构词法之派生法

一、构词法之派生法的讲解

英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。

派生 Derivation 前缀

前缀 a- 处在…… en- 能 dis- 定 un- 不 做相反动作 不，否dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear, disorder, disagree unable, unknown, unfair, uncommon, unclose, 使可enrich, enable, enslave arise, aside, alone 含义 例词 uncomfortable, undress, uncover, untie in- im- ir- il- 不，非 inactive, incorrect impossible, impersonal, impolite, immature, impractical irregular, irresponsible illogical, incapable, inpatient, non- 不，非 non existent, non-interference, non-conductor, non-stop de- 向相反方向发展 Decentralize（分散）, defrost（解冻） anti- 反（对） anti-freeze, anti-fascist mis- 错误的，坏的 misdoings, misfortune misunderstand, re 再 co- ex 的 tele 重复，rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle, 共同 以前co-exist, co-operate, co-education Ex-husband, ex-president 远程 telephone, telegraph, telescope supermarket, superpower, 超级 super在上面，- under- inter- 在……之下 相互，之间 sub- 下，次 underline, underground, international, inter-change underestimate, interact, subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subcontinent, trans- 过，穿过，变 transformation(变形), translate vice- semi- 副 半 vice-premier, vice-president semifinal, semi-automatic semicircle, bi tri 两个 三个 bicycle, biennial两年一次的 triangle三角形, tricycle三轮脚踏车, triplets三胞胎 mul- 种 kilo- 后缀 多，多multiply, multi-coloured multi-national, 千 kilometre, kilogram 后 缀 -er farmer, 例 词 weaver, pain-killer, murderer, , villager, stranger, speaker, cooker, recorder, heater -ess 名 词 -or actress, waitress, princess, hostess conductor, operator, -ar -ese -ian -ist beggar Chinese, Portuguese, Japanese musician, Egyptian, physician scientist, socialist, dentist, communist, sailor, transistor, -ent/-ant -ment -ness assistant argument, judgment, government happiness, greatness, illness, coldness, sleeplessness -tion dictation, preparation, repetition, action, information, invention -ing -ship -age -ty building, wedding, painting leadership, friendship, hardship shortage, marriage, leakage loyalty, cruelty, penalty, sixty, twenty, thirty, certainty -th truth, warmth, length, growth, fifteenth, fourth -ance acceptance, appearance -ence dependence, confidence, reference, entrance, defence -ful -al -y -dom -ism mouthful, handful, plateful, refusal, denial, arrival difficulty, possibility, freedom, wisdom, kingdom socialism, materialism assistance, reliance, 注意： -ese, -ian, -ist 既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词。 -er 构成的名词，既有表示人的，又有表示物的。 后 缀 -al -an -ern -able 例 词 central, industrial, national, natural European, American, Australian eastern, northern, southern reasonable, believable, sensible -ful -ish -ive 形 容 -y 词 -less careful, cheerful, grateful, faithful, childish, Swedish, selfish destructive, creative, effective thirsty, dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny careless, hopeless, helpless, homeless, sleepless, fearless, limitless -en -ous golden, wooden, woolen courageous, serious, various -ary -ic -some imaginary, revolutionary, secondary realistic, historic, poetic troublesome, burdensome, lonesome, handsome famous, continuous, collective, active, horrible, terrible, forgettable, comfortable, -like -ant childlike, womanlike, manlike ignorant, important significant, observant, -ent -ly diligent, silent, excellent, frequent lively, friendly, lovely, weekly, brotherly, motherly -ish 后 缀 -ize 动 -en 词 -fy 后 缀 -ward(副 s) 词 -ly forward, downward slowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, realize, criticize, widen, strengthen, lengthen, sharpen, widen, shorten, quicken, deepen Simplify, beautify, terrify, 例 词 northward, backward, childish, foolish 例 词 modernize, mechanize, happily, friendly 二、课堂巩固练习

Ⅰ.Match the right words from the right column with the words on the left.

( ) 1. enrich (

)

2.

A. trying to find jobs

B. remove, get rid of ice, frost

semicircle

( ) 3.

troublesome

C. of, having, using imagination D. make or become sharp E. half a circle

( ) 4. sharpen (

)

5.

job-hunting (

)

6.

limitless (

)

7.

F. causing trouble

G. make rich, improve in quality, flavour, etc. H. without limit

imaginative

( ) 8. defrost

Ⅱ.Use the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks.

1. The mother didn’t know why her daughter was crying _______. (noise) 2. He was one of the best _______ in yesterday’s football match. (play) 3. Look! How ______ Kate is laughing! (happy)

4. It snowed _____ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)

5. Edison was a great ______. During his life he had many ______. (invent)

6. More and more _____ have come to visit China over these years. （foreign）

7. We want _________ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy) 8. Please give me some reference work. It will ______ my task. (simple) 9. The boy had the _______ of being half starved. (appear) 10. The police have _______ a plot against the President. (cover)

11. The doctor said that Mary’s mother needed an _______.(operate) 12. She hoped that her son would become a _______. (music) 13. Few ______ words made us excited. (speak)

14. The days on the moon get hotter than ______ water. (boil) 15. Thank you for your _________. (kind)

16. Many college students work while they are studying because they want to make some money for their college _____. (expensive)

17. Most international ______ letters are written in English, too. (busy) 18. The boy noticed an ______ mistake on his paper, but he decided not to say anything about it. (correct) 19. When in Rome, do as the _____ do. (Rome)

20. The teacher was pleased with her _______. (honest)