佚 名
【期刊名称】《风景园林》 【年(卷),期】2014(000)002 【总页数】8页(P44-51) 【正文语种】中 文
图02 猎人角南滨公园鸟瞰图Fig. 02 Hunter's Point South Park aerial Hunter’s Point South Waterfront Park, Long Island City, USA 图01 猎人角南滨公园平面图Fig.01 Hunter's Point South Park plan 1 项目描述
猎人角南滨公园于2013年夏天剪彩开幕，该项目属于长岛市东江总体规划中的第一期工程，该规划包含30英亩（约12.14hm2）的后工业滨水区，以及1970年以来纽约市最大的经济适用住房建设项目。猎人角南部三面环水，采用了城市生态发展的新模式，也是创新型可持续发展设计模式的实验场。
项目基地既是城市的滨水区和门户区，也是动植物庇护所，既是一块空白土地，也是一幅再现的风景画。设计充分利用基地的工业遗迹和壮丽景色，建立了一个弹性的、多层次的文化娱乐场所。基地毗邻一处未来将建成的学校和一个有着5 000个永久居住单元的住宅开发项目区域，园区将提供一个连接周围社区的公共门户和供人们娱乐的新开放空间。一体化的设计将基础设施、景观和建筑融为一体，使后工业滨水区转变为可以预测洪水和水位上涨的新型生态走廊，也使猎人角南滨公园
转变成一个兼具新文化和生态意义的项目典范。 图03 鸟瞰图Fig.03 Aerial 2 主要特征 2.1 可持续的滨水区
之前的猎人角南滨公园场地从沼泽湿地变成垃圾填埋场，从软质海岸线变成硬质驳岸。因此，新的设计融入了许多绿色可持续的理念，将地理位置重要却遭遗弃的滨水区转换成新的城市生态示范区。新公园的实质就是一个技术性生态系统，它可以最大限度地减少不可再生能源的消耗，保护和节约水资源，优化维护性和可操作性的实践活动，并建立一个健康高效的社区和城市环境。 2.2 改造内容
为了将猎人角南滨公园嵌入到新的城市规划中，设计师精心构思了一个关注智能的街道，生态调节沟和新社区自行车道的可持续方案。生态调节沟位于公园边缘，将中心大道和智能街道的雨水过滤。每个高地街道都拥有公园和天际线的美景，并且在公园入口处配备了人行道座椅。 2.3 绿色的椭圆形
多功能的绿色椭圆形场地定义了公园中最开放的部分，在这里可以直接观赏到河对岸的曼哈顿景观。绿地位于公园北部，由一条连续的道路和南端的椭圆曲线百折钢遮阳天蓬所框定，并且为渡轮港口和特定建筑提供了庇护。 图04 绿色椭圆形Fig.04 Green Oval
图05 绿色椭圆形近景Fig.05 Close-up of Green Oval 2.4 路径
环绕在中央绿地四周的路径逐渐过渡成一条漫步长廊，并通往基地南端的观景点。在这个30英尺（约9m）高的悬臂式观景平台可以欣赏到曼哈顿的天际线和东河景观，感觉非常奇妙，仿佛把城市悬停在一个新的湿地水域边界之上。从中央漫步
道看去，现有零散的混凝土景观战略性地被新的湿地和连接主要街区的道路及公园规划所取代。这个道路系统一直延伸到水边，形成“软”边缘基础设施的一部分，同时成为一个新地标和吸引社区人们来海滨的胜地。 图06 展馆Fig.06 Pavilion 2.5 展馆
图07 展馆效果图Fig.07 View from Pavilion
展馆被设计成一个连续的结构，将城市与水体的边缘连接在一起。其地理位置优越，支持整个园区的动态及静态娱乐用途，方便到达且方向清晰。展馆共由2栋楼组成，位于连续的天蓬之下，包含一个公园及娱乐区的运营维护设施、公共厕所、特许建筑和高起的咖啡厅广场。展馆伴随着曼哈顿的天际线和东河走廊的全景在高架木墩处达到的高潮。
折叠的遮阳板结构不仅勾起人们对猎人角海事历史的记忆，还使雨水收集和太阳能发电达到最优化。钢褶板南部表面上的64个太阳能光伏板每年可发电37 000千瓦时，可为整个园区50%以上的区域供电。这个设计还可以容纳更多的光伏板，以便未来为整个园区供电。富有质感的拔丝金属表面悬挂于绿色区域外边缘，映射着绿色和景观的活力。
图08 公园小径Fig.08 Pathways. 2.6 城市海滩
由展馆和公园道路围合成，沿着海滩边缘可以晒太阳、野餐、打沙滩排球。在这里，游客们会把他们的脚趾埋在沙子里，还会沿着曼哈顿天际线观赏一轮独特的海滨落日。
2.7 解说铁路线花园
前庭前有由本地原生草本植物包围的铁轨组成的犬行通道和游乐区。交叉编织的小路蜿蜒至中央小广场与涓涓溪流相得益彰。
2.8 城市犬行通道
21世纪城市公园的一个相对较新的组成部分，犬行通道已经证明了其长期的社会可持续发展的价值。凭借其独特的溪水沟，以及用木材堆成的座椅让人们想起从前的木材贮存场。而宠物庇护所则是借鉴了从前的小亭子。而这犬行通道也无疑带给了宠物饲养者更多的乐趣。 2.9 玩乐区
遮荫蓬长廊和草地组成的游乐区将会成为家庭活动的中心公园。公园的东部滨河空间是一个整体的游乐场，场地的游乐设施涵盖了所有年龄层，包括了一些篮球设施、草坪山丘等。
项目位置：纽约州11101长岛市中心大道52-10号 规模：
公园和绿色街道（1期）：9.5英亩（约3.84hm2） 展馆：12 000平方尺（约1 115m2）
业主：纽约市经济发展公司、经济发展代理市长办公室
公园设计：托马斯巴尔利斯联合事务所、韦斯/曼弗雷迪团队首席顾问和基础设施设计：英国奥雅纳（ARUP）工程顾问公司 竣工时间：2013年8月 设计团队：
托马斯巴尔利斯联合事务所团队：
托马斯·巴尔利斯（设计负责人）、克里斯汀·加布埃尔、戴尔·沙费尔、迈克尔·孔茨 韦斯/曼弗雷迪团队：
马里昂·韦斯（美国建筑师协会会员）、迈克尔·A.·曼弗雷迪（美国建筑师协会会员，设计成员）、克里斯托弗·巴伦提（研究协会，项目经理）、迈克尔·斯坦纳（美国
建筑师协会，建筑师）、李林（音译，项目建筑师）、迈克尔·布拉斯伯（研究协会）爱丽丝·蔡（音译）、尼克·艾利略、库洪高（音译）（美国建筑师协会）、乔·维塞尔
英国奥雅工程顾问公司团队：
马特·贝斯特、迈克尔·米维、詹姆斯·德玛可 项目团队：
Arup（奥雅纳工程顾问）公司：首要顾问，土木工程、建筑结构以及照明设计 E设计动力公司：生态系统及恢复生态学家 英国合乐集团有限公司：海洋工程设计 卡里恩·奥利弗：公共艺术及景观设计
A.G.工程顾问公司：负责智能化工程、机械工程、电气工程、管道工程，消防工程设计
YU环境与土木工程公司：环境工程师 VJ工程顾问公司：负责成本估算 B-A 交通工程公司：智能交通工程师 二十二公共设计公司：平面设计师 AKRF环境规划工程顾问公司：历史研究员 LiRo工程团队公司：驻工地现场工程师 图片来源：艾伯特 维瑟卡，韦德 齐默 翻译：张洁
1 Project Description
Recently opened this summer in a ribbon outing ceremony with Mayor Bloomberg, Hunter's Point South Waterfront Park is phase one of a larger master plan that encompasses the transformation of 30 acres of post-
industrial waterfront on the East River in Long Island City and includes the largest affordable housing building project in New York City since the 1970's. Surrounded by water on three sides, Hunter's Point South is a new model of urban ecology and a laboratory for innovative sustainable design. 图09 铁路线花园Fig.09 Rail Garden
The site is waterfront and city, gateway and sanctuary, blank slate and pentimento.Design leverages the site's industrial heritage and spectacular views to establish a resilient, multilayered recreational and cultural destination.Adjacent to a future school and an emerging residential development of 5,000 permanently affordable units, the park will provide a public front door and new open spaces for recreation that connect to the surrounding communities. The integrated design weaves together infrastructure,landscape, and architecture to transform a postindustrial waterfront site into new ecological corridors that anticipate the inevitable patterns of flooding and rising water levels along the East
River,transforming Hunter's Point South into both a new cultural and ecological paradigm. 2 Major Features
2.1 A Sustainable Waterfront
Hunter's Point South Waterfront Park has evolved from a marshy wetland to a drained landfill site and from a soft shoreline to an armored water's edge. The design incorporates numerous green initiatives, transforming a critically located but abandoned waterfront into a new urban ecological paradigm. The essence of the park is a technological and system
implemented to minimize non-renewable power consumption, protect and conserve water, optimize maintenance and operational practices, and create a healthy and productive environment for the community and the city.
2.2 Upland Context
Embedded in the new urban plan is a carefully conceived sustainable approach to the smart streets,bioswales, and bikeways of the new community at Hunter's Point South. Placed along the park's edge,a bioswale filters stormwater from the Center Blvd.and the upland smart streets. Each upland street enjoys the park and skyline views and terminates on park vestibule entrances that have been outfitted with banquette seating.
图10 自行车道Fig.10 Bike ways
图11 在猎人角南滨公园欣赏到的河景Fig.11 River view from Hunter's Point South Park 2.3 Green Oval
A new multi-use green oval defines the most generously open part of the site and offers views directly across the river to Manhattan. This green anchors the park's north precinct and is framed by a continuous path and pleated steel shade canopy on the south side which follows the curve of the oval and offers shelter for a water ferry stop and concession building.2.4 Pathways
图12 城市犬行通道Fig.12 Urban dog run
The path that surrounds the central green unfurls into a promenade
leading to an overlook at the southern terminus of the site. This overlook,a 30-foot high cantilevered platform with views of the Manhattan skyline and the East River, is at once urbane and otherworldly, bringing the city to a precipice suspended over a new wetland water's edge. From the central promenade path, existing concrete bulk-heads are strategically replaced by new wetlands and pathways that link the major precincts and programs of the park. This path system extends to the water's edge and forms part of the \"soft\" edge infrastructure, while also providing a new landmark and destination that draws the community to the waterfront. 2.5 Pavilion
The Pavilion is conceived as a continuous structure which connects the city with the water's edge. It is strategically located to support the park's active and passive recreational uses and provides a legible point of arrival and orientation. The Pavilion is divided into two buildings under one continuous canopy. It includes a maintenance and operations facility for the Department of Parks and Recreations, comfort stations, a concession building, and a raised café plaza. The Pavilion culminates at the elevated wood pier, with panoramic views of the Manhattan skyline and the East River corridor.
The folded plate shade structure recalls the maritime history of Hunter's Point and is optimized to capture storm water and solar power. Sixty-four photovoltaic panels located on the south face of the steel pleats generate 37,000 kWh per year, powering over 50% of the entire park. The design can accommodate additional panels to power 100% of the park in the
future. The folded plates also collect stormwater which nourishes nearby bioswales. A richly textured brushed metal surface drapes across the outer edge of the sweep along the Green sweep,and reflects the activity at the Green and the general landscape. 2.6 Urban Beach
Framed by the pavilion and park path, an urban beach hosts sunning, picnicking, and beach volleyball along the edge of the promenade. Here,visitors will sink their toes in the sand and take in a unique beach sunset setting over the Manhattan skyline. 2.7 Interpretive Rail Garden
Framed by the urban dog run and play area at the 51st Avenue vestibule, native grasses envelop freight rails to compose an interpretive rail garden narrative. A cross path weaves through to a small central plaza animated with water jets and the interaction they attract. 2.8 Urban Dog Run
As a relatively new component of the 21st century urban park, the dog run has proven its long term social sustainability worth. With its distinctive water rill, stacked timber seats that recall an earlier lumberyard and animated shelter which has taken its cues from the pavilion, this dogscape has elevated the fun of dog ownership. 2.9 Play Area
Resting on a tree shaded shelf above the promenade and surrounded by native grasses, the play area promises to be the center of family activity for the park. Here at the edge of the East River an ensemble of play venues for
all ages ranges from basketball and adult fitness to a children's play with lawn mound and water play channel.
Location: 52-10 Center Blvd. Long Island City, New York 11101 Dimensions: Park and green streets (Phase 1): 9.5 acres Pavilion: 12,000 sf
Client: New York City Economic Development Corporation,Office of the Deputy Mayor for Economic Development Park Designers: Thomas Balsley Associates / WEISS/MANFREDI Prime Consultant and Infrastructure Designer: ARUP
Completion: August 2013 Design Team
Thomas Balsley Associates Team:
Thomas Balsley (Design Principal); Christian Gabriel, Dale Schafer,Michael Koontz
WEISS/MANFREDI Team:
Marion Weiss, FAIA and Michael A. Manfredi, FAIA (Design Partners); Christopher Ballentine, RA (Project Manager); Michael Steiner, AIA, LEED AP and Lee Lim (Project Architects), Michael Blasberg, RA, Alice Chai, Nick Elliot, Hyoung-Gul Kook, AIA,and Joe Vessell ARUP Team:
Matt Best, Michael Newey, James Demarco Project Team:
Arup, Prime Consultant, Civil, Structural Engineer and Lighting Design E-Design Dynamics, Ecological Systems and Restoration Ecologist Halcrow,
Marine Engineering Karyn Olivier, Public Art
A.G. Consulting Engineering, P.C., MEPFP Engineering Yu & Associates, Environmental Engineer VJ Associates, Cost Estimator
B-A Engineering, P.C., Traffic Engineer Two Twelve, Graphic Designer AKRF, Historical Researcher The Liro Group, Resident Engineer
Photo credit: Albert Vecerka, Wade Zimmerman Translation: ZHANG Jie
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