Chapter One
Ⅱ. 1. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s k of the rules
of his language.
2. Langue refers to the a linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.
3. D is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.
4. Language is a system of a vocal symbols used for human communication.
5. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s .
6. Human capacity for language has a g basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.
7. P refers to the realization of langue in actual use.
8. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a linguistics.
9. Language is p in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce
and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before..
10. Linguistics is generally defined as the s study of language.
11. Language is a system of a symbols used for human communication. use, it is said to be d ; if it aims to lay down rules for “correct” behavior,
it is said to be p .
14. In modern linguistics, S study seems to enjoy priority over d study. The reason is that successful studies of various states of a language would be the foundations of a historical study.
15. Langue refers to the a linguistic system shared by all the members of
a speech community; and parole refers to the r of langue in actual use.
16. Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’s k of the rules of his language, and performance, the actual r of this knowledge in linguistic communication.
17. “ A rose by any other name would smell as sweet”. This famous quotation from Shakespeare illustrates that language has the design feature of
a .
18. The property of d of language provides a speaker with an opportunity to talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and place.
19. Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, one of Sounds, and the other of w . This double articulation of language enables its users to talk about anything within their knowledge.
20. An English speaker and a Chinese speaker are both able to use language, but they are not mutually intelligible, which shows that language is culturally t .
III.
1. The study of _____ does NOT form the core of linguistics.
A. syntax B. pragmatics C. morphology D. sociolinguistics
2. If the study of meaning is conducted in the context of language use, a branch of linguistic study called _____ come into being.
A. syntax B. semantics C. morphology D. pragmatics
3. Which of the following statements is no the concern of psycholinguistics?
A. It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when we use language
B. It relates the social norms that determine the type of language to be used in a certain occasion.
C. It pays more attention to the study of language acquisition in children
D. It focuses on the way of processing the information we receive in the course of communication.
4. Which of the following words is the entire arbitrary one? A. book B. beautiful C. crash D. newspaper
5. Which of the following items is not a design feature of human language？
A. arbitrariness B. competence
C. displacement D. productivity
6. The difference between modern linguistics and traditional grammar are all of the following EXCEPT _______
A. descriptive vs. prescriptive
B. non Latin-based vs. Latin-based framework C. spoken vs. written
D. competence vs. performance
7. The term _____ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stage.
A. synchronic B. comparative C. diachronic
D. historical comparative
8. Which word is the absolute arbitrary one? A. careful B. handbag C. crack D. table
9. The application of linguistics principles and theories to language teaching and learning is called _____.
A. sociolinguistics B. Psycholinguistics C. computational linguistics D. Applied Linguistics
10. ______ is regarded as the “Father of modern linguistics”. A. Chomsky B. Saussure C. Halliday
D. Whorf
11. Competence refers to ________.
A. the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language
B. the actual realization of the language user’s knowledge of the rules in utterances
C. knowledge of meaning of words and sentences D. what speakers can actually do with language
12. The subject area on the borders of linguistics and literature has become known as _____ .
A. anthropological linguistics B. linguistic stylistics C. neurolinguistics D. mathematical linguistics
13. The distinction between competence and performance is similar to the distinction between ________.
A. prescriptive & descriptive B. synchronic and diachronic C. speech and writing D. langue & parole
14. _____ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language.
A. applied linguistics B. sociolinguistics C. psycholinguistics
D. anthropological linguistics
15. Children can speak before they can read or write shows that ______.
A. language is arbitrary B. language is productive
C. language is used for communication D. language is basically vocal
16. _____ means the lack of logical connection between the form of something and its expression in sounds.
A. Ambiguity B. Fuzziness C. Abstractness D. Arbitrariness
17. Which of the following statements about language is NOT TRUE?
A. Language means the system of pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary
B. Language includes animal and artificial features of language
C. Language means a particular type or style of language used for a particular purpose
D. Language refers to the common features of all human languages
18. All human languages are organized on two levels: the sound level –meaningless, the grammatical level – meaningful. This means language has the design feature of _______.
A. duality B. changeable C. creative D. arbitrary
19. ____ are two sub-branches of linguistics that study the units at the grammatical level.
A. morphology and semantics B. morphology and syntax C. semantics and syntax
D. morphology and phonology
20. ____ dictionary established a uniform standard for English spelling and word use.
A. Longman B. Oxford C. Webster’s D. Johnson’s
21. Langue & Parole are a pair of important distinctions put forward by
_______ . A. Chomsky B. Lyons C. Saussure D. Halliday
22. Language has the feature of ____ in the sense that users can understand and produce sentences they have never heard before.
A. duality
B. interchangeability C. displacement D. productivity
23. Linguistics gives priority to the spoken language instead of the written language because ______.
A. vocal sounds are derived from writing systems
B. spoken language precedes written language only in Indo-European languages
C. we have recording devices to study speech in modern times
D. speech precedes writing everywhere in the world
24. The distinction between competence and performance is
made by _____ in _______.
A. F. de. Saussure; Swiss B. Noam Chomsky; USA C. M. A. K. Halliday; UK D. L. Bloomfield; USA
25. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _______.
A. prescriptive B. analytic C. descriptive D. linguistic
26. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?
A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement C. Duality
D. Meaningfulness
27. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _______.
A. primary B. correct C. secondary D. stable
28. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because _______.
A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing
B. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed
C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue
D. All of the above
29. A historical study of language is a_______ study of language.
A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptive D. comparative
30. Saussure took a(n) _______ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a ________ point of view.
A. sociological, psychological B. psychological, sociological C. applied, pragmatic D. semantic, linguistic
31. According to F. de Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.
A. parole B. performance C. langue D. Language
32. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _______ and meanings.
A. sense B. sounds C. objects D. ideas
33. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called _______.
A. displacement
B. duality C. flexibility
D. cultural transmission
34. The details of any language system is passed on from one generation to the next through _______, rather than by instinct.
A. learning B. teaching C. books D. both A and B
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