情态动词语法复习
一.表推测
对现在和将来的推测
情态动词+ do/ be / be doing (正在进行) 对过去事情的推测 情态动词+have done
must 一定 肯定 should 按道理应该 肯/否 can 可能 否/疑 could 可能 肯/否/疑 may/might 可能 肯/否 can’t /couldn’t 含义 不可能 may / might not 含义 可能不 二、表虚拟
should have done 本应该做却未做 shouldn’t have done 做了不应该做的 could have done 本来能够做却未做 might have done 本来可以做却未做 would have done 本来会做却未做
needn’t have done 做了没必要做的事情 would rather have done 宁愿过去做了某事 would rather not have done 宁愿过去未做某事 would/should like /love to have done 过去想做但未做
would/should like /love not to have done 过去做了不想做的事 三、情态动词的其他用法
1. must 1）必须 2） 非得，偏偏 mustn’t 禁止
2. should 1) 应该 2）竟然（意外、惊讶、愤怒等） 对现在事情的惊讶should do
对过去事情的惊讶should have done 3) 万一 4） 本应，本当（与预期相反） 3. can 1) 能够 2）可以（允许、建议）
3) 有时会（用于肯定句） 4）表惊讶或疑惑(否 疑 感) 怎么会…到底是
5）can not / never ..too / enough 无论怎么都不过分； 越…就越好
4. may 1) 很可能做某事 may well do sth. 2） 很可能不做 may well not do sth.
3)不妨做某事may/ might as well do sth. 4) 表祝愿 May sb. do
5. shall –should –shall not –shan’t
1)用于一三人称疑问句 征求对方意见 译成：要不要….？/ …好吗？
2） 用于二三人称陈述句（肯、否） 表示说话者的允诺、命令、决心等） 3）用于法律 条约 协定等的义务 规定 注意区别：用于疑问句
shall :ask for advice
=do you want me … may / might /can /could ask for permission =I want to do ….
Do you permit me …?
体会：---- Could /Might I use your bike ? ----Yes, you can /may. Shall I fetch some chalk ? 6. dare
实意动词 肯否疑 + to do （否定句可省to） 情态动词 否疑条+do 7. need
实意动词 肯否疑 + to do 情态动词 否疑条+do --Need we cone ?
--Yes, you must ./ No , you needn’t. 主语需要被做某种处理 need doing / to be done
8. 过去常作（现在不做）used to do 过去是used to be He used to come.
否： He usedn’t/ didn’t use to come. 疑： Used he / Did he use to come by bus?
反意：You used to go there, usedn’t / didn’t you?
被用来做某事 be used to do
习惯于做某事 be/get/become used to (doing )sth.
9.would 表过去习惯性的动作（过去常常）10. will/ would
1) 表意愿 不愿意 won’t wouldn’t 2) （表习惯 经常性 倾向性 ）惯于 总是 就是不 won’t wouldn’t
虚拟语气语法复习 The door won’t / wouldn
’t open.
一 虚拟语气用于条件句
含义 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 与现在 did/ be-were would / could /
might /should +v. 原形
与过去 had done 情态+V.原形 与将来 did/ be-were 情态+ have .. should do were to do
说明：1.如果虚拟条件句中含有had should were ,可省略if ，把这三个词 提前，形成倒装。 2.错综时间虚拟句
当从句和主句所知的时间不一致时 ，根据需要采用不同的谓语形式。 If I were you , I would have taken his advice yesterday. 3.含蓄条件句
1）but for 要不是因为
表过去=If it hadn’t been for =Had it not been for 表现将=If it weren’t for =Were it not for
2）otherwise / or否则 要不然 We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would have visited more places of interest. 3) without
I couldn’t have gone through that bitter period without your generous help. 以上三点 考试让填的是主句的形式 ，含有情态动词。
4） 虚拟语气+but + 陈述
I would have gone to my cousin’s birthday but I was not available. 二、 虚拟语气用于宾语从句 1. wish / if only
含义 从句谓语形式 与现在 did/ be-were 与过去 had done
与将来would/could /might +v. 2. 一坚持（insist）
1
二命令(order command )
三要求（demand require request） 四建议
suggest advise propose recommend should 表示暗示 表明时 用陈述 insist 表示坚持说时用陈述
表示坚持要求做某事时用虚拟 3. would rather
1) 宁愿现在和将来做 would rather do 2) 宁愿过去做过某事 would rather have done 3) would rather that sb. + 与现在将来的 did
与过去的 had done
4）had + thought 或表愿望打算的词expected / wished / promised / planned / intended 表示本打算、本希望、本想要做却未做成
=wished / expected/ promised 等+ have done
三、 虚拟语气用于主语从句
1）It is / was + important / surprising / necessary / strange / advisable/ urgent /advisable that sb. should do…
2) It is / was +done + that sb. should do 过去分词为坚持、命令、要求、建议的词
四、虚拟语气用于表从、同位语 1． as if / as though
先于主语谓语动词 用had done 与谓语动词同时发生用did/ be-were 在谓语动词之后发生用would do 2．与表示命令、建议、要求等意义的n. 有关的表 、同位语从句中用should +v. 原形
五、虚拟语气用于其他场合
1.It is high/ about time that sb. +should do (should 不能省)或did
2. in case 引导的从句即可用陈述语气也可用should +v.
Have your umbrella ready in case we (should) need it.
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