Lesson ONE
作文中常用句套： 下文中出现的 A,B, “...”(某事物), \"sb\"( somebody), 要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换.
! 开头：
When it comes to ..., some think ... There is a public debate today that ...
A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one?
Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.
! 提出观点：
Now there is a growing awareness that... It is time we explore the truth of ...
Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.
! 进一步提出观点：
... but that is only part of the history. Another equally important aspect is ...
A is but one of the many effects. Another is ... Besides, other reasons are...
! 提出假想例子的方式： Suppose that...
Just imagine what would be like if... It is reasonable to expect... It is not surprising that...
! 举普通例子： For example(instance),...
... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth) A good case in point is...
A particular example for this is...
! 引用：
One of the greatest early writers said ...
\"Knowledge is power\ ( criticize/ praise...). \"......\". How often we hear such words like there.
! 讲故事
（先说故事主体），
this story is not rare. ..., such delimma we often meet in daily life. ..., the story still has a realistic significance.
! 提出原因：
There are many reasons for ... Why .... , for one thing,...
The answer to this problem involves many factors. Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...
The first reason can be obiviously seen. Most people would agree that...
Some people may neglect that in fact ... Others suggest that...
Part of the explanation is ...
! 进行对比：
The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of...
Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...
Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.
A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...
! 承上启下：
To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...
A study of ... will make this point clear
! 让步：
Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as... I do not deny that A has its own merits.
! 结尾：
>From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw
the conclusion that ... In summary, it is wiser ... In short...
Lesson TWO
With the introduction of computers to the modern world, books,
the traditional medium, are more and more challenged. Libraries often face the dilemma of investing on computers or books. With all aspects carefully considered,an investment on computers would be a better choice.
When equipped with computers, a library may run
more efficiently than ever. Students or faculties may get useful information as fast as the computer can. A student may find it easier to type in only a key word and get the desired results,which, if done with books, may well need a long time scanning among many related books; A researcher may feel it more convenient to find an article on those Engineering CD series than in a paper book. With the dev
elopment of computer technology, such as the increasement of CPU rate, memory, or cache on the mainbord, the efficiency of getting information can only be accelerated, whereas a man's reading speed is normally limited to some extent.
The efficiency of getting information is the users' major concern. While for the librarians, what they care most is how to store as much as possible information within limited space.
A computer has a large storage capacity. When a book with 750,000Chinese characters is stored as electronic text, it only take about 1M bytes on the hard disk. When stored on a normal CD with 640MB capacity, when these CDs are packed in locks, much precious space will be spared for other uses.
Unlike a book, a mortal physical medium, a computer may keep all data on its disk safe and sound for a long time. It is very easy for us to copy, backup, or transfer those data to rewritable CDs or other recording materials.
The last but not the least. Internet may provide these computers with more capabilities of future information exchanges.
Books, certainly, have their own merits. As a traditional medium, people have reasons for cherishing them. They are easy to carry, conveniently read without consumption of any other type of energy. However, for a modern library, computers, presenting so many merits and possibilities, can be more reasonably treated as a wiser choice.
Lesson THREE
Having enough reason to support your choice is essential in TOEFL writing. Here I listed some good reasons for a point as a sample. ( more will be added here)
50. Library: Computer V.S. Books Computer:
For: 1) Efficiency
2) Large storage capacity 3) Multimedia attraction 4) Management
5) Sharing information 6) Network or Internet 7) Rapid updating Against:
1) Harmful Radiation
2) Need basic knowledge to operate 3) Not easy to carry
4) Need consumption of energy.
Books:
For: 1) Traditional medium 2) Easy to carry
3) Conveniently read
4) Price per copy is more affordable 5) index of academic environment
Against: 1) Not durable
2) Low rate of updating
3) Can't be shared by any people
49 University: library V.S. Physical training facilities
Library: For:
1) Major goal to impart knowledge to students 2) Index of academic environment 3) Attract more excellent professors
Physical Training:
1) Help to improve one's health which is basis of study
2) 2) Students learn to be cooperative 3) Provide relaxation
3) 4) May produce good athletes
4) Lesson FOUR
5) 在作文中引用合适的名言警句，会给你的文章增色许多。这里收集了我本人喜爱的
一些名言，可能会对你有用。我们使用引用的位置可以在开头结尾或正文段落中，
6) 常见的使用形式如下：
7) One of the greatest early writers said ...
8) \"Knowledge is power\ent ( criticize/ praise...).
9) \"......\". How often we hear such words like there.
10) Useful quotations ! 逆境
11) by Robert Collier
12) In every adversity there lies the seed of an equivalent advantage. In every defeat there is a lesson showing you how to win the victory next time.
13) ! 努力与成功 by Ann Landers
14) Opportunities are usually disguised as hard work, so most people don't recognize them.
15) ! 坚持
16) by Ralph Waldo Emerson
17) 18) 19) l.
20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29)
No one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves.
Confucius 孔子
Our greatest glory is not in never falling... but in rising every time we fal! 坚持 Mother Teresa
To keep a lamp burning we have to keep putting oil in it.
Henry Ford
Nothing is particularly hard if you divide it inuo small jobs.
Winston Churchill
Never, never, never, never give up.
Albert Einstein
In uhe middle of difficulty lies opportunity.
! 努力与成功 by Crassus
Those who aim at great deeds must suffer greatly. Thomas Edison
30) There is no substitute for hard work.
31) Leo Tolstoi
32) The strongest of all warriors are these two- Time and Patience.
33) Thomas Jefferson
34) I'm a great believer in luck, and I find the harder I work... the more I have of it. Robert Collier
35) Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out.
36) Ray A. Croc
37) Luck is a dividend of sweat. The more you sweat, the luckier you get.
38) ! 实际经验与间接经验
39) You'll learn more about a road by traveling it... than by consulting all the maps in the world. ! 动机与结果 Vince Lombardi
40) Winning isn't everything... but wanting to win is.
41) John F. Kennedy
42) We choose to go!to the moon and other things , oot because they are easy, but because they are hard.
43) Thucydides
44) The strong do what they will. The weak do what they must.
45) ! 为人态度： John Wooden
46) Talent is God given--Be Humble. Fame is man given-- Be Thankful. Conceit is self given --Be Careful. ! 行动：
47) Theodore Roosevelt
48) Do what you can , with what you have , with where you are.
49) Publilius Syrus Maxim
50) No one knows what he can do till he tries.
51) Terence
52) There is nothing so easy but that it becomes difficult when you do it reluctantly.
53) Thomas Fuller
54) 55) 56) 57) 58) crown.
59) 60)
61) 62) 63) 64)
65)
A wise man turns chance into good fortune.
William Hazlitt
Prosperity is a great teacher; adversity is a greater.
William Penn
No pains, no palm; no thorns, no throne; no gall , no glory; no cross, no Will Rogers
Even if you're on the right track, you'll get run over... if you just sit there.Opportunity rarely knocks on your door.
Knock rather on opportunity's door if you ardently wish to enter.
! 成功与失败 Vince Lombardi
It's not whether you get knocked down. ...It's whether you get up again. Winston Churchill
66) An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity;
67) a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity. ! 热情（年轻/年老） Ralph Waldo Emerson Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.
68) ! 信心 James Allen
69) The will to do springs from the knowledge that we can do.
70) Samuel Johnson
71) Few things are impossible to diligence and skill.
72) Aughey
73) Lost time is never found again.
74) Voltaire
75) No problem can stand the assault of sustained thinking.
76) Napoleon
77) Victory belongs to the most persevering. ! 细心 Euipides
78) Leave no stone unturned. ! 计划与工作 Norman Vincent Peale
79) Plan your work for today and every day; then work your plan.
80) Henry Ford
81) Failure is only the opportunity to more intelligently begin again.
82) Thomas Edison
83) I start where the last man left off. ! 理想与现实
84) What the mind of man can conceive and believe, the mind of a man can achieve. ! 勤奋
85) Benjamin Franklin
86) Plough deep while sluggards sleep. ! 目标
87) Henry David Thoreau
88) In the lone run men hit only what they aim at. ! 幸运
89) Emily Dickinson Luck is not chance... It's toil...
90) var cpro_psid = \"u2787156\";
91) var cpro_pswidth = \"966\";
92) var cpro_psheight = \"120\";
93) Fortune's expensive smile is earned. ! 勤奋
94) Thomas Edison
95) Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.
96) Useful Quotations ! 想象力 Albert Einstein
97) Imagination is more important than knowledge. ! 挑战： Walter Begehot
98) The great pleasure in life is doing what people say you cannot do.
99) ! 机会与准备 Abraham Lincoln
100) I will prepare and some day my chance will come.
101) ! 信心与事实 Henry Ford
102) Whether you think you can or think you can't -- you are right.
103) English Proverb
104) Where there's a will there's a way.
105) There is no failure excepting no longer trying. Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity.
106) Lesson Five
107) 如何在30分钟内快速、整洁写完文章。 快速：
108) 熟悉考场写作三个步骤的时间分配：
109) 第一步：审题、确定立场、列出理由（只需要在草稿纸上用英文单词或汉语列出各个理由，防止遗忘）最少3分钟最多5分钟：
110) 要避免两个极端：
111) 用时太少，理由没有想清楚就开始写作，不仅造成文章逻辑结构不清，还会引起行文中频繁的修正，欲速则不达；
112) 用时太多，不要追求一次思考就能把每一条理由及相关例证都想出来。其实想出两条之后就可以动笔，各个理由的例证可以写到该段时边思考边写。这一点你不必怀疑，只要你的思维还是正常的，一定能做到。
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