendation in AACSB’s draft report(which was sent round to administrators for their comment)．”通过括号中的内容可 以看出，其报告征求了管理者们的意见。因此，本题的答案为False。

34． Business schools in the US spend more than 320 million dollars yearly on research.

A．TRUE B．FALSE

C．NOT GIVEN

正确答案：A

解析：题干说：美国商学院每年花费3．2亿美元在研究上。根据题干数字“320 million”定 位到原文第3段“…AACSB points out that business schools in America alone spend more than $320m a year on it．So it seems legitimate to ask for what purpose it is undertaken．” 与题干意思一致。因此，本题的答案为True。

35． Many universities pursue professional outputs. A．TRUE B．FALSE

C．NOT GIVEN

正确答案：C 解析：题干说：许多大学追求专业产出。根据题干关键词“professional outputs”

定位到 原文第4段“If a school chose to specialise in professional outputs rather than academic outputs，it could use such a large sum of money and redirect it into more fruitful programs．” 这里只是作者提出的一种假设，并没有说到许多大学已经这样做。因此，本题的答 案为Not Given。

36． Greater publications benefit professors and students as well. A．TRUE B．FALSE

C．NOT GIVEN

正确答案：B

解析：题干说：更优秀的论文发表对教授和学生都是有好处的。根据题干关键词“greater publications”定位到原文的第6段“Greater publications will attract greater funding． which will in turn be spent on better publications．Students seeking to enter professions out of academia find this cycle frustrating，and often see their professors as being part of the ‘Ivory Tower’of academia，operating in a self-contained community that has little influence on the outside world．”细读这句话可以看出，对于不从事研究的学生来说，教授 们的研究使他们感到“frustrating”，并没有受益。因此，本题的答案为False。

Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-E, below. Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.A it progresses as we learn innovative ways of doing things.B the trends and standards are changing.C their jobs depend on it.D they care about their school rankings and government funds.E it helps students to go into top business firms.

37． Most professors support academic research because A． B． C． D． E．

正确答案：C

解析：题干说：大多数教授支持学术研究是因为什么?在原文的第5段，我们可以读到“For professors，the mantra is often‘publish or perish’．Their careers depend on being seen in the right journals．”通过这句话可以看出，教授们支持学术研究是因为他们的工作依 赖于发表文章。因此，本题的答案为C。

38． Schools support academic research because

A． B． C． D． E．

正确答案：D

解析：题干说：学校支持做学术研究是因为什么?在原文的第5段，我们可以读到“Research is also about cementing schools’一and professors’一reputations．Schools gain kudos from their faculties’record of publication：which journals publish them，and how often．In some cases，such as with government—funded schools in Britain，it can affect how much money they receive．”通过这句话可以看出，学校一方面要考虑他们的名声或排名，另外一 方面要考虑到经费问题。因此，本题的答案为D。

39． Our society needs academic research because A． B． C． D． E．

正确答案：A

解析：题干说：我们的社会需要学术研究是因为什么?在原文的第5段，我们可以读到 “Our society progresses because we learn how to do things in new ways，a process which depends heavily on research and academics．”通过这句话可以看出，学术研究让我们了 解到做事的新方法，从而带来社会进步。因此，本题的答案为A。

40． Universities resisting the AACSB should change because A． B． C． D． E．

正确答案：B

解析：题干说：反对国际高等商学院协会的大学应该改变是因为什么?原文的最后一段 的最后一句提到这个问题“The universities which prepare students for our changing future have little choice but to change with new trends and new standards．”通过这句话 可以看出，因为面临未来的新趋势与新标准，不得不做出变化。因此，本题的答案 为B。