华南理工大学
2017 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回） 科目名称：翻译硕士英语
适用专业：英语笔译（专硕）
共 10 页 Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points, 1 point for each) Directions: After each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Select the only one choice that best completes the statement. Write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
1. If you want this painkiller, you’ll have to ask the doctor for a . A) transaction B) permit C) settlement D) prescription 2. The from childhood to adulthood is always a critical time for everybody. A) conversion B) transition C) turnover D) transformation 3. It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a boom in the economy or a _. A) concession B) recession C) submission D) transmission 4. His use of color, light and form quickly departed from the conventional style of his as he developed his own technique. A) descendants B) predecessors C) successors D) ancestors 5. Failure in a required subject may result in the of a diploma. A) refusal B) betrayal C) denial D) burial 6. The manager gave her his that her complaint would be investigated. A) assurance B) assumption C) sanction D) insurance 7. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close . A) temperament B) contamination C) scrutiny D) symmetry 8. We are doing this work in the of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.
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A) context B) contest C) pretext D) texture 9. While a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away, leading to a successful treatment could come much sooner. A) a distinction B) a breakthrough C) an identification D) an interpretation 10. Doctors are often caught in a because they have to decide whether they should tell their patients the truth or not. A) puzzle B) perplexity C) dilemma D) bewilderment 11. The ball two or three times before rolling down the slope. A) swayed B) bounced C) hopped D) darted 12. that the demand for power continues to rise at the current rate, it will not be long before traditional sources become inadequate. A) Concerning B) Ascertaining C) Assuming D) Regarding 13. Many types of rock are from volcanoes as solid, fragmentary material. A) flung B) propelled C) ejected D) injected 14. With prices so much, it is difficult for the school to plan a budget. A) vibrating B) fluctuating C) fluttering D) swinging 15. The person who this type of approach for doing research deserves our praise. A) originated B) speculated C) generated D) manufactured 16. In order to keep the line moving, customers with lengthy are required to do their banking inside. A) transit B) transactions C) turnover D) tempos 17. President Wilson attempted to between the powers to end the war, but neither side was prepared to give in. A) segregate B) whirl C) compromise D) mediate 18. The police have installed cameras at dangerous road to film those who drive through red traffic lights. A) trenches B) utilities
第 2 页 C) pavements D) junctions 19. It is reported that thirty people were killed in a on the railway yesterday. A) collision B) collaboration C) corrosion D) confrontation 20. Since a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is accepted as a symbol of love. A) successive B) consecutive C) eternal D) insistent 21. By turning this knob to the right you can the sound from the radio. A) intensify B) amplify C) enlarge D) reinforce 22. One of the attractive features of the course was the way the practical work had been with the theoretical aspects of the subject. A) embedded B) embraced C) integrated D) synthesized 23. They couldn’t see a of hope that they would be saved by a passing ship. A) grain B) span C) slice D) gleam 24. The traditional markets retain their for the many Chinese who still prefer fresh food like live fish, ducks, chickens over packaged or frozen goods. A) appeal B) pledge C) image D) survival 25. efforts are needed in order to finish important but unpleasant tasks. A) Consecutive B) Condensed C) Perpetual D) Persistent 26. Governments today play an increasingly larger role in the of welfare, economics, and education. A) scopes B) ranges C) ranks D) domains 27. If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be to work hard, with the result that tax revenues might actually shrink. A) cultivated B) licensed C) motivated D) innovated 28. The author of the report is well with the problems in the hospital because he has been working there for many years. A) acquainted B) informed C) accustomed D) known
第 3 页 29. It is a well-known fact that the cat family A) enriches C) adopts 30. It was a wonderful occasion which we will A) conceive C) contrive
lions and tigers. B) accommodates D) embraces for many years to come. B) clutch D) cherish Part II. Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points for each) Directions: In this section, there are 3 passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write ONE best answer for each question on your ANSWER SHEET. Passage 1
Many Americans harbour a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe. “the streets would be littered with people lying here and there. ” Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California , Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant's weight is made up of natural pesticides. Says he: “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare.” And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens-a substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives. Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University: “We've got fat worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made. ” Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink. To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less
第 4 页 hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens. 31. What does the author think of the Americans' view of their food? A) They overstate the government's interference with the food industry. B) They are overoptimistic about the safety of their food. C) They overestimate the hazards of their food. D) They overlook the risks of the food they eat. 32. The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because . A) no food is free from pollution in the environment. B) pesticides are widely used in agriculture. C) many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals. D) almost all foods have additives. 33. By saying “they employ chemical warfare” (Line 4, Para. 2), Bruce Ames means “ ”. A) plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseases. B) plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growth. C) farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plants. D) farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases. 34. The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends mainly on . A) the government. B) the consumer. C) the processor. D) the grower. 35. What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage? A) Eating and drinking have become more hazardous than before. B) Immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processing. C) Health food is not a dream in modern society. D) There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption. 36. The word “habour” in “Many Americans harbour a grossly distorted and exaggerated view …” is closest in meaning to . A) hold B) cherish C) support D) favour
Passage 2
Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1848). Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of
第 5 页 his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the camera's possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot. Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the Victorian novel to film and gave film mastery of time as well as space. Besides developing the cinema's language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. His early output was remarkably eclectic: it included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of American cinema. When he remade Enoch Arden in 1911, he insisted that a subject of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. Griffith's introduction of the American-made multi-reel picture began an immense revolution. Two years later, Judith of Bethulia, an elaborate historicophilosophical spectacle, reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour's running time. From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretension of this film may seem a trifle ludicrous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a new intellectual respectability to the cinema. 37. The primary purpose of the passage is to . (A) discuss the importance of Griffith to the development of the cinema (B) describe the impact on cinema of the flashback and other editing innovations (C) deplore the state of American cinema before the advent of Griffith (D) analyze the changes in the cinema wrought by the introduction of the multireel film 38. The author suggests that Griffith's film innovations had a direct effect on all of the
第 6 页 following EXCEPT _. (A) film editing (B) camera work (C) scene composing (D) sound editing 39. It can be inferred from the passage that before 1910 the normal running time of a film was . (A) 15 minutes or less (B) between 15 and 30 minutes (C) between 30 and 45 minutes (D) between 45 and 1 hour 40. The author asserts that Griffith introduced all of the following into American cinema EXCEPT (A) consideration of social issues (B) adaptations from Tennyson (C) dramatic plots suggested by Victorian theater (D) the flashback and other editing techniques 41. The author suggests that Griffith's contributions to the cinema had which of the following results? I. Literary works, especially Victorican novels, became popular sources for film subjects. II. Audience appreciation of other film directors' experimentations with cinematic syntax was increased. III. Many of the artistic limitations thought to be inherent in filmmaking were shown to be really nonexistent. (A) Ⅱ only (B) Ⅲ only (C) Ⅰ and Ⅱ only (D) Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ 42. It can be inferred from the passage that Griffith would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements? (A) The most important element contributing to a film's success is the ability of the actors. (B) The camera must be considered an integral and active element in the creation of a film. (C) The cinema should emphasize serious and sober examinations of fundamental human problems. (D) The proper composition of scenes in a film is more important than the details of their editing. 43. The author's attitude toward photography in the cinema before Griffith can best be described as . (A) sympathetic (B) nostalgic (C) amused (D) negative
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It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the “social, legal, and economic subordination” of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of “the whole female sex…into public industry.” Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization's effects, but they agreed that it would transform women's lives.
Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women's economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of women's work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880's created a new class of “dead end” jobs, thenceforth considered “women's work.” The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.
Women's work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women's household labor remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both
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in the labor market and in the home.
44. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage? (A) The effects of the mechanization of women's work have not borne out the frequently held assumption that new technology is inherently revolutionary. (B) Recent studies have shown that mechanization revolutionizes a society's traditional values and the customary roles of its members. (C) Mechanization has caused the nature of women's work to change since the Industrial Revolution. (D) The mechanization of work creates whole new classes of jobs that did not previously exist. 45. The author mentions all of the following inventions as examples of dramatic technological innovations EXCEPT the _. (A) sewing machine (B) vacuum cleaner (C) typewriter (D) telephone 46. It can be inferred from the passage that, before the Industrial Revolution, the majority of women's work was done in which of the following setting? (A) Textile mills (B) Private households (C) Offices (D) Factories 47. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would consider which of the following to be an indication of a fundamental alteration in the conditions of women's work ? (A) Statistics showing that the majority of women now occupy white-collar positions. (B) Interviews with married men indicating that they are now doing some household tasks. (C) Surveys of the labor market documenting the recent creation of a new class of jobs in electronics in which women workers outnumber men four to one. (D) Census result showing that working women's wages and salaries are, on the average, as high as those of working men 48. The passage states that, before the twentieth century, which of the following was true of many employers? (A) They did not employ women in factories. (B) They tended to employ single rather than married women. (C) They employed women in only those jobs that were related to women's traditional household work. (D) They hired women only when qualified men were not available to fill the open positions. 49. It can be inferred from the passage that the author most probably believes which of the
第 9 页 following to be true concerning those historians who study the history of women? (A) Their work provides insights important to those examining social phenomena
affecting the lives of both sexes.
(B) Their work can only be used cautiously by scholars in other disciplines.
(C) Because they concentrate only on the role of women in the workplace, they draw
more reliable conclusions than do other historians.
(D) They oppose the further mechanization of work, which, according to their findings, tends to contribute to the existing inequalities in society.
50. Which of the following best describes the function of the concluding sentence of the passage?
(A) It sums up the general points concerning the mechanization of work made in the passage as a whole.
(B) It restates the point concerning technology made in the sentence immediately
preceding it.
(C) It draws a conclusion concerning the effects of the mechanization of work which goes beyond the evidence presented in the passage as a whole.
(D) It suggests a compromise between two seemingly contradictory views concerning
the effects of mechanization on society.
Part III. Writing (30 points)
51. Write an essay of at least 400 words in English about the following topic. Give a title by yourself. Write your essay on your ANSWER SHEET.
Nowadays, people are controversial about the impacts of globalization on culture. What’s your opinion? Please write an essay to elaborate your view on this topic.
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