英语毕业论文主题句的写作

论文写作中的主题句

论文写好主题句的方法

主题句是表达全段核心思想的句子，对全段具有指导功能，但不是任何一个句子都可以做主题句。所以在构思主题句时要注意以下几个方面： (1)主题句首先应是完整句。一个完整的句子才能做主题句，但不是任何完整句都可以做主题句。主题句不应是一个词组或什么修饰成分。如：Consumers‘ party，research center，Only if they have fared well等。 (2)主题句要明确表达段落的中心思想。要明确表达段落的中心思想，主题句就不能太笼统，例如下列句子不适合做主题句。 He is great. There is a man working there. Women are going out to work. The air is dirty. 以上四句不能做主题句，其原因是这些句子未表达出任何明确的观点。试比较下面几句： There are many Lei Feng‘s followers in our society. Some of the Indo-Chinese refugees choose to stay in China. Some of the female intellectuals lead families in earnings. Air pollution should be prevented.

以上四句都比较适宜做段落的主题句，因为各句都表达了明确的观点，对全段的展开具有指导意义。

(3)主题句不能太具体。属于描写细节的句子，不能做主题句，如： They moved to another province last year.

A lorry driver smashed through the gates of Buckingham Palace. Gunmen killed two officers late on Tuesday in a village.

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Zhejiang exports reached US $ 681 million last year.

这四句都是具体细节的描写，很难以其为核心观点展开段落。请对比下面四句：

They like their new residence.

A careless lorry driver had an accident at the gate of Buckingham Palace. The villagers showed great concern about their safety. Zhejiang doubled the value of exports last year. 上述四句从不同角度对前面四句作了改写。改写后就适合做段落主题句了。 4. 各段的主题句应相互照应 在一篇短文里，各段的主题句不应是孤立的，应与其他各段的主题句相互照应。如： 例1 Human Needs and Wants To begin, we should understand the difference between a need and a want. A “want” is a conscious desire for something. If you have a want, you know it whether it‘s a want for a vacation trip, a new pair of shoes, a

date with so and so, or simply a bite to eat. You always are consciously aware of your wants.

A “need” is something different. A

need is a basic human requirement, but a person may or may not know that it exists. In other words, while a want

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always is conscious, a need may be conscious or it may be unconscious. If you need a drink of water you are likely to know it, but if you need to make up a vitamin deficiency, or need recognition from someone, you may not be

consciously aware of that. But you will be motivated (driven from the inside) by your need, whether you are aware of it or not.

If people work to meet their needs, it

would be good to know what these needs are. They are very simple. Dr. Maslow has suggested that people have only five needs: the physical needs, the safety needs, the belongingness needs, the esteem needs and the self-actualization needs. Everyone has them, and everyone spends his or her life trying to satisfy them. Although we may try to satisfy our needs in different ways, we all are trying to satisfy the same needs. In a way, it is these needs, which are common to all people that make us human. They seem to be a basic part of human nature. 例1全文共四段，各段主题句十分明确并相互呼应。第一段就一句话，告诉读者首先要了解ｎｅｅｄ与ｗａｎｔ的区别，第二、第三段分别对ｎｅｅｄ与ｗａｎｔ作了具体限定与说明。全文四段的主题句和谐统一。 下面是由上面各段主题句组成的段落： To begin，we should understand the difference between a need and a want. A “want” is a conscious desire for something. A need is a basic human

requirement, but a person may or may not know that it exists. If people work to meet their needs, it would be good to know what these needs are. 例2

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Scientific Discovery—Bless or Curse

New scientific discoveries nearly always bring to mankind a blessing. We live in a circumstance in which scientific discoveries bring us much convenience, comfort and enjoyment. For example, transportation progress makes us go out to any places we want to. Electrical home appliances like air-conditioner, machine and refrigerator make our life comfortable. TV and radio supply us with as much information, knowledge and amusement as possible. In fact, there are many other blessings that scientific discoveries have brought about. Yet sometimes scientific discoveries may prove a curse upon human race because some scientific discoveries overuse our scarce resources or pollute our environment. Moreover, some discoveries like atom bombs aggravate the conflicts between human beings and can kill more people than ever before. The misuse of scientific discoveries must be prevented. It demands people all over the world to struggle with various bad phenomena. Laws and treaties preventing the misuse should be made among countries on earth. Also the

propaganda against the misuse should be strengthened that more people will realize the serious consequences the

misuse will lead to. In short, this object can be realized only through international agreements or arising

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international concern about it.

本文尽管第一、第二段主题句有转折，但

ｙｅｔ一词使第一段的主题句，即“科学发明的正面影响”与第二段的负面影响有机地联系起来，因而与第三段的主题句也是相互呼应的。把三个主题句提取出来组成一个段落，意思也很清楚明确。 下面是由上面各段主题句组成的段落：

New scientific discoveries nearly always bring to mankind a blessing. Yet

sometimes scientific discoveries may prove a curse upon human race because some scientific discoveries overuse our scarce resources or pollute our environment. (Therefore,)the misuse of scientific discoveries must be prevented. 5. 实际写作中的主题句 在写作考试中，出题的形式多种多样，有看图作文、提纲式作文、情景作文、关键词作文、图表作文等。如果题目中已给了提纲，那么主题句只要扣住提纲写就可以了，请看下面短文题目： Fire Accidents in Big Cities

OUTLINE：

1． Present situation.

2． Possible reasons.

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3． Measures to prevent fire accidents.

这篇“大城市的火灾”要求按提纲的三个方面展开，所以在写每一段前就需要认真思考这段的主题句怎么写。主题句并非呈同一句式，换句话说，十个人写，可能写出十种句式，上百人千人写，可能有上百种句式。但无论怎样写主题句，其内容应是基本相同的。请看下面18位学生就提纲中的第一个要点写的主题句： Fire accidents in big cities happen here and there, now and then all over the world. During recent years, the number of fire accidents has been rapidly increasing. 3) Fire accidents often take place in big cities.

Nowadays, fire accidents, with the development of big cities，are more destructive

than ever before. 5) It is frequently reported that fire accidents in big cities have taken place here and there. 6) It is not uncommon for us to see fire accidents in big cities. 7) Fire accidents always cause big damages especially in big cities. 8) Fire accidents take place not only in forest, but also in big cities. 9) With the development of big cities, the problem of fire accidents becomes more and more serious. 10) Fire accidents in big cities do much harm to us. 11) In modern society, fire accidents in big cities are unfortunately frequent. 12) It is well known that fire accidents are very dangerous and harmful. 13) Nowadays more and more fire accidents break out in big cities. 14) Fire accidents are deadly enemies of us human beings. 15) Fire accidents in big cities cause great damage to people. 16) The news of fire accidents is not seldom heard. 17) We often hear news of fire accidents in big cities on the radio. 18) Fire accidents are a grave problem in big cities. 尽管这18个主题句的表述形式和用词千差万别，而其核心意义都是围绕Present situation写的。请看下面范文： Fire Accidents in Big Cities

Fire accidents, one of the greatest fears in big cities, are dangerous and destructive. Living in a big crowded city, one can often hear the reports of fire accidents here and there. To the country and people, big fires bring tremendous damage, destroying houses or buildings and even taking away people‘s lives.

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The reasons that cause fire accidents are various. Among them is the carelessness, one of the most important causes. For example, some people drop cigarette ends anywhere they like, which has been proved to be the cause of many fire accidents. Another important reason lies in the people‘s minds that lack the sense of duty to other people by burning things where fire is forbidden.

As we all know fire accidents can be avoided if only all of us could use fire carefully and abide by the rules and regulations. When we find some hidden perils we should report them to those responsible to prevent fires from breaking out. Thus, we can make fires under our control and minimize the unnecessary loss to the lowest level. 6. 强化写主题句的意识 能否有意识地写好主题句，这十分重要。一些考生在提笔写作文时，常常是想到哪里写到哪里，没有写主题句的意识，这样就会出现两种情况：一是跑题，二是中心思想不突出。如果在写作时有意识地先想好主题句，并且写在纸上，而后再展开写作，那么就能避免上述两方面的问题，因为落笔写主题句的过程，实质上是一个思路整理的过程。在这一过程中，我们不得不考虑清楚写什么内容，表达什么观点，用什么方式表达等等。如果没有这样一个过程，就很难写好主题句。因此，在平时的练习中如能强化这一意识，对英语写作水平的提高会有很大的促进作用。 7