经济学词汇

accounting cost :会计成本 accounting profit :会计利润 adverse selection :逆向选择 allocation配置

allocation of resources :资源配置 allocative efficiency :配置效率 antitrust legislation :反托拉斯法 arc elasticity :弧弹性

Arrow’s impossibility theorem :阿罗不可能定理 Assumption :假设

asymetric information :非对称性信息 average :平均

average cost :平均成本

average cost pricing :平均成本定价法 average fixed cost :平均固定成本 average product of capital :资本平均产量 average product of labour :劳动平均产量 average revenue :平均收益 average total cost :平均总成本 average variable cost :平均可变成本 barriers to entry :进入壁垒 base year :基年

bilateral monopoly :双边垄断 benefit :收益 black market :黑市 bliss point :极乐点 boundary point :边界点 break even point :收支相抵点

budget :预算

budget constraint :预算约束 budget line :预算线 budget set预算集 capital :资本

capital stock :资本存量

capital output ratio :资本产出比率 capitalism :资本主义

cardinal utility theory :基数效用论 cartel :卡特尔

ceteris puribus assumption :“其他条件不变”的假设 ceteris puribus demand curve :其他因素不变的需求曲线 Chamberlin model :张伯伦模型 change in demand :需求变化

change in quantity demanded :需求量变化 change in quantity supplied :供给量变化 change in supply :供给变化 choice :选择 closed set :闭集 Coase theorem :科斯定理

Cobb—Douglas production function :柯布—道格拉斯生产函数 cobweb model :蛛网模型

collective bargaining :集体协议工资 collusion :合谋

command economy :指令经济 commodity :商品

commodity combination :商品组合 commodity market :商品市场 commodity space :商品空间 common property :公用财产

comparative static analysis :比较静态分析 compensated budget line :补偿预算线 compensated demand function :补偿需求函数 compensation principles :补偿原则

compensating variation in income :收入补偿变量 competition :竞争

competitive market :竞争性市场 complement goods :互补品 complete information :完全信息 completeness :完备性

condition for efficiency in exchange :交换的最优条件 condition for efficiency in production :生产的最优条件 concave :凹

concave function :凹函数 concave preference :凹偏好 consistence :一致性

constant cost industry :成本不变产业 constant returns to scale :规模报酬不变 constraints :约束 consumer :消费者

consumer behavior :消费者行为 consumer choice :消费者选择 consumer equilibrium :消费者均衡 consumer optimization :消费者优化 consumer preference :消费者偏好 consumer surplus :消费者剩余 consumer theory :消费者理论 consumption :消费

consumption bundle :消费束 consumption combination :消费组合

consumption possibility curve :消费可能曲线 consumption possibility frontier :消费可能性前沿 consumption set :消费集 consumption space :消费空间 continuity :连续性

continuous function :连续函数 contract curve :契约曲线 convex :凸

convex function :凸函数 convex preference :凸偏好 convex set :凸集 corporatlon :公司 cost :成本

cost benefit analysis :成本收益分 cost function :成本函数 cost minimization :成本极小化 Cournot equilihrium :古诺均衡 Cournot model :古诺模型

Cross—price elasticity :交叉价格弹性 dead—weights loss :重负损失

decreasing cost industry :成本递减产业 decreasing returns to scale :规模报酬递减 deduction :演绎法 demand :需求

demand curve :需求曲线 demand elasticity :需求弹性 demand function :需求函数 demand price :需求价格 demand schedule :需求表 depreciation :折旧

derivative :导数 derive demand :派生需求 difference equation :差分方程 differential equation :微分方程 differentiated good :差异商品 differentiated oligoply :差异寡头

diminishing marginal substitution :边际替代率递减 diminishing marginal return :收益递减 diminishing marginal utility :边际效用递减 direct approach :直接法 direct taxes :直接税 discounting :贴税、折扣

diseconomies of scale :规模不经济 disequilibrium :非均衡 distribution :分配

division of labour :劳动分工

distribution theory of marginal productivity :边际生产率分配论 duoupoly :双头垄断、双寡 duality :对偶 durable goods :耐用品 dynamic analysis :动态分析 dynamic models :动态模型 Economic agents :经济行为者 economic cost :经济成本 economic efficiency :经济效率 economic goods :经济物品 economic man :经济人 economic mode :经济模型 economic profit :经济利润

economic region of production :生产的经济区域

economic regulation :经济调节 economic rent :经济租金 exchange :交换 economics :经济学

exchange efficiency :交换效率 economy :经济

exchange contract curve :交换契约曲线 economy of scale :规模经济 Edgeworth box diagram :埃奇沃思图 exclusion :排斥性、排他性

Edgeworth contract curve :埃奇沃思契约线 Edgeworth model :埃奇沃思模型 efficiency :效率，效益 efficiency parameter :效率参数 elasticity :弹性

elasticity of substitution :替代弹性 endogenous variable :内生变量 endowment :禀赋

endowment of resources :资源禀赋 Engel curve :恩格尔曲线 entrepreneur :企业家 entrepreneurship :企业家才能 entry barriers :进入壁垒 entry/exit decision :进出决策 envolope curve :包络线 equilibrium :均衡

equilibrium condition :均衡条件 equilibrium price :均衡价格 equilibrium quantity :均衡产量 eqity :公平

equivalent variation in income :收入等价变量 excess—capacity theorem :过度生产能力定理 excess supply :过度供给 exchange :交换

exchange contract curve :交换契约曲线 exclusion :排斥性、排他性 exclusion principle :排他性原则 existence :存在性

existence of general equilibrium :总体均衡的存在性 exogenous variables :外生变量 expansion paths :扩展径 expectation :期望

expected utility :期望效用 expected value :期望值 expenditure :支出 explicit cost :显性成本 external benefit :外部收益 external cost :外部成本 external economy :外部经济 external diseconomy :外部不经济 externalities :外部性 Factor :要素

factor demand :要素需求 factor market :要素市场 factors of production :生产要素 factor substitution :要素替代 factor supply :要素供给

fallacy of composition :合成谬误 final goods :最终产品 firm :企业

firms‘demand curve for labor :企业劳动需求曲线 firm supply curve :企业供给曲线

first-degree price discrimination :第一级价格歧视 first—order condition :一阶条件 fixed costs :固定成本 fixed input :固定投入

fixed proportions production function :固定比例的生产函数 flow :流量 fluctuation :波动

for whom to produce :为谁生产 free entry :自由进入 free goods :自由品，免费品

free mobility of resources :资源自由流动 free rider :搭便车，免费搭车 function :函数 future value :未来值 game theory :对策论、博弈论 general equilibrium :总体均衡 general goods :一般商品

Giffen goods :吉芬晶 收入补偿需求曲线 Giffen’s Paradox :吉芬之谜 Gini coefficient :吉尼系数 goldenrule :黄金规则 goods :货物

government failure :失败 government regulation :

grand utility possibility curve :总效用可能曲线 grand utility possibility frontier :总效用可能前沿 H

heterogeneous product :异质产品

Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion :希克斯一卡尔多福利标准 homogeneity :齐次性

homogeneous demand function :齐次需求函数 homogeneous product :同质产品

homogeneous production function :齐次生产函数 horizontal summation :水平和 household :家庭

how to produce :如何生产 human capital :人力资本 hypothesis :假说 identity :恒等式

imperfect competion :不完全竞争 implicitcost :隐性成本 income :收入

income compensated demand curve :收入补偿需求曲线 income constraint :收入约束

income consumption curve :收入消费曲线 income distribution :收入分配 income effect :收入效应

income elasticity of demand :需求收入弹性 increasing cost industry :成本递增产业 increasing returns to scale :规模报酬递增 inefficiency :缺乏效率 index number :指数 indifference :无差异

indifference curve :无差异曲线 indifference map :无差异族 indifference relation :无差异关系 indifference set :无差异集 indirect approach :间接法

individual analysis :个量分析 individual demand curve :个人需求曲线 individual demand function :个人需求函数 induced variable :引致变量 induction :归纳法 industry :产业

industry equilibrium :产业均衡 industry supply curve :产业供给曲线 inelastic :缺乏弹性的 inferior goods :劣品 inflection point :拐点 information :信息

information cost :信息成本 initial condition :初始条件 initial endowment :初始禀赋 innovation :创新 input :投入

input—output :投入—产出 institution :制度

institutional economics :制度经济学 insurance :保险 intercept :截距 interest :利息 interest rate :利息率 intermediate goods :中间产品

internatization of externalities :外部性内部化 invention :发明

inverse demand function :逆需求函数 investment :投资

invisible hand :看不见的手

isocost line :等成本线， isoprofit curve :等利润曲线 isoquant curve :等产量曲线 isoquant map :等产量族

kinded—demand curve :弯折的需求曲线 labour :劳动

labour demand :劳动需求 labour supply :劳动供给

labour theory of value :劳动价值论 labour unions :工会 laissez faire :自由放任

Lagrangian function :拉格朗日函数 Lagrangian multiplier :拉格朗乘数， land :土地 law :法则

law of demand and supply :供需法

law of diminishing marginal utility :边际效用递减法则 law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution :边际替代率递减法则

law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution :边际技术替代率 law of increasing cost :成本递增法则 law of one price :单一价格法则

leader—follower model :领导者—跟随者模型

least—cost combination of inputs :最低成本的投入组合 leisure :闲暇

Leontief production function :列昂节夫生产函数 licenses :许可证

linear demand function :线性需求函数 linear homogeneity :线性齐次性

linear homogeneous production function :线性齐次生产函数 long run :长期

long run average cost :长期平均成本 long run equilibrium :长期均衡

long run industry supply curve :长期产业供给曲线 long run marginal cost :长期边际成本 long run total cost :长期总成本 Lorenz curve :洛伦兹曲线 loss minimization :损失极小化 1ump sum tax :一次性征税 luxury :奢侈品

macroeconomics :宏观经济学 marginal :边际的

marginal benefit :边际收益 marginal cost :边际成本

marginal cost pricing :边际成本定价 marginal cost of factor :边际要素成本

marginal physical productivity :实际实物生产率 marginal product :边际产量

marginal product of capital :资本的边际产量 marginal product of 1abour :劳动的边际产量 marginal productivity :边际生产率 marginal rate of substitution :边替代率 marginal rate of transformation边际转换率 marginal returns :边际回报 marginal revenue :边际收益

marginal revenue product :边际收益产品 marginal revolution :边际 marginal social benefit :社会边际收益 marginal social cost :社会边际成本

marginal utility :边际效用

marginal value products :边际价值产品 market :市场

market clearance :市场结清，市场洗清 market demand :市场需求 market economy :市场经济 market equilibrium :市场均衡 market failure :市场失败 market mechanism :市场机制 market structure :市场结构 market separation :市场分割 market regulation :市场调节 market share :市场份额 markup pricing :加减定价法

Marshallian demand function :马歇尔需求函数 maximization :极大化 microeconomics :微观经济学 minimum wage :最低工资

misallocation of resources :资源误置 mixed economy :混合经济 model :模型 money :货币

monopolistic competition :垄断竞争 monopolistic exploitation :垄断剥削 monopoly :垄断，卖方垄断 monopoly equilibrium :垄断均衡 monopoly pricing :垄断定价 monopoly regulation :垄断 monopoly rents :垄断租金 monopsony :买方垄断

N

Nash equilibrium :纳什均衡 Natural monopoly :自然垄断 Natural resources :自然资源 Necessary condition :必要条件 necessities :必需品 net demand :净需求

nonconvex preference :非凸性偏好 nonconvexity :非凸性 nonexclusion :非排斥性 nonlinear pricing :非线性定价 nonrivalry :非对抗性

nonprice competition :非价格竞争 nonsatiation :非饱和性

non—zero—sum game :非零和对策 normal goods :正常品 normal profit :正常利润 normative economics :规范经济学 objective function :目标函数 oligopoly :寡头垄断 oligopoly market :寡头市场 oligopoly model :寡头模型 opportunity cost :机会成本 optimal choice :最佳选择

optimal consumption bundle :消费束 perfect elasticity :完全有弹性

optimal resource allocation :最佳资源配置 optimal scale :最佳规模 optimal solution :最优解 optimization :优化

ordering of optimization(social) preference :(社会)偏好排序 ordinal utility :序数效用 ordinary goods :一般品 output :产量、产出

output elasticity :产出弹性 output maximization产出极大化 parameter :参数

Pareto criterion :帕累托标准 Pareto efficiency :帕累托效率 Pareto improvement :帕累托改进 Pareto optimality :帕累托优化 Pareto set :帕累托集 partial derivative :偏导数 partial equilibrium :局部均衡 patent :专利

pay off matrix :收益矩阵、支付矩阵 perceived demand curve :感觉到的需求曲线 perfect competition :完全竞争 perfect complement :完全互补品 perfect monopoly :完全垄断

perfect price discrimination :完全价格歧视 perfect substitution :完全替代品 perfect inelasticity :完全无弹性 perfectly elastic :完全有弹性 perfectly inelastic :完全无弹性 plant size :工厂规模 point elasticity :点弹性 post Hoc Fallacy :后此谬误 prediction :预测 preference :偏好

preference relation :偏好关系 present value :现值 price :价格

price adjustment model :价格调整模型 price ceiling :最高限价

price consumption curve :价格费曲线 price control :价格管制 price difference :价格差别 price discrimination :价格歧视

price elasticity of demand :需求价格弹性 price elasticity of supply :供给价格弹性 price floor :最低限价 price maker :价格制定者 price rigidity :价格刚性 price seeker :价格搜求者 price taker :价格接受者 price tax :从价税 private benefit :私人收益

principal—agent issues :委托—代理问题 private cost :私人成本 private goods :私人用品 private property :私人财产 producer equilibrium :生产者均衡 producer theory :生产者理论 product :产品

product transformation curve :产品转换曲线 product differentiation :产品差异 product group :产品集团 production :生产

production contract curve :生产契约曲线

production efficiency :生产效率 production function :生产函数

production possibility curve :生产可能性曲线 productivity :生产率

productivity of capital :资本生产率 productivity of labor :劳动生产率 profit :利润

profit function :利润函数 profit maximization :利润极大化 property rights :产权

property rights economics :产权经济学 proposition :定理

proportional demand curve :成比例的需求曲线 public benefits :公共收益 public choice :公共选择 public goods :公共商品 pure competition :纯粹竞争 rivalry :对抗性、竞争 pure exchange :纯交换 pure monopoly :纯粹垄断

quantity—adjustment model :数量调整模型 quantity tax :从量税 quasi—rent :准租金

rate of product transformation :产品转换率 rationality :理性

reaction function :反应函数 regulation :调节， relative price相对价格 rent :租金

rent control :规模报酬

rent seeking :寻租

rent seeking economics :寻租经济学 resource :资源

resource allocation :资源配置 returns :报酬、回报 returns to scale :规模报酬 revealed preference :显示性偏好 revenue :收益

revenue curve :收益曲线 revenue function :收益函数 revenue maximization :收益极大化 ridge line :脊线 risk :风险

satiation :饱和，满足 saving :储蓄 scarcity :稀缺性

law of scarcity :稀缺法则

second—degree price discrimination :二级价格歧视 second derivative :--阶导数 second—order condition :二阶条件 service :劳务 set :集

shadow prices :影子价格 short—run :短期

short—run cost curve :短期成本曲线 short—run equilibrium :短期均衡 short—run supply curve :短期供给曲线 shut down decision :关闭决策 shortage短缺

shut down point :关闭点

single price monopoly :单一定价垄断 slope :斜率

social benefit :社会收益 social cost :社会成本

social indifference curve :社会无差异曲线 social preference :社会偏好 social security :社会保障

social welfare function :社会福利函数 socialism :社会主义 solution :解 space :空间 stability :稳定性

stable equilibrium :稳定的均衡 Stackelberg model :斯塔克尔贝格模型 static analysis :静态分析 stock :存量

stock market :股票市场 strategy :策略 subsidy :津贴 substitutes :替代品

substitution effect :替代效应 substitution parameter :替代参数 sufficient condition :充分条件 supply :供给

supply curve :供给曲线 supply function :供给函数 supply schedule :供给表 Sweezy model :斯威齐模型 symmetry :对称性

symmetry of information :信息对称

tangency :相切 taste :兴致

technical efficiency :技术效率 technological constraints ；技术约束 technological progress :技术进步 technology :技术

third—degree price discrimination :第**价格歧视 total cost :总成本 total effect :总效应 total expenditure :总支出 total fixed cost :总固定成本 total product :总产量 total revenue :总收益 total utility :总效用

total variable cost :总可变成本 traditional economy :传统经济 transitivity :传递性 transaction cost :交易费用 uncertainty :不确定性 uniqueness :唯一性 unit elasticity :单位弹性 unstable equilibrium :不稳定均衡 utility :效用

utility function :效用函数 utility index :效用指数

utility maximization :效用极大化

utility possibility curve :效用可能性曲线 utility possibility frontier :效用可能性前沿 value :价值

value judge :价值判断

value of marginal product :边际产量价值 variable cost :可变成本 variable input :可变投入 variables :变量 vector :向量

visible hand :看得见的手 vulgur economics :庸俗经济学 wage :工资 wage rate :工资率

Walras general equilibrium :瓦尔拉斯总体均衡 Walras’s law :瓦尔拉斯法则 Wants :需要

Welfare criterion :福利标准 Welfare economics :福利经学

Welfare loss triangle :福利损失三角形 welfare maximization :福利极大化 zero cost :零成本 zero elasticity :零弹性 zero homogeneity :零阶齐次性 zero economic profit :零利润