英语最全修辞手法
.
英语常用修辞 1.Simile 明喻
明喻是将拥有共性的不一样事物作对照 .这类共性存在于人们
的内心 ,而不是事物的自然属性。或许说是以两种拥有同样特色 的事物和现象进行对照, 表示本体和喻体之间的相像关系, 都在对照中出现。标记词常用
二者
like, as, seem, as if, as though,
similar to, such as 等 . It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.
比如 :
1.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.
2.I wandered lonely as c cloud.
3.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.
4.This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.
这头象和任何人见到的同样像一条蛇。
5.He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of
fairytales and
had passed me like a spirit.
他看上去仿佛刚从我的童话故事书中走出来,
像幽灵同样从
我身边走过去。
可编写
.
6.It has long leaves that sway reaching to
touch something.
它那长长的叶子在风中摇动, 仿佛伸出纤细的手指去触摸什
in the wind like slim fingers
么东西似的。 7.Carlos Lehder was to cocaine transportation what
Henry Ford was to cars.
2.Metaphor 隐喻 ,暗喻
隐喻是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物
,经过比较形成。这
种比喻不经过比喻词进行, 而是直接将用事物看作乙事物来描绘,
甲乙两事物之间的联系和相像之处是暗含的。 It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but
unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.
比如 :
1.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
2.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be
chewed and digested.
3.German guns and German planes rained down bombs,
shells and bullets...
德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、 炮弹和子弹像暴雨同样倾注下
来。
4.The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.
钻石部是商铺的心脏和核心。
5.All the world ’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players.
可编写
.
6.Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned.
7.Time is a river, of which memory is the water. Oh my friend, what I scoop up from the river is all yearning of you.
3.Metonymy 借喻 ,转喻
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物
,而使用另一个与之有关的事
物名称。指两种不一样事物其实不相像,但又密不行分,因此常用其 中一种事物名称取代另一种。 就是借用甲来表示乙, 但前提条件
是甲一定与乙关系亲密和实质上有相像之处
It is a figure of
speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another.
1.以容器取代内容 ,比如 :
The kettle boils. 水开了 .
The room sat silent. 全屋人寂静地坐着 . 2.以资料 .工具取代事物的名称 ,比如 : Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说 . 3.以作者取代作品 ,比如 :
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 4.以详细事物取代抽象观点 ,比如 :
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 可编写
.
我有力气 ,他们就用我的力气赚钱 .
5.Several years later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was coming to inspect them... 几年此后,他们听闻拿破仑要亲
自来视察他们。 “word在”这里取代了 “news, information(消”息、
信息)
6.Al spoke with his eyes,
“艾yes尔用”眼.睛说, “是的 ”。
“说 ”应当是嘴的功能, 这里其实是用眼神表达了 “说话的意
思”。
7.A doctor mmust have the heart of a lion and the hand of a
lady.
8.She was to be sure a girl, who excited the emoions, but I was not the one to let my heart rule my head.
4.Synecdoche 提喻
提喻用部分取代全体 ,或用全体取代部分 ,或特别取代一般一
般取代特别 .又称举隅法,举隅指贯通融会之意,拥有
“牵一发而
动浑身 ”之功能。主要特色是局部代表全体, 或以全体喻指部分,
或以抽象代详细,或以详细代抽象。它常常因微见著,在提到某
人或某物时,不直呼其名,与其密不行分的东西来取代。
It is
involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part.
比如 :
1.There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里
约有 100 名工人 .
2.He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿 . 可编写
.
3.The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽
子很相当 .
4.The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the
flesh and
blood of millions of men.
并且是用几百万人的
长城不单是用石头和土建筑的,
血和肉建成的。句中的 “the flesh and blood 喻为”“the great
sacrifice 巨”大的牺牲
5. “...saying that it was the most b eautiful tongue in the world
他说这是世界上最美的语言。这里用详细的
“tongue代”替抽
象的 “language。”
6.Many eyes turned to a tall,20 ―year black girl on the U.S.
team. 很 多人 将眼 光投 向美 国队一个高 高的 20 岁的 黑姑
娘. “many eyes代”替了 “many persons。”
[转喻、提喻、换称三种修辞手法的对照
一.转喻( Metonymy )的定义与用法:
1. 定义:用某一事物的名称取代另一事物的名称的修辞手法叫做转喻或借代。
这两种事物之间有着亲密有关的联系。 (A metonymy is a
figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated.)
2. 用法:转喻往常用以下几种方式指代:可编写
.
①依据人名或商品品牌名:
Uncle Sam 山姆大叔 Americans or the American government
美国人 / 美国政府
John Bull 约翰牛 the English nation or a typical Englishman
(英国 / 地道英国人)
He is reading Shakespeare. 他在读莎士比亚作品。
S's works
用作者指代作品 He went in debt just to keep up with the Joneses. 他为了与邻居攀比而欠债。 neighbours(用 “琼斯家 ”指代 “邻居 ”)
We drove a Ford to Hyde Park.
到海德公园去。
我们驾驶一辆福特牌小轿车
a car whose make is Ford (用品牌名指代实物) ②依据实物名称:
Finally she married money. 她最后嫁给了有钱人
用钱指代 “有钱人
a rich man
I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night
and day. 我住在飞机场邻近,昼夜能够听到过往的飞机声。
the
noise made by passing planes
③依据动植物名称:
用“过往的飞机 ”指代 “噪音 ”
the big apple (大苹果) →New York city (纽约市) 可编写
.
Russian bear 俄国熊 →Russians or the Russian go vernment
俄国人 / 俄国政府
British lion (英国狮) →England or the English government
(英国 / 英国政府)
The flower of the nation was sent off to war. 该国的壮小伙
子都被送去打仗了。 the strong young men ( the flower 往常用来指代 “精英 ”、“精髓 ”等。在句中,它被用来指代 “壮小伙子 ”。)
④依据工具名:
When the war was over, he laid down the sword and took up
the pen. arms writing 战争结束后,他放下武器,从事写作。
The pen is mightier than the sword.
文章胜武力 books and
writing armed force (用 “笔 ”指代 “文章 ”,用 “剑”指代 “武力 ”。)
Only the knife can save him
用手术刀指代手术
只有手术刀能拯救他 operation
⑤依据职业名:
I could not hear the actors 我听不见演员的台词 ,演员指代台
词
Some students were talking loudly in class that I could not
hear the teacher clearly. 一些学生在讲堂上高声说话,我听不清 老师的课。 the teacher's lecture
(用 “老师 ”指代 “老师的课 ”。)
可编写
.
⑥依据装东西的容器或容器里所装的东西: He is too fond of the bottle.
他太喜爱饮酒了。 wine 用容器
瓶指代内含的物质酒
The kettle is boiling. 水开了。 the water in the kettle 用容器
壶指代内含的物质水
His purse would not allow him that luxury.
他钱包里的钱不
同意他那么豪侈。
the money in his purse (用 “钱包 ”指代它里面所装的 “钱”。)Two beers, please. 请来两杯啤酒。 two glasses of beer (用
内含的物质 “啤酒 ”指代容器 “杯 ”。)
⑦依据身体的部位:
Brain drain. 人材流失。 talent (用 “大脑 ”指代 “人材 ”。)
But I was not one to let my heart rule my head. 我可不是那
种让感情驾御理智的人。 feelings or emotions reason or good
sense(用 “心 ”指代 “感情 ”,用 “头 ”指代 “理智 ”。)
Grey hairs should be respected. 老年人应当遇到敬爱。 old
people (“头发 ”是人体的一部分, 其前加了形容词 “灰白的 ”以后,
拥有一种象征意义,常用来指代 “老年人 ”。)
⑧依据典型实物借代职业:
可编写
.
He decided to enter the bar after college. 他决定大学毕业后当律师。 the legal profession (the bar 原意是法庭围栏,现常用来指代律师职业) Members of the press weren't allowed into
the combat zone. 新闻记者禁止进入战斗地区。 reporters the press 原意是印刷机,现用来指新闻记者
newspaper
He has been appointed to the bench. 他被任命为法官。 position of judge ( the bench 原意是法官的席位,现常用来指代法官。)
⑨依据制作某东西的资料:
He had only a few coppers in his pocket.
铜币。 coins (copper 是制作 coin 的资料。)
他口袋里只有几个
She was dressed in silks. 她穿丝绸衣服 silk clothes silk 是制
作 clothes 的料子
⑩依据政府、工商公司的所在地以及事物活动的场所:
the White House(白宫)→the U.S. government(美国政府)
Wall Street (华尔街) →U.S. financial circles (美国金融界) Capitol Hill (国会山) →the United States Congress (美国国
会) Foggy Bottom (雾谷) →U.S. State Department (美国国务
院) Hollywood (好莱坞) →American film -making industry (美
国电影业) Madison Avenue 麦迪逊大街 →American advertising
industry 美国广告业
可编写
.
Downing Street (唐宁街) →the British government (英国政
府)
Fleet Street (舰队街) →The British press (英国新闻界) Down Under (对跖地) →Australia or New Zealand (澳大利
亚或新西兰) The field was won after two hours of bloody fighting.
the battle 经过 2 小时的浴血奋战,战斗获得了成功。 (用 “战斗 场所 ”指代 “战斗 ”。)
二.提喻( Synecdoche )的定义与用法:
1. 定义:用局部取代全体或全体取代局部, 用属取代种或种
取代属,用详细代
替抽象或抽象取代详细的修辞手法叫做提喻。(A
synecdoche is a figure of speech that involves the substitution of
the part
for the whole or the whole for the part, and the
substitution of the species for the genus or the genus for the species, and also the substitution of the concrete for the abstract or the abstract for the concrete.)
2. 用法:
①以局部代全体:
The poor man had six mouths to feed. 这可怜的人要养六口
人 people (“口 ”不过人体的一部分,在此用来指代 “人”。)
The poor man is now left without a roof. 这可怜的人落得个
上无片瓦。 house (“屋顶 ”不过房屋的一部分, 在此用来指代 “房
屋”。)
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