英语语法基础

动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时，称为动名词，动名词在句中可以： 1）用作主语：

Dancing bored him。 跳舞使他厌烦。 2）用作表语：

Her hobby is collecting stamps. 她的爱好是集邮。 3）用作宾语：

Please stop talking.请不要说话了。 4）用作介词宾语：

He was arrested for smuggling. 他因走私而被捕。 5）构成合成词：

Who won the singing contest? 歌咏比赛谁赢了？ 还可用于下面这类句子中：

No smoking. 禁止吸烟。 No loitering.不许在此逗留。 No spitting. 禁止吐痰。 No parking。禁止泊车。 作为动词，它也有几种形式：

主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 它也可以有它的宾语（a）或状语（b）：

a. He was fond of playing tennis .他喜欢打网球。

b. She is thinking of going home this summer. 她想今年夏天回家。 它还可以用一个代词或名词所有格表示其逻辑上的主语： He disliked her working late. 他不喜欢她工作到很晚。 用名词所有格显得比较文气，在口语中常把’s省略掉：

I don’t remember my mother’s talking about it.(较文气的说法) I don’t remember my mother talking about it. (较口语化的说法) 有些动名词已变得接近名词或变成名词，它们可有复数形式（a），前面 可加冠词（b），甚至有定语修饰(c)：

a. Dickens often gave rendings of his works. 狄更斯常常朗读自己的作品。 b. Who did the cooking? 谁做的饭？

c. I always enjoy a little light reading. 我一向喜欢读点轻松的东西。 这些可称为名词化动名词（Verbal Nouns）。有些以-ing结尾的词已完全 变成名词：

He could not analyze his feeling. 他没法分析自己的感情。 Take good care of your belongs. 注意保管好你的东西。

动名词做主语和表语 编辑本段回目录

1）动名词可用作主语

Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲语法容易。 Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴。 Walking is my sole exercise. 散步是我唯一的运动。

To her, windsurfing is too dangerous.在她看来冲浪太危险。。 Talking mends no holes. （谚）空谈无济于事。

2）有时可用先行词it作主语，而把动名词主语放到句子后部去，作表语的可以是形容词）（a），也可以是名词（b）：

a. It’s nice seeing you again. 再次见到你太好了。 It’s hopeless arguing about it. 争辩这事没有用。 Is it worthwhile quarreling with her ? 和她吵架值得吗？ b. It’s a wonder meeting you here .在这里碰到你真是奇迹。 It’s no good coming before that . 在那之前来没有用。 It’s been a lot of fun staying here.住在这里很有意思。 It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。 3）“There is +no”后可以用动名词作主语，表示“没法„”： There was no knowing what he could do .他能做什么很难说。 He’s selfish,there’s no denying it.他很自私，这是不可否认的 There was no mistaking in his intention.他的意图不可能看错。 4) 动名词还可用作表语：

Her hobby is painting. 她的爱好是绘画。

Her favourite sport is skiing.她最喜欢的运动是滑雪。 Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。 Seeing is believe. （谚）眼见为实。

动名词作宾语编辑本段回目录

1）有许多动词可用动名词作宾语： Do you enjoy teaching?你喜欢教书吗？ Fancy meeting you!真想不到在这里碰到你。 I couldn’t help laughing.我禁不住笑了起来。 He kept complaining.他不停地抱怨。

I couldn’t risk missing the train.我不能冒搭不上火车的险。 So you prefer living abroad?这样说你更愿意住在国外？

I advised taking a different approach.我建议采取另一种处理方法。 Would you mind moving your car?劳驾把车挪一下可以吗？ He never can resist making a joke.他总是禁不住要说笑话。 2）许多成语动词也可以用动名词作宾语：

He has given up playing football.他现在不踢足球了。

They will put off doing it until next year.他们将推迟到明年再做此事。 He burst out crying like a child.他像小孩一样突然哭了起来。

在（be）worth后也可跟动名词作宾语：

His suggestion is worth considering.他的建议值得考虑。 It’s worth making an effort.这值得作一番努力。

3）有些动词可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语，有时两者意思不同，如： I remember telling you about it.我记得曾告诉过你这件事。 Remember to tell him about it.记得告诉他这件事。

4）有时两种结构只有细微的差别，例如在like,love,prefer,hate,dread等动词后，动名词多表示一般情况，不定式多表示即将发生的事： Do you like reading?你喜欢看书吗？

I should like to hear others views.我愿意听听别人的意见。 She dreads seeing them.她害怕见到他们。

I dread to think what may happen.我害怕去想会发生什么情况。 有时两者可以换用，意思上没有差别：

He hated thinking (to think)about it.他不愿想这件事。

She loves having(to have)lots of young men round her.她喜欢周围有许多青年男子。 I like reading(to read) detective stories.我喜欢看侦探小说。

She prefers living(to live)among the office workers.她宁愿生活在上班族中间。

5）在begin ，Start，intend，continue和cease后跟动名词或不定式都可以。有时意思上没有什么差别，例如：

It has started raining(to rain).开始下雨了。 The band began playing(to play).乐队开始演奏。

He intended coming(to come) back soon.他打算不久就回来。

She continued working(to work)as if nothing had happened.她继续干活，好像什么也没有发生过。

They ceased talking(to talk)and I began reading.他们停止了交谈，我开始看书。

有时有点细微的差别，在begin，Start和cease后，不定式多表示情况发生变化（a）,而动名词表示有意识地开始或停止（b）.

a．Suddenly it started to rain.天突然下起雨来。 Philip began to cry.菲利普哭了起来。

The matter has ceased to be a mystery to us.这事对我们不再是个迷。 b Then the little girl started singing.这时那小姑娘开始唱歌。 We began making preparitions for the trip.我们开始作旅行的准备。 The factory has ceased making bicycles.该厂已停止生产自行车。 在以-ing结尾的动词后不宜再用动名词，以避免-ing的重复： He was beginning to miss her.他开始惦记她。 It’s starting to rain.天开始下起雨来。

【注】stop后面有时跟不定式，但它并不是宾语而是状语，用于说明stop的目的： He stopped to talk to us.他停下来和我们说话。

（比较：He stopped talking to us.他停止和我们交谈。）

动名词作介词的宾语编辑本段回目录

1）有许多由介词构成的成语动词后可以跟动名词作宾语： She insisted to writing at once.她坚持马上就写。

The young man dreamed of becoming a surgeon这个小伙子一心想成为一名外科医生。. The plant must aim at increasing production,工厂必须努力增加生产。 He never complained about working overtime.他从不抱怨加班加点。

She was looking forward to learning the hospital wards.她盼望离开医院病房。 2）还有不少“be+形容词+介词”的结构后也常可用动名词作宾语： Are you interested in going with us?你有兴趣和我们一道去吗？ He was fond of speaking French.他很喜欢语。 I’m tired of thinking about it.想这事我已经想烦了。

I’m used to dealing with matters of this sort.处理这种事我已经习惯了。 3）在“及物动词+宾语+介词”这类结构后，也常可跟动名词作宾语：

They accused him of playing his radio too loudly.他们指责他开收音机开得太响。 Thank you for doing this job for us.谢谢你帮我们做了这件事。 That did not prevent him from doing so. 这并没有组织他那样做。

Nothing would stop me from achieving my ambition. 什么也不能阻止我实现我的抱负。 常用动名词作宾语：

4）许多介词可以跟动名词构成状语：

Bass waited a little while before making up his mind.巴斯稍等了一会才拿定主意。 After standing in the queue for an hour,we got two tickets.站了一小时的队，我们买了两张票。

I don’t blame you for being cautious.你小心谨慎我不怪你。 There is nothing to gain by waiting.坐等不会有收获。 She dissusded me from doing it.她劝我不要做那事。 5）还有一些由介词构成的短语，后面可跟动名词作宾语：

He is studying with a view to going to university.他在学习，准备上大学。 I called in the hope of finding her at home.我去拜访是想在她家找到她。 6）有些介词可以和动名词构成定语：

What’s the advantage of using nuclear power?利用核能有什么好处？ I have no objection to sending him abroad.我不反对派他出国。 I have no intention of defending myself.我无心为自己辩护。 间或介词也可和动词一道构成表语：

I’m for doing nothing till the police arrive.我主张在到来之前不要采取任何行动。 Father was against selling the property.父亲反对出售这份产业。

Talking to him was like playing on an exquisite violin.和他谈话就像弹奏一把美妙的提琴。

动名词的被动形式和完成形式编辑本段回目录

1）动名词有时需用被动形式，可作动词的宾语（a）或介词的宾语（b）：

a．He hates being interrupted.他不愿意被人打断。

I appreciate being given this opportunity.我很感谢给了我这个机会。 He just missed being caught.他差点没被抓住。

b．I object to being spoken to like that.我反对别人对我这样讲话。 He hoped to get out without being seen.他不希望不被人看见溜出来。 She is far from being pleased about it.对此她很不满意。 I’m not used to being treated like this.我不习惯受这种款待。 间或也可用作主语：

It felt funny being called Grandma.被人称作奶奶怪怪的。 Being lost can be a terrifying experience.迷路有时会很害怕。 2）动名词有时需要完成形式，可作动词的宾语（a）或介词的宾语（b）：

I could not recall having heard ahyone say that before.我不记得以前听人说过这话。 She admits having seen us.她承认见到了我们。

The safe showed no signs of having been touched.保险柜没有被人动过的痕迹。

动名词的逻辑主语编辑本段回目录

动名词的逻辑主语多用一个物主代词或名词所有格表示，可用在： a．主语前：

Your coming to help is a great encouragement to me. 你们来帮忙对我是很大的鼓舞。 It has been a great honour your coming to visit us.你来看我们真是不胜荣幸。 b．宾语前：

I hate your going away.我不愿意你走掉。

Forgive my(me) ringing you up so early.原谅我这么早给你打电话。 She suggested his sending it to Tagore. .她建议他把它寄给泰戈尔。

Excuse my opening your letter by mistake.请原谅我误拆了你的信。说过你想当律师。 c．介词宾语前：

I’m not surprised at your misunderstanding me.我并不为你误会我而感到奇怪。 I never dreamt of its hurting you.我绝没有想到它会伤你的心。

There was no chance of his getting scholarships.他没有机会得奖学金。

Since my coming to London I have not been well.自从来到伦敦，我身体一直不舒服。在口语中，有时用名词或人称代词宾格表示动名词的逻辑主语：

I don’t remember my mother complaining about it.我不记得我母亲曾抱怨此事。 I can’t understand him(his)leaving his wife.我不懂他为什么离开他的妻子。 He resented me(my)being promoted before him.他怨恨我比他早升职。

动名词构成的合成名词编辑本段回目录

1）许多合成名词由“动名词+名词”构成：

swimming pool 游泳池 speaking contest 演讲比赛

sleeping pill 安眠药片 washing machine 洗衣机 drinking water 饮用水 waiting room 候车（诊）室 waiting list 候选人名单 parking lot(space) 停车场（位 ） hearing aid 助听器 operating table 手术台

2）还有一类合成词由“形容词（名词）+动名词”构成： physical training 体育（锻炼） job-hunting 找工作 weight lifting 举重 sight seeing 观光 window-shopping 逛商店（只看不买） air conditioning空调 data processing 数据处理 water-skiing 滑水

fire fighting 消防 ice-skating 滑冰 【注】有些动名词已成为名词，有些为不可数名

boating 划船 bowling 打保龄球 yachting 乘坐游艇 surfing 冲浪 dancing 跳舞 mountaineering 登山 有些为可数名词：

painting 画 saying 俗话 warning 警告 meaning 意思 ending 结局 feeling 感觉 有些甚至经常以复数形式出现：

findings 调查结果 savings 积蓄 surroundings 环境 sufferings 苦难 earnings 挣的钱 belongings 财物

worth的用法编辑本段回目录

worth，worthy，worth-while都为adj. 意为\"值得\"。

1. worth： be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时，表示\"„„ 值得„„\" be worth doing sth. \"„„某事值得被做\"

The question is not worth discussing again and again. 2. worthy：be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示\"„„值得„„\" be worthy to be done \"某事值得被做\"

The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again. 3. worth-while： be worth-while to do sth \"值得做某事\" worth while： It is worth while doing sth It is worth while sb to do sth. 典型例题

It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again. A.worth B.worthy C.worth-while D.worth while

答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worth-while to do sth.。因此选C。