英语语法----直接引语和间接引语

一、 定义：

直接引语：使用引号引出别人的原话。 间接引语：用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。 二、 直接引语和间接引语的转换

直接引语变间接引语时，要注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化。 1.人称变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不变化。

一随主：即把直接引语中的第一人称变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。 He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。

→He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变)

与主语一致

二随宾：即把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人)相一致的人称。

She said to Mary ,”How do you ?”go to work everyday?” →She asked Mary how she went to work everyday.

与宾语一致

第三人称不变化：即直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。

He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”

He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。（She’s→she had， her不变，your→my）

2.时态变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的时态相应的向过去推一个时态。

直接引语 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 1

间接引语 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时(不变) 一般将来时 一般将来进行时 一般将来完成时 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去完成进行时 过去完成进行时 He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。” →He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。

注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”老师说：“地球是圆的。” →The teacher said that the earth is round.老师说地球是圆的。

1、

句式变化

① 接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。

如：She said, \"Our bus will arrive in five minutes.\" →She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

② 接引语如果是反意疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语

从句。选择疑问句必须用whether…or… 如：He said, \"Can you swim, John?\" →He asked John if he could swim.

\"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?\" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

\"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?\"

→He asked me whether I went to school by bus or by bike.

③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

She asked me, \"When do they have their dinner?\" → She asked me when they had their dinner.

④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为\"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb.(not) to do sth.\"句型。 如：\"Don’t make any noise,\" she said to the children.

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→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. \"Bring me a cup of tea, please,\" said she. →She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

⑤直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：

He said, \" Let’s go to the film.\"

→He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film. 2、 指示代词 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化

直接引语 this these 时间状语 now today tonight last night yesterday two weeks ago tomorrow next week 地点状语 方向性动词 here bring come 间接引用 that those then that day that night the night before the day before/the previous day two weeks before the next/following day the next week there take go John said,” this is my cellphone”.

John said (that)that was his cellphone.

注意：说话者在当时、当地转述别人的话时，时间状语和地点状语不变。

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