2023届高考英语最新热点时文阅读：航天航空

1 题型 完形填空 主要内容 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了太空旅行的发展、吸引力以及行业的不确定性。 2 阅读理解 本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是在环绕地球6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行。 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国在航天领域建立的一个监测和预警系统，及其取得的成绩。 3 短文填空 4 短文改错 本文是说明文。文章讲述了中国首辆火星车定名“祝融”，解读了名字背后的文化涵义。 5 七选五 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些太空中有趣的事。 01 “It will be marvelous. It will be spiritual.” This is the ____1____ tagline that Virgin Galactic used in 2004 to attract potential customers to its planned space tourism services. It promised that, within five years, it would take a total of over 3,000 passengers on life-changing trips in its spaceships. On July 11, 2021, after a last 90-minute delay, Virgin Galactic finally began its fulfillment of that original ____2____. For four minutes, its six temporarily weightless passengers, including the firm’s British co-founder, Sir Richard Branson, saw the planet against the blackness of outer space.

Back on the ground, Sir Richard called the experience “magical”. He may have ____3____ the fact that he was able to reach space earlier than Jeff Bezos, a fellow billionaire but much wealthier. On July 20, Bezos would go slightly higher, for slightly less time, in a vehicle that had been built by his own spacefaring company, Blue Origin.

The two tycoons (大亨) are among a growing number of ____4____ who believe that space tourism’s time has come. Suborbital (亚轨道的) tourism is part of a broader space economy that has rapidly grown over the past decade ____5____ technological advances. However, it is highly ____6____ that this will be true. For now, Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic will offer ____7____ suborbital flights to paying customers. Blue Origin is focusing much more on the development of a large new rocket that will be used for the launching of satellites, on selling advanced rocket engines to other companies, and on bidding (投标) on NASA contracts such as the recently announced plan to send humans back to the moon. ____8____, Bezos doesn’t see Blue Origin as a provider of services to adventure-seekers.

Even this 4-minute suborbital travels have a(n) ____9____, apparently. A major survey found that nearly two in five people with a net worth of over five million dollars would consider paying $250,000, Virgin Galactic’s current price, for a ticket. The business could be ____10____, once regular flights begin to offset (抵消) the rockets’ development costs. But how fast and by how much is ____11____. Without tourist-friendly destinations to visit (the capacity of the International Space Station is strictly limited), orbital tourism, with its far higher ticket prices, will not be a huge earner.

Another challenge — and the industry’s biggest remaining uncertainty — relates to ____12____. History has shown that a disaster, ____13____ in the early stages of an industry, can set progress back by years. NASA ____14____ its plan to send the untrained to orbit in 1986 after a school teacher was killed along with the rest of the crew in the Challenger tragedy. It was another 15 years before the next untrained person would ____15____ the journey on a Russian craft. 1．A．modest 2．A．obligation

B．demanding B．commitment

C．motivational C．requirement C．felt content with C．experts C．apart from C．probable C．automatic C．In the long run C．advantage C．eco-friendly

D．unclear D．survey D．got upset with D．objectors D．in spite of D．favorable D．brief D．Above all D．appeal D．globalized

3．A．felt ashamed of B．kept an eye on 4．A．optimists 5．A．thanks to 6．A．impossible 7．A．long-lasting

B．opponents B．but for B．undoubted B．inexpensive

8．A．On the contrary B．What’s more 9．A．shortcoming 10．A．profitable

B．limitation B．uneconomic

11．A．predictable B．essential C．irrelevant C．stability C．precisely C．modified C．steer

D．uncertain D．novelty D．unforeseeably D．suspended D．pause

12．A．development B．security 13．A．particularly 14．A．initiated 15．A．brave

B．critically B．drafted B．abandon

02

After circling Earth for six months, the three crew members of China’s Shenzhou XIII mission have departed from the Tiangong space station and returned to the mother planet on Saturday morning, finishing the nation’s longest manned spaceflight.

Zhai Zhigang, who was the mission commander, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu breathed fresh air for the first time after the half-year space journey as ground recovery staff opened the door of their reentry capsule (返回舱) at 10: 03 am.

Medical service workers on the site told China Central Television that the astronauts are in good condition. Carrying the mission crew, the Shenzhou XIII spacecraft left from the Tiangong station at 12: 44 am. In the last hours of their stay inside the Tiangong, the astronauts worked with ground controllers to adjust the station, sending some experimental data back to Earth and sorting out materials.

The crew has set a new record for China’s longest spaceflight, almost doubling the previous record of 92 days created by their colleagues in the Shenzhou XII mission who travelled with Tiangong from mid-June to mid-September last year.

During the Shenzhou XIII mission, the astronauts carried out two spacewalks that totaled more than 12 hours. They tested components on the station’s robotic arm and used it to practice spacewalk. Wang took part in the first spacewalk on Nov 7, becoming the first female Chinese spacewalker.

The crew members also carried out two science lectures from the space station for Chinese students. In one experiment, Wang used a Bing Dwen Dwen toy, the popular mascot (吉祥物) of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games, to display how objects fly in weightless environment. The space-based lessons marked the start of the Tiangong Class series, China’s first space lecture

series that aims to popularize space science and inspire youngsters to pursue their “science and space dreams”, according to the manned space agency. 1．What mission did the crew members accomplish?

A．Living in space for half a year.

B．Controlling the space station on their own. C．Opening the door of the reentry capsule. D．Departing from the planet on Saturday morning. 2．Which was the achievement of the astronauts?

A．They completed a 12-hour spacewalk. B．They conducted two science experiments. C．They became the first Chinese spacewalkers. D．They checked parts on the station’s robotic arm. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Teenagers will be sent into space station to explore. B．There will definitely be more space lectures in the future. C．“Science and space dreams” will be the top aim among teenagers. D．Astronauts will use more Bing Dwen Dwen toys to do experiments. 4．Which is the best title of the text?

A．Inspire Youngsters to Pursue Space Dreams B．The Mission Commander of Tiangong Station

C．Space-based Lessons Marked the Start of the Tiangong Class D．Crew Members of the Shenzhou XIII Mission Returned to Earth

03

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Wu Yanhua, deputy director of China National Space Administration, ___1___ (tell) China’s CCTV News on April 24th that China would start to build a monitoring and warning system of NEA (近地小行星) in order to ensure the safe, stable and orderly operation of spacecraft. “We hope to approach an NEA and observe it at a much ____2____ (close) distance before hitting it to change ____3__ orbit. ____4____ the project works, we will prevent NEAs from ____5____ (danger) our planet in the future,” said Wu.

___6__ (devote) to the peaceful use of outer space, China is in the spirit of promoting the wellbeing of all humanity. The defense system, ____7___ is developed by China, aims at dealing with the impact of small near-Earth objects, ____8___ common risk faced by mankind. China will continue to cooperate with other countries to contribute our strength ____9___ protecting the ____10___ (safe) of Earth and all humanity. 04

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Chinese first Mars rover (火星车) was named Zhurong in last month. Zhurong is a god of fire in Chinese mythology, which echoes the Chinese name of the red planet, Huoxing.

Fire brought warm and brightness to the ancestors of humankind and the usage of fire is of great significant for human civilization. Naming the first Mars rover after the god of fire indicate Chinesese people’s blessing for the rover light the flame of China’s space exploration, CGTN reported. Literal, zhu expresses the good wishes for humankind’s exploration of the universe. Rong meant integration and cooperation reflects China’s vision of the peaceful use of space and

the building of a community with a sharing future for humanity.

05

Interesting Space Facts

As time goes by, technological advancements have made us learn more facts about space in the past century than in all time before that. We’ve already searched the universe for the most amazing space facts, including facts about the planets in our solar system, moons, the Milky Way and beyond! __1___ The highest mountain discovered is the Olympus Mons, which is located on Mars. It is 16 miles high, making it nearly 3 times higher than Mount Everest.___2___ That’s the size of Arizona !

The sun weighs about 330,000 times more than Earth.___3___ In fact, the sun is so huge that it contains 99.85% of all mass in our solar system.

Footprints left on the moon won’t disappear as there is no wind. But wait a minute. ___4___ Well, it actually wasn’t blowing. That blowing you see is because of a telescopic horizontal rod (望远镜水平杆) that the astronauts were struggling to remove from the flag’s top.

_5__ This is due to the lack of gravity in space causing the vertebrae (椎骨) to expand a little. However, this extra height is lost when they re-enter the earth’s atmosphere and are affected by the earth’s gravity again.

A．We’re pretty sure they will make you interested! B．New discoveries will no longer be made in the future. C．It is so large that it can contain about 1,300,000 Earths! D．Not only is it tall, but it’s 114,000 square meters as well. E．All these space facts may not be true at the time of writing. F．Astronauts can grow about two inches in height when in space. G．If there’s no wind to blow them away, then why is the flag blowing?

高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果。

一、备考策略务必精准

高三备考的不同阶段，目标和任务各不相同，就像打仗一样，攻克不同的山头有不同的打法，只有抓住要领，才能打赢主动仗。一是细化“作战地图”。从现在到一模考试前，主要任务是过课本、串教材，把基础知识再夯实，为专题复习奠定坚实基础。各学科组教师要认真学习新课程、新课标、《中国考试评价体系及说明》和近三年高考原题，把高考考点和试题变化点做成“作战地图”，平时考试、练习要对照“作战地图”进行选题，并在“作战地图”上一一标注，确保考点训练无死角、考点覆盖无遗漏。二是组织集体攻坚。发挥学科组集体备考的优势，学科组内任务分解、责任到人，每次考试变式训练的预测由组长把关。学科组坚持“一课一研”、“一考一研”，新老教师步调一致，节奏有序，充分发挥分工协作的集体教研智慧。三是找准学科增分点。认真研究本省、本市、本校近年来的高考数据，细化到每一个知识点的得失分情况，找准突破点和增分点，有目的进行专项训练和突破提升。英语的阅读理解和小作文、语文的古文分析和作文、理科的做题速度、文科的答题思路等，都要制定详细的训练方案和突破的方法策略，在实践中调整提升，打破制约瓶颈，找到质量提升的突破口。

二、课堂教学务必高效。课堂是教育教学是主阵地。高三年级教学时间紧，教学任务重，更要切实发挥课堂40分钟的作用。一是上好微专题课。春节前后，一轮复习进入后期，学生不会的知识点逐步浮出水面。这些薄弱知识点如果解决不好，将直接影响到二轮复习的效果。高三年级要围绕浮现出来的问题，上好微专题或微微专题课，针对某一个点或几个点精讲、讲透，触类旁通。微专题课怎

么上？可以针对学生不会的问题，每节课重点解决1-2个知识点，专题强调，专点训练，不贪多，顺一个点“追祖宗八代”，剖析透!微微专题，则更精、更准、更小、更有效，可以一节课只讲一道题，但是要把这一道题挖深、挖透，讲透一个会一类，做会一题能举一反三。二是上好试卷讲评课。试卷讲评课是高三的主打课型，必须切实收到实效。首先，要精确掌握考情。考试不过夜，打铁要趁热，每次考试以后，要对班级考试情况了如指掌，充分了解易错点、易考点，这样讲评时，才能有所侧重，才能有针对性地攻克重难点。其次，要规范讲评流程。针对错误率高或重点考察的试题，教师引导出方法思路；再由学生个人进行自评自纠，小组讨论展示，找出得分原因和失分原因，真正弄清楚解题思路。师生合作再对解题思路进行再归纳总结，写到纸上记录下来，强化验证结果。三是克服“漏斗思维”。所谓“漏斗思维”，就是：今天正在学，突然有事不继续了，明天已经忘记一大部分，后天想起来，继续学，但是忘记的一大部分似乎又需要重新开始，周而复始，积累数月，结果是仅仅只有一点点的内容，而且是在同一个地方循环往复。对于常错、常考的知识点，要经常复习，要不就如同漏斗一样慢慢溜掉。尤其是对于已经进行过的专题训练、变式训练，不能认为进行过一次、两次就万事大吉，要每隔2周进行“回头看”，把学生的易错题重新编辑，归类整理后附上分析讲解印发给学生，克服漏斗思维，反复夯实专题训练的知识点。

三、学生训练务必得法。教师的教学能力最终要转化为学生的学习能力，对高三学生而言，就是要通过训练转化为学生的答题能力。一是严格限时训练。限时训练就是让学生在规定时间内做完训练题目，既训练速度，又锻炼准确度。限时训练可短可长，可以是课前十分钟，可以是一节课，但必须坚决做到即练即评，长期坚持，通过教师评阅提升学生答题速度和效度，做到日日清，周周清，月月

清，适应高考临场答题要求。二是严格规范答题。要认真研究高考原题和高，根据学生的答题情况认真进行比对。要把学生在考试时的原生态答卷原汁原味地展示出来，再让学生自己对照答案进行打分、评价，找出与标准答案的差距，小组内相互交流、讨论，制定答题标准模板，保证将来一分不丢。三是突出变式训练。对于临界生的典型错题或遗漏知识点，要进行变式训练，一题多变进行训练，把错题作为“母题”，至少进行一题五变以上，让学生写出每道题的解题思路，最后总结出此类变式的特点和解题入手点。教师必须要把变式训练当做作业认真批改，带领学生共同验证解题思路，形成答题的基本思路。四是落实“作业自助餐”。对学生要进行分类指导，不能一刀切，尤其是对于清北临界生和一本临界生，学校应高度重视临界生转化工作。要把握好临界生的学科短板，制定好辅导、转化和提升的具体措施，要实行面批面改，落实“作业自助餐”。针对不同的高频错题，由教师分别设置变式训练题，也就是A错题出至少5道变式训练，印刷；B错题再出5道变式训练，印刷；C错题也出5道变式训练，印刷；学生可以根据自己的错题，自主领取对应的变式训练题，通过针对性训练补齐学科或知识短板，提升整体备考效益。五是强化精神激励。高三学生学习任务重，压力大，师生缺乏必要交流，学生容易出现心理焦虑、缺乏归属感等心理问题。为此，要对高三年级学生多鼓励，多表扬。大人总想听好听话，学生也是如此，越是鼓励越有劲，因老师的一句话、一个眼神而改变一生命运的事例不胜枚举。教师要不吝赞美，从情绪上、从情感上调动学生学习积极性。

高考前30天冲刺复习方法：

英语

一、英语听力：要坚持每天听1、调整并保持听力状态很重要。建议考前，考生要保持每天20分钟的听力练习量。

2、真题最好反复演练。最后的30天，主要应该听去年各省市的高考听力试题和仿真度比较高的今年各市一模、二模试题。

3、听写训练。做一些真题的听写训练。基本方法，先整体听一遍，然后听一句写一句，坚持听写完为止，然后再对照原文，检查自己错在哪里。另外值得一提的是，在正式考试中，做完所有听力20道选择题后，一般来说，没有百分之百的把握，不要轻易改动第一次做好的答案。据统计，第一次选择往往比改动后的选择更可靠。

二、词汇语法：坚持每天复习一部分

在单项选择题上，适当做题是必要的，但不要采用题海战术。匀些时间看以前的听课笔记、讲义、以前做错的题目(错题集)也是复习该题型很好的方法。尤其要把做过的一些题，特别是错题，反复地看，同时简单的题要总结规律，难题记死记牢即可。要重视语境题、时态题、动词短语相关的单选题。

关于语法，最近几年的高考在淡化语法，但并不是完全不考，而是以交际的方式考查，所以复习语法专题的同时要注意交际方面的问题，要特别注意从语境和语意中来解决语法问题。语法重点要掌握时态、非谓语动词以及定语从句三大块的内容。

三、完形填空：每天要保证做一篇1、培养语感。如何来培养语感呢？这里给同学们提一个成功学生使用过的、正确提高语感的方法：把去年的所有完形填空题正确答案填上，然后大声朗读，不要求背诵但是至少要能做到熟练朗读。在朗读中，慢慢领悟。

2、坚持训练。每天要保证做一篇，这是量上的一个要求。还要把做错的做出标记，重点记忆。应重视文章的整体性和逻辑性。完形填空的过程就是由已知信息推出未知信息的过程。

四、阅读理解：重中之重

阅读理解是高考的重头戏，提高成绩，阅读理解是关键。考试临近也要坚持阅读。与其陷入题海，不如抽出20-30分钟阅读英文篇章。

1、阅读训练不停歇。在冲刺阶段，应多进行一些限时训练，通常每五篇阅读材料作为一组，在35到40分钟里完成。这样既可以保证考场上充沛的阅读精力和体力，又可以营造考试的氛围，还提高了阅读速度。

2、阅读文章要复习。提倡在复习阅读的过程中对三点进行注意：单词、语法点以及复杂句。平时的阅读复习，在做完题目后要坚持每天读过几篇后，认真分析1-2篇。

3、把过去老出现错误的归纳一下，看哪类题自己容易错，重点对付该类题。需要注意的是读文章应力求题材多样化，科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等，但如果生词太多，影响理解或过于难懂的文章，则不应花更多的时间。

五、对话填空，认真练习应该比短文改错更容易拿分

对话填空要填写的十个单词本身不会太难拼写，不会超过2000单词表，所以虽然是新题型也不必恐惧。其实质上也是一种完形填空题，解题关键是要对所给的对话有一个整体把握，通读全篇对话，弄清谈话的语境及内容。

六、作文：考前至少精练10篇

重点背一些连词和英语固定表达的句型，以及常用的短语和有特点的动词词组。在写作的时候可以采用一些写作的套路。每次写作前问自己四个问题：这篇文章的体裁格式是怎样

的？主体时态用什么时态？人称用第几人称？可以分几段，之间用什么过渡词、连接词？带着这四个问题去审题，搞清楚文章的主要内容，然后列出提纲。最后丰富自己的提纲就可以了。