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第11课翻译技巧--切分与合并(1)

来源:意榕旅游网
 ⼀、 切分

  英语中长句较多, 句中修饰语多且长,使句⼦结构复杂,所以英译汉时,不能照样克隆复制,⽽是得根据汉语语法的特点,灵活处理。切分就是⼀种常⽤的⽅法,是指把英语中的长句分解成两个或两个以上的句⼦。它常包括单词分译、短语分译和句⼦分译等三种情况。  (⼀) 单词分译

  单词分译是指把原⽂中的⼀个单词拆译成⼀个⼩句或者句⼦。采⽤单词分译主要有两个⽬的:⼀是为了句法上的需要。由于⼀些单词在搭配、词义等⽅⾯的特点,直译会使句⼦⽣硬晦涩,翻译腔⼗⾜,⽽把某个单词分译却能使句⼦通顺,且不损伤原意。⼆是为了修饰上的需要,如加强语⽓,突出重点等。英语中的名词、动词、形容词和副词等都可分译。例如:  (1)We recognize that China's long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizeseconomic growth.

  我们认识到,中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点,这是可以理解的,也是必要的。

  (2) Then and there he named the startled General lying wounded on his cot the new Commander in Chief of theAirforce…

  他就在当时当地任命这位躺在榻上治伤的将军为空军总司令,使这位将军吃了⼀惊。  (3) A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle.  我离开那个猫⼉洞的速度之快,要是拍成电影的话,会象出膛的⼦弹⼀样。

  (4) Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as law-breakers, letalone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society.

  显然,数百万美国⼈从来没有想过⾃⼰会违法,更不⽤说犯罪了,⽽就是他们正在越来越肆意歪曲旨在保护和培育这个社会的法律条⽂,这真令⼈痛⼼。

  (原⽂中painfully apparent如照字⾯译成\"痛⼼地明显的\",不合汉语表达习惯,将painfully单译成句,既突出了重点,表明作者对这⼀现象感到痛⼼的⼼情,⼜使语⾔⾃然流畅。)

  (5) At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.  现在,⼈们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题,因为它安全,不招风险。

  (choose the safety of the middle-ground reply如机械直译成\"选择不偏不倚回答问题的安全\",语⾔晦涩难懂。将safety分译出来则较好地解决了这⼀问题。)

  (6) Auntie Julia vainly asked each of her neighbours in turn to tell her what Gabriel had said.  朱利亚姨妈接连向坐在旁边的⼈打听加布⾥埃尔刚才说了些什么,却没有问出个所以然来。  (⼆) 短语分译

  短语分译是指把原⽂中的⼀个短语分译成⼀个句⼦。名词短语、分词短语、介词短语等有时都可以分译成句。例如:  (1) These cheerful little trams, dating back to 1873, chug and sway up the towering hills with bells ringing and peoplehanging from every opening.

  这些令⼈欢快的⼩缆车建于1873年,嘎嚓嘎嚓摇摆爬上⾼耸的⼭峦。车上铃⼉叮当作响,每个窗⼝都是⼈。(介词短语分译)

  (2) The military is forbidden to kill the vessel, a relatively easy task.

  军⽅被禁⽌击毁这艘潜艇,虽然要击毁它并不怎么费事。(名词短语分译)

  (3) Invitingly green Angel Island, once a military installation, contains meandering trails and picnic spots ideal for aday's excursion.

  迷⼈的天使岛郁郁葱葱,⼩径蜿蜒,是⼀⽇游的理想野餐场所。但在过去它却是⼀个军事基地。(名词短语分译)  (三) 句⼦分译

  句⼦分译可以分为简单句的分译、并列复合句的分译、主从复合句的分译以及其他情况的分译。  A. 简单句的分译

  (1) Daybreak comes with thick mist and drizzle.  黎明时分,⼤雾弥漫,细⾬蒙蒙。

  (2) But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.但是,如果该地区再次发⽣战争,显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。

  B. 并列复合句的分译

  并列英语复合句常常在分句连接处加以切分,译成两个或两个以上的句⼦。例如:

  (1) I sat with his wife in their living room, looking out the glass doors to the backyards, and there was Allen's pool, stillcovered with black plastic that had been stretched across it for winter.

  我跟他妻⼦⼀起坐在他们家的起居室⾥,望着玻璃门外的后院。后院⾥有阿伦的游泳池,上⾯还盖着过冬时铺上去的⿊⾊塑料蓬。(在连词and处切分)

  (2) On her once familiar street, as in any unused channel, an unfamiliar queerness had silted up; a cat wove itself inand out of railings, but no human eye watched Mrs Drover's return.

  ⾛在⼀度熟悉的⼤街上,就像在⼀条没有⼈⾛过的道路上⼀样,她⼼⾥充满了从未有过的新奇。⼀只猫在栏杆那⼉绕来绕去,但是没有⼈留意特罗弗太太回来。(在;处切分)

  (3) The entire cable-car system recently got an overhaul after more than a century of operations, so you are on firmground even if the streets seem to be tilting beneath you.

  在运⾏了⼀个世纪之后,最近对整个缆车系统进⾏了彻底检修。所以即使你觉得街道似乎在下⾯倾斜,你在缆车上仍很安全。(在连词so处切分)

  (4) The recruitment of Chinese labor was not universally accepted in racially conscious 19th century America andsome white workers were unsettled by their appearance in large numbers.

  在种族意识⼗分强的19世纪的美国,招募中国劳⼯的做法并⾮普遍为⼈接受。由于⼯地上⼤批出现中国劳⼯,某些⽩⼈⼯⼈感到⼼绪不宁。(在连词and处切分)

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