科技翻译 专题复习

AReviewonScientificTranslation(E-C)

TigerZhou

SchoolofForeignLanguages,ShanghaiDianjiUniversity

第一章绪论

1.Anyonewhohaseverriddenonarailroadknowshowrapidlyanothertrainflashesbywhenitistravelingintheoppositedirectionandconverselyhowitmaylookalmostmotionlesswhenitismovinginthesamedirection.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Electroniccomputers,whichmakeitpossibletofreemanfromthelaborofcomplexmeasurementsandcomputations,havewideapplicationinengineering.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Thehardertherock,somuchthemoredifficultistheworkofdrilling,thoughfewtypesaresufficientlyhardtobeallowedtoremainafterblastingwithoutaliningofmasonryorconcrete._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Acarenginestartedfromcoldtakestimetowarmupandtoreachitscorrectoperatingtemperature.Thequickeritreachesthattemperaturethesooneritbeginsoperatingatitsmostefficient.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Traditionalfabricsweremadefromyarnsspunfromanimalorvegetablefibers.Withtheriseofthechemicalindustry,itbecamepossibletocreateman-madefibersfromcelluloseandothernaturalpolymers,ortomakefibersfromsyntheticpolymers.

1_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.Acomputerismadeofmillionsofelectronicdevicesthatcanstorethedataorswitchthemthroughcomplexcircuitswithdifferentfunctionsatincrediblespeeds.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.Wherebasemetalsaredeposited,eitherinveinsorasscatteredmineralgrains,minoramountsofgoldareusuallydepositedwiththem._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.Itisquitepossiblewithintheboundsofmedicalsciencetodaytocreateasquealing,ruddy-faced,utterlynormalhumanbodywithnofewerthanfiverecognizableparents.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.Chemicalprocessmodelingtypicallyinvolvesusingpurpose-builtsoftwaretodefineasystemofinterconnectedcomponents,whicharethensolvedsothatthesteady-stateordynamicbehaviorofthesystemcanbepredicated.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.Withdifferentimpuritiesadded,semiconductorsaremadeintotwotypes–theN-type,whichisreadytogiveupelectrons,thushavinganegativecharacter,andtheP-type,whichisliabletoacceptelectrons,thereforebeingofapositivecharacter.

2_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二章词义选择的准确性及其翻译

1.Findtheareaofasquarewhosesideis15cm.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Allglassisproducedbymelting,butthisstageiswherethefloatglassprocessisunique.Themoltenglassflowsoutofthefurnaceontoabathofmoltentin.Itfloatsontopofthetin,hencethenameof“floatglass”._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Mostofthesesingle-celledformsmakelightwhenevertheyarestimulatedorirritatedbysomethingaroundthem.Somekinds,however,producelightonlyatnight.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Don’trelyonquickpick-me-upslikecaffeineandalcohol.Thesemaymakeyoufeelbettertemporarilybutwon’tgettotherootoftheproblem.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Theintentionnowistointerceptthoseflowsatthesepumpstationsandthendischargethem,whetherbygravityorbypumping,throughasystemoflinksewer.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________37.Thisalsoanticipatesanevenmoreadvancedplatformwhichisthepolarplatformoftheinternationalspacestation,whichtheAmericansareleadingandinwhichvariouscountriesaretakingapart.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.Eachtimealivewireissurroundedbyamagneticfield,theforceactingonthewireisproportionaltothecurrentandthestrengthofthefield.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.Anamplifiermaybedefinedasadevicethatreceivesaninputsignalanddeliversanamplifiedoutputsignalrelatedtotheinputinadefiniteway.Manykindsofamplifyingdevicesareavailable,andmostareadaptableforuseincontrolsystems.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.Thereasonthatevenminuteconcentrationsofrecalcitrantcompoundscanbeharmfulisthephenomenonknownasbiomagnification,wherebyaconcentrationoftoxicchemicalsbyorganismsoccursnotonlyinaseriesofstepsupthefoodchain,butalsobydirectuptakefromwater._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第四章句式结构的繁复性及其翻译

1.Examiningbrainscansof320healthymenandwomenaged66to90,researchersfoundthatforeachyearofeducationthesubjectshad,therewasgreatershrinkageofouterlayerofthebrainknownasthecortex.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________42.Forexample,Coffey’steamreported,amongsubjectsofthesamesexandsimilarageandskullsize,thosewith16yearsofeducationhad8percentto10percentmorecerebrospinalfluidcomparedwiththosewhohavefouryearsofschooling.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Itisnotthatsedentarylivingcauseswrinkles,butthatvigorousexercisewardsthemoffbyincreasingbloodflow,whichbringsnutrientsandoxygentoskincells,encouragingsweating,whicheliminateswastes,raisingskintemperature,whichfosterscollagenproduction,relievingstress,whichshouldreducefrowningandfacialtightness,andhelpingyoutoavoidthecomplicationofrepeatedweightgainandloss.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Theyshouldbecuriousaboutthe“how”and“why”ofnaturalandmechanicalthingsandcreativeinfindingnewwaysofdoingthings,abletoanalyzeproblemssystematicallyandlogicallyandtocommunicatewellbothorallyandinwriting,andwillingtoworkwithinstrictbudgetsandmeettightdeadlines.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Inatypicalprocedureforinvestigatingeideticimagery,theexperimenterplacesarichlydetailedpictureagainstaneaselpaintedaneutralgrey,givesthechild30secondstolookatit,removesthepicture,andthenasksthechildtodescribewhatheseesontheeasel.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.Scientistswhobelievethatcomputersimulationofhumanproblem-solvingcanhaveenlighteningresultswoulddismisstheobjectionstothisideaasirrelevant,

5stemmingfromafundamentalmisunderstandingofwhatcomputersimulationisallabout.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.Aprenataltestforthecondition,basedonasampleofamnioticfluidfromthewomb,isalreadybeingofferedtowomenwhoareatriskbecauseofapreviouscotdeathinwhichtheenzymedeficiencyhasbeenestablished.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6科技翻译专题复习参

KeystoAReviewonScientificTranslation(E-C)

TigerZhou

SchoolofForeignLanguages,ShanghaiDianjiUniversity

第一章绪论

1.Anyonewhohaseverriddenonarailroadknowshowrapidlyanothertrainflashesbywhenitistravelingintheoppositedirectionandconverselyhowitmaylookalmostmotionlesswhenitismovinginthesamedirection.任何坐过火车的人都应该知道：当另一列火车从对面驶过来时，速度很快；相反，两列火车同向行驶时，感觉几乎是静止不动的。2.Electroniccomputers,whichmakeitpossibletofreemanfromthelaborofcomplexmeasurementsandcomputations,havewideapplicationinengineering.电子计算机能代替人类进行复杂的测量和计算，因此广泛适用于工程领域。3.Thehardertherock,somuchthemoredifficultistheworkofdrilling,thoughfewtypesaresufficientlyhardtobeallowedtoremainafterblastingwithoutaliningofmasonryorconcrete.岩石越坚硬，打钻就越困难。而且少数岩石，即使没有砖石和水泥的混合加固，也很难被炸坏。4.Acarenginestartedfromcoldtakestimetowarmupandtoreachitscorrectoperatingtemperature.Thequickeritreachesthattemperaturethesooneritbeginsoperatingatitsmostefficient.汽车发动需要时间预热才能达到合适的运行温度。预热越快，引擎就能越快开始最大化的运转。5.Traditionalfabricsweremadefromyarnsspunfromanimalorvegetablefibers.Withtheriseofthechemicalindustry,itbecamepossibletocreateman-madefibersfromcelluloseandothernaturalpolymers,ortomakefibersfromsyntheticpolymers.

传统织物是用动物或蔬菜上的纤维得来的纱线制成的。随着化工行业的兴起，现在已经可以用纤维素和其他天然聚合物以及人造的聚合物制作人造纤维。6.Acomputerismadeofmillionsofelectronicdevicesthatcanstorethedataorswitchthemthroughcomplexcircuitswithdifferentfunctionsatincredible

7speeds.

电脑是由数百万个电子元件组成的。这些元件可以储存数据，或通过复杂且具备不同功能的回路和惊人的速度转换数据。7.Wherebasemetalsaredeposited,eitherinveinsorasscatteredmineralgrains,minoramountsofgoldareusuallydepositedwiththem.

基本金属发生沉积，无论是形成矿脉还是分散的矿物颗粒，就会有少量的金元素随之沉积下来。8.Itisquitepossiblewithintheboundsofmedicalsciencetodaytocreateasquealing,ruddy-faced,utterlynormalhumanbodywithnofewerthanfiverecognizableparents.今天的医学完全有可能创造出一个尖声啼哭、脸色红润、且完全正常的人类婴儿。这些婴儿至少有五个可辨认的父母亲。9.Chemicalprocessmodelingtypicallyinvolvesusingpurpose-builtsoftwaretodefineasystemofinterconnectedcomponents,whicharethensolvedsothatthesteady-stateordynamicbehaviorofthesystemcanbepredicated.化学工程建模一般是使用专门用途的软件来定义一个内部相互连接的系统，找到内部联系的规律，以预测系统的稳定和动态行为。10.Withdifferentimpuritiesadded,semiconductorsaremadeintotwotypes–theN-type,whichisreadytogiveupelectrons,thushavinganegativecharacter,andtheP-type,whichisliabletoacceptelectrons,thereforebeingofapositivecharacter.根据添加杂质的不同，半导体可以分为两种型号——N型释放电子，具有负电性；P型需要吸收电子，具有正电性。第二章词义选择的准确性及其翻译

1.Findtheareaofasquarewhosesideis15cm.

求边长为15厘米的正方形面积。2.Allglassisproducedbymelting,butthisstageiswherethefloatglassprocessisunique.Themoltenglassflowsoutofthefurnaceontoabathofmoltentin.Itfloatsontopofthetin,hencethenameof“floatglass”.

8玻璃都是熔融而成的，且浮法玻璃的熔制过程与众不同，在制造过程中，融化的玻璃从熔炉里流出并浮在锡液表面，因而命名为“浮法玻璃”。3.Mostofthesesingle-celledformsmakelightwhenevertheyarestimulatedorirritatedbysomethingaroundthem.Somekinds,however,producelightonlyatnight.

大部分的单细胞生物受到环境的刺激和干扰就会发光，然而有些只在夜里发光。4.Don’trelyonquickpick-me-upslikecaffeineandalcohol.Thesemaymakeyoufeelbettertemporarilybutwon’tgettotherootoftheproblem.不要依赖一些像咖啡因和酒精类的快速提神饮品。这些可能暂时会起到舒缓作用，但无法解决根本。5.Theintentionnowistointerceptthoseflowsatthesepumpstationsandthendischargethem,whetherbygravityorbypumping,throughasystemoflinksewer.现在要做的就是去拦截各水泵站的水流，然后通过下水道系统，或者是靠自流，或者是靠泵抽，把污水排放出去。7.Thisalsoanticipatesanevenmoreadvancedplatformwhichisthepolarplatformoftheinternationalspacestation,whichtheAmericansareleadingandinwhichvariouscountriesaretakingapart.这同样预示着一个更为先进的平台将加入国际空间站极轨，它由美国人主导并且有很多不同的国家加入其中。8.Eachtimealivewireissurroundedbyamagneticfield,theforceactingonthewireisproportionaltothecurrentandthestrengthofthefield.一根通电的电线放入磁场，磁场对导线的作用力和电流与磁场强度成正比。9.Anamplifiermaybedefinedasadevicethatreceivesaninputsignalanddeliversanamplifiedoutputsignalrelatedtotheinputinadefiniteway.Manykindsofamplifyingdevicesareavailable,andmostareadaptableforuseincontrolsystems.

扬声器可以定义为一种接收输入信号，然后在特定的方式下产生一个与输入信号相关、放大的输出信号的设备。现在已有各种各样的扬声设备，并且大多可以适用于不同的控制系统。910.Thereasonthatevenminuteconcentrationsofrecalcitrantcompoundscanbeharmfulisthephenomenonknownasbiomagnification,wherebyaconcentrationoftoxicchemicalsbyorganismsoccursnotonlyinaseriesofstepsupthefoodchain,butalsobydirectuptakefromwater.

即使少量的难降解化合物负极也可能是有害的，其背后的原因是生物放大现象。这种有害化合物在生物体内的负极有可能是从食物链中获得的，也有可能是从水中直接摄取的。第四章句式结构的繁复性及其翻译

1.Examiningbrainscansof320healthymenandwomenaged66to90,researchersfoundthatforeachyearofeducationthesubjectshad,therewasgreatershrinkageofouterlayerofthebrainknownasthecortex.通过对年龄在66到90岁的320位健康男女的脑部进行扫描，研究者们发现研究对象每多有一年的教育经历，大脑皮层的外表层就会更萎缩。2.Forexample,Coffey’steamreported,amongsubjectsofthesamesexandsimilarageandskullsize,thosewith16yearsofeducationhad8percentto10percentmorecerebrospinalfluidcomparedwiththosewhohavefouryearsofschooling.科菲领导的研究小组发表报告称，在性别相同、年龄相似、脑体积相近的受试者中，接受过16年教育的人比接受过4年教育的人多8%到10%的脑脊液。3.Itisnotthatsedentarylivingcauseswrinkles,butthatvigorousexercisewardsthemoffbyincreasingbloodflow,whichbringsnutrientsandoxygentoskincells,encouragingsweating,whicheliminateswastes,raisingskintemperature,whichfosterscollagenproduction,relievingstress,whichshouldreducefrowningandfacialtightness,andhelpingyoutoavoidthecomplicationofrepeatedweightgainandloss.并不是说久坐会使人产生皱纹，而是适当的锻炼能防止皱纹产生，促进血液循环，把养分和氧气带给皮肤细胞；锻炼能排汗，排除体内垃圾；锻炼能提高皮肤温度，从而促进胶原蛋白合成；锻炼能减压，减少皱眉，消除面部肌肉紧绷；同时锻炼还能避免体重忽增忽减的混乱状态。4.Theyshouldbecuriousaboutthe“how”and“why”ofnaturalandmechanicalthingsandcreativeinfindingnewwaysofdoingthings,abletoanalyzeproblemssystematicallyandlogicallyandtocommunicatewellbothorallyandinwriting,andwillingtoworkwithinstrictbudgetsandmeettightdeadlines.

他们应该对自然之物和机械原理充满好奇，想知道它们如何运作以及为什么运作，能够创造性地发现开展工作的新方法，能够系统性地、逻辑地分析问题，善于口头或书面形式的沟通，能够接受紧缩的预算和工期。105.Inatypicalprocedureforinvestigatingeideticimagery,theexperimenterplacesarichlydetailedpictureagainstaneaselpaintedaneutralgrey,givesthechild30secondstolookatit,removesthepicture,andthenasksthechildtodescribewhatheseesontheeasel.

在一个调查鲜明表象的典型实验中，实验者把一幅色彩丰富的图片放在一个灰色的画架上，给孩子们30秒的时间来观察，之后拿走图片，让他们描述在画架上看到的东西。6.Scientistswhobelievethatcomputersimulationofhumanproblem-solvingcanhaveenlighteningresultswoulddismisstheobjectionstothisideaasirrelevant,stemmingfromafundamentalmisunderstandingofwhatcomputersimulationisallabout.出于对计算机仿真技术的根本误解，一些科学家认为模拟人类解决问题的计算机有启发性结果，同时他们对反对意见不屑一顾。7.Aprenataltestforthecondition,basedonasampleofamnioticfluidfromthewomb,isalreadybeingofferedtowomenwhoareatriskbecauseofapreviouscotdeathinwhichtheenzymedeficiencyhasbeenestablished.现在可用从子宫内取出抽样羊水的方法为先前因酶缺乏而死去的婴儿的孕妇提供产前检查，但她们仍存在风险。11