连词的归纳

一．连词的概述：连词是连接单词。短语或句子的一种虚词，在句中不单独作句子成分。连词分为并列连词和从属连词。二．连词的分类：并列连词和从属连词

（一）并列连词：用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。

1.表示并列关系的连词表示并列关系的连词有1）．and“和”

①. and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。

Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance. = If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance. One more effort, and you'll succeed. = If you make one more effort, you'll succeed比较and和or

1) 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列结构用要用and。

②A and B 当表示整体或者指同一人时谓语动词用单数

each，every，many等词修饰时，谓语也用单数。bread and butter a knife and fork

The mother and teacher is very strict with her son. No teacher and no student is allowed to smoke in class.③and连接的是两个相同意思的词，表示

“渐渐”，或加强语气

or连接。）

Read it again and again “和，并且”，连接对等的词句。（在否定句中要用I like physics and chemistry.我喜欢物理和化学。I don’t like physics or chemistry.我不喜欢物理和化学。2）．both…and“……和……都”

Both Jim and Mary went to the cinema yesterday.昨天吉姆和玛丽都去看电影了。Exercise is good both for body and for mind.运动有益于身心。3）．neither

…nor 两者皆不

He neither smokes nor drinks.他既不抽烟又不喝酒。

I like neither swimming nor skating.我既不喜欢游泳，又不喜欢溜冰。4)．not only

…but (also)不但……而且……

(not only

…but also中的also可以省略。)

Not only she but also I am wrong.不但她错了，我也错了。

He not only made a promise, but kept it. 他不仅许诺，而且做到了。5)．as well as也、又

We will rescue Henry as well as you. 除了你，我们还要营救亨利。He likes basketball as well as football. 除了足球，他还喜欢篮球。※注：neither…nor ，either… or和not only…but (also)都是就近原则2.表示转折或对比关系的连词

, 当and连接的单数名词前分别有

or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此

and用于肯定句。

2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：

(or也有此用法)

and, both…and, neither…nor, not only…but also，as well as等。

表示转折关系的连词有but, yet, while, however等，都可译为“然而”。

Some people love cats, while others hate them. She does not like him, however, I like him.

1) but 但是He is rich but unhappy. while 然而，表示对比意味however 然而，可是，不过

yet 然而She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time. 2) not…but…　意思为\"不是……而是……＂not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。

They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being. 3）.while而Tom likes singing while Kate likes swimming . 3. 表示选择关系的连词

表示选择关系的连词有1) or

意思为\"或\"。

…or意思为\"或者……或者……＂。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。

or，either… or或者…或者…．。，otherwise 否则等。

Which do you prefer, tea, coffee, or juice ? 2) either

Either you or I am right.

Either you come to the office now, or wait for me at home. 你要么现在到办公室来，要么就在家等着。

Either he or I will leave. 不是他就是我将要离开。3) otherwise 否则

Be silent, or else you will be kicked out. I am tired, otherwise, I would play. 4.表示因果关系的连词表示因果关系的连词主要有子与句子，通常不置于句首。

He is absent today, for he is ill. 2) so, 因此

He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game. I think, therefore I am 3) then 那么，因而

Hide behind the wall, then they won注意：

a. because 和so ，although/though 和but 这样的两个并列连词不能在一个句子里同时使用，You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed.

He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldn't play in the game. b. 但therefore, then, yet.可以和并列连词连用。从属连词一般可以引导名词性从句和状语从句。常用的从属连词分类：1.引导名词性从句的从属连词

1) that 引导宾语从句或间接引语时，可省略。引导主语从句时不可以省略。He said (that) he would come. 宾语从句

His mother told me (that) he is a good boy. 间接引语That she is still alive is true. 主语从句

although… yet…，

(二)从属连词：从属连词不同与并列连词，只能用来引导从句，而不能引导词或者词组。

’t see you.

so /therefore (因此，所以),for（因为）,then (那么，因而)等。

1) for 因为，做并列连词使用时，是在对先行的句子补述原因或者理由，只可以连接句

2) if/whether 是否I wonder if he is at home. I ask him whether he would come. 注意：只可以用介词后面

whether的情况

Let me know whether you come or not.

It will depend on whether it rains tomorrow.

I don’t know whether to accept his advice.

when, while, since, until, after, before, as soon as

whether···or not 固定搭配动词不定式前2.引导状语从句的从属连词

1).引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：①．when当……时

When we got there, the meeting had begun.我们到时，会议已经开始了。It was raining when she arrived at the station.她到达车站时，正在下雨。

②．while正当……时，正在……时。（while引导的从句中，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，且常常用进行时。）

Don’t make any noise while others are reading.别人读书时不要制造噪音。She sang while she was walking. 她边走边唱。③．since自从

It’s just a month since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚好一月了。

My mother has been ill since I left home.自从我离开家我妈妈就一直生病。④．till/until直到……为止

Until you told me, I knew nothing at all about it.⑤．before在……之前 after在……之后

I’ll phone you after I arrive.我到达之后给你打电话。Say goodbye before you go.你走之前要说再见。⑥．as soon as一……就

I’ll visit you as soon as I come back.我一回来就去拜访你。Please tell him as soon as you see him. 你一看见他就请告诉他。2).连接地点状语从句的从属连词

where 在哪里

There were lots of parks where I lived.

because, since, as, for, now that

我不能信任他，因为他不诚实。’t honest. ’她没有来，因为她不知道。t know it.

“既然

3).引导原因状语从句的连词：

在你告诉我之前，我对此一无所知。

He didn’t appear until the meeting had begun.直到会议开始他才露面。

①．because因为用于解释某事的原因，动机，强调直接原因和因果关系I can’t believe in him because he isnShe didn’t come because she didn( 注：because与so不能并用。)

②．since表原因，比because弱，比as强，表一种已知的，显然的理由，常译为Since he says so, it must be true.既然他这么说，那一定是真的。Since you ask, I will te ll you. As we are hungry, let

你既然问，我就告诉你。

③．as因为，由于,表原因时，意义最弱

’s have supper. 由于大家饿了，我们就吃晚饭吧。

Mother began to worry about my brother as it was getting dark. 由于天越来越黑，妈妈开始为哥哥着急。④．for因为，表间接的原因，用于说明，解释

We can't go for it is raining. 我们不能走，因为正在下雨。I enjoyed myself at the party for I knew all the guests well. 我在晚会上玩得很尽兴，因为所有的个人我都很熟悉。⑤．now that既然

Now that he is unhappy, let’s leave him alone. 既然他不高兴，我们就让他自己呆着吧。

Now that she feels sorry, please forgive her. 既然她很后悔，就请原谅她吧。

4).连接结果状语从句的从属连词①．so…that 如此……以致She is so tired that she can’t go any further. 她太累了，不能再走了。

She is so big a cat that she can’t get into the hole. 这猫太大了钻不进这洞。

②．such…that 如此……以致

It’s such a beautiful place that I wouldn这地方太美了，令我留恋忘返。’t come back.

It’s such a fine day that many people go to the park for fun.

天气这么好，许多人都到公园里来玩。5).连接目的状语从句的从属连词

that / so that / in order that 为了，以便

They hurried so that they can get there on time.他们加快了速度，为的是能够按时到达。I hired a boat in order that I can go fishing.为了去钓鱼，我租了条小船。Speak clearly that/so that/ in order that they may understand you. 6).连接条件状语从句的从属连词

if 如果If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go on a picnic.unless 除非(如果不) He will come unless it rains.

in case 万一You may call this number in case I am not at home 7).连接比较状语从句的从属连词

than比, as/so··as··和···一样

He is taller than his brother. 他比他兄弟高。

She could draw as well as her teacher. 她能画得跟她的老师一样好。It’s easier than I thought.She is as tall as you.

He is not as/so tall as his wife. 8).连接方式状语从句的从属连词

as 按照Do as I told you. Take things as they are.

as if / though 仿佛He behaves as if/though he was a child. 9)．引导让步状语从句的从属连词

although/though 尽管（though与although的用法基本一样），even if /even thoughAlthough Japan is small, the population is big. Even if it was snowing heavily, we went on running.

Although it rained hard, he still went out.尽管雨下得很大，他还是出去了。

即便