江苏专版2018年高考英语二轮复习专题五书面表达任务型阅读与书面表达组合练二

(限时40分钟)

Ⅰ.任务型阅读

(2017·镇江高三一模)Between 1938 and 1942, researchers in Boston were busy getting down to a study of adolescent boys and their family relationships. Some 60 years later, different researchers followed up with the participants and found that those raised in warmer family environments were more securely attached to their partners in the later years of life.

In a study published last week in Psychological Science, co­authors Robert Waldinger, a psychiatrist at Harvard Medical School, and Marc Schulz, a psychologist at Bryn Mawr College, combined many decades of data previously gathered on a group of men with data they recently collected on the same men to offer unique long­term thinking on the connection between early childhood environment, how men regulate emotions in middle age and the security of their attachments in close relationships late in life.

Security of attachment, a concept that first appeared in the 1960s, is the idea that because we are helpless for large portions of our childhood and old age we need to be good at forming attachments with others and keeping them around to take care of us. “Each person has certain people who are their main attachment figures，” Waldinger says — in other words, the person you would “call in the middle of the night if you were terrified and needed someone to come over”．

We start forming attachments at a very young age and continue to do so throughout our lives.

Waldinger and Schulz determined that regardless of socioeconomic standing the men raised in warmer family environments used more adaptive strategies to manage their negative emotions in midlife, and were also more securely attached to their partners late in life. These results suggest our childhood environment affects our relationships not only into adulthood but for the rest of our lives.

For Schulz, the findings highlight the need for services such as family leave that support parents and allow them to create better family environments. He also stresses the importance of good social services that can get involved when children end up in poor or unsafe family settings. “Kids may not remember specific events, particularly early in their lifetimes，” Schulz says. “But the accumulation of loving, nurturing family environments really has an impact over a

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long period of time.”

Waldinger and Schulz also emphasize that there are many ways to overcome having a less­than­idyllic childhood, such as actively working on developing warmer, healthier relationships as an adult or learning how to use more adaptive strategies to deal with negative emotions.

Chris Fraley, a psychologist at the University of Illinois at Urbana­Champaign who studies attachment but was not involved in the present study, was surprised by the results. “There are so many ways in which people's lives can evolve across time，” such as financial hardships, illness, divorce or occupational uncertainty, he wrote in an e­mail, adding, “The fact that the authors found such an association is remarkable, and raises a number of questions about the factors that explain why it exists.” Fraley pointed out, however, that the study is small, a limitation the researchers themselves acknowledge. He also cautioned that an association between early childhood experiences and attachment later in life doesn't necessarily mean the former causes the latter.

Still, the best option is to provide kids with a warm family environment early in life, Waldinger says. “The bottom line is that how we take care of children is just so vitally important. And protecting their development is essential for lifelong well­being.”

Theme Result of the study The happier the childhood, the stronger the bonds in old age. People who are (1)________ up in warmer family environments have more (2)________ attachments with their partners in the later years of life. ●Security of attachment, a concept first (3)________ in the Concept of security of attachment 1960s, is the idea that due to our helplessness in most of our childhood and old age we need to be good at forming attachments with others and keeping them around to take care of us. ●Each person has some people to (4)________ to when he is terrified or needs company or comfort badly. Findings of Waldinger and Schulz ●Our childhood environment affects our relationships both into adulthood and for the rest of our lives. ●Services like family leave make it (5)________ for parents to create a better family environment for cultivating children. 2

●Good social services can get involved when children end up in poor or unsafe family settings. ●(6)________ the fact that kids may not remember specific events, particularly early in their lifetimes, the accumulation of loving, nurturing family environments really makes a (7)________ to our relationships over a long period of time. ●There are many ways to overcome having a less­than­idyllic childhood, learning how to use more adaptive strategies to deal with negative emotions included. ●The fact of finding such an association is remarkable, and Chris Fraley's opinion raises many questions about the factors which explain the reason for its (8)________． ●An (9)________ between early childhood experiences and attachment doesn't necessarily mean attachment later in life. Conclusion 语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究主要探讨了早期家庭环境对晚年亲密关系中安全感的影响。

1．brought 信息转换题。根据第一段第二句中的“those raised in warmer family environments were ...”可知，在温馨的家庭环境中长大的人，在晚年时更依恋他们的伴侣。固定搭配bring up意为“教育，养育”，与raise意思相近。

2．secure 信息转换题。根据第一段第二句中的“those raised in warmer family environments were more securely attached to their partners in the later years of life”及题干可知，名词attachments前应用形容词secure。

3．appearing/emerging 信息转换题。根据第三段第一句中的“Security of attachment, a concept that first appeared in the 1960s”可知，亲附安全首先出现在20世纪60年代。此处应用现在分词appearing/emerging作定语修饰a concept。

4．turn/look 信息概括题。根据第三段中的内容可知，每个人都有自己的依恋对象，即每个人都有自己处于困境中时要求助的人。固定搭配turn/look to sb.意为“求助于/指望某人”。

5．possible 信息转换题。根据第六段第一句可知，像探亲假这样的服务使父母有可能创造一个更好的家庭环境来培养孩子们。此处应用形容词possible作宾语补足语。

6．Despite 信息转换题。根据第六段最后两句可知，尽管孩子们可能不记得具体发生

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(10)________ options we make, the best one is to provide kids with a warm family environment early in life. 过的事，尤其是在幼年，但充满爱的、抚养他们长大的家庭环境确实会产生影响。故填Despite“尽管”。

7．difference 信息转换题。根据第六段最后一句可知，充满爱的、抚养他们长大的家庭环境确实会产生影响。固定搭配make a difference意为“有影响，起作用”。

8．existence 信息转换题。根据第八段中的“The fact that the authors found such an association is remarkable, and raises a number of questions about the factors that explain why it exists.”可知，此处应用exist的名词形式existence“存在”。

9．association 直接信息题。根据第八段最后一句可直接得知答案。

10．Whatever 信息转换题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是第一句中的“Still, the best option is to provide kids with a warm family environment early in life”可知，无论我们作出什么选择，最好的选择是在孩子们的幼年给他们提供一个温馨的家庭环境。Whatever意为“无论什么”，在句中引导让步状语从句。

Ⅱ.书面表达

(2017·通、扬、泰、淮高三一模)请根据你对以下两幅图的理解，以“Opportunities favour the prepared mind”为题，用英语写一篇作文。

你的作文应包括以下内容： 1．简要描述两幅图的内容；

2．概述你对两幅图中不同做法的理解； 3．举例说明两幅图对你的启示。 注意：

1．可参照图片适当发挥； 2．作文词数150左右；

3．作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。

Opportunities favour the prepared mind

参考范文：

Opportunities favour the prepared mind

The two pictures reveal two men take completely different attitudes to building

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a bright future. In Picture 1, a man is dreaming of opportunities for a bright future, but without any action, while Picture 2 shows another man devotes himself to his studies to get fully prepared.

The message conveyed here is clear, “Opportunities favour the prepared mind.” The difference between the two lies only in the way each treats opportunities. Successful people always make adequate preparations to seize opportunities. Unsuccessful people, on the other hand, work little and just wait, seeing them pass by.

To further stress the importance of our attitude towards opportunities, let's take Sun Yang for example. In order to win the gold medal in the Olympics, he trained hard every day and eventually made it. Therefore, we should spare no effort to fulfill our dreams. It's universally acknowledged that we would accomplish nothing without actions and efforts.

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