2020年大学英语六级听力试题及答案(卷七)

-赵诚作品

2020年大学英语六级听力试题及答案（卷七）

Nature has supplied every animal except man with some covering for his body such as fur, feathers, hair, or a thick hide. But man has nothing but a thin skin, and for thousands of years human beings must have1the world with no other covering--though the earliest men may perhaps have been hairier than modern man.

It is only when we begin to think about it a little that we2that clothes are worn for a great many reasons that have nothing to do with the3, or with our need for warmth. For instance, we wear clothes to some extent in order to4to make ourselves, if possible, look more5than we are. Even the plainest clothes worn by civilized people have their buttons, collars and so forth arranged in such a way that they form a kind of decoration, and the6itself is of a kind and color that we think suits us, and is cut or7in a way that we think looks nice--though ideas about what looks nice change very much from time to time. Besides decorating us, our clothes have to link us up with the people amongst whom we live. We feel8if they do not \"look right\" or if they are not9to those which other people of our age, sex, country andp eriod are wearing. Sometimes, even in civilized countries, people wear some article of clothing, or some jewel of charm. These are because they believe that it will bring them luck or 10evil or illness, or because it is connected with their religious beliefs.

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

【答案解析】

1.wandered about。【精解】空格处缺少一个动词或动词短语，并且是过去分词形式。wandered about表示“四处游荡”，说明早期人类的生活状态。

2.realize。【精解】空格处缺少一个动词。本句为强调句型，空格后面的that引导的是一个宾语从句，空格前半句意为“只有当我们开始多多少少地考虑这件事时……”。由此不难得知，空格处应填一个表示“认识，意识”的动词。

3.climate。【精解】空格处缺少一个名词。climate“天气”与后面的“我们保暖的需要”相呼应。

4.decorate ourselves。【精解】空格处需要填入一个动词短语。decorate ourselves表示“打扮自己”，decorate与下文中的look及decoration相对应。

5.graceful。【精解】空格处需要填入一个形容词。9raceful表示“优雅的，漂亮的”。

6.material。【精解】空格处需要填入一个名词。根据下文中的of a kind and color以及and is cut可知，这里应填人material“(制衣)材料”。

7.arranged。【精解】空格处需要填入一个动词的过去分词形式，表示被动。arranged表示“排列，布置”。

8.uncomfortable。【精解】空格处需要填入一个形容词。根据后半句的if they do not“look right”可推测，这里应填入uncomfortable

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

“不舒服的”。

9.similar。【精解】空格处需要填入一个形容词。根据句意可知，这里应该表示与其他人穿的类似。similar表示“类似的，相似的”。 10.protect them from。【精解】空格处应该填入一个动宾短语。根据后面的evil or illness可知，这里应该填入protect them from，表示“使他们远离与疾病”。

Not getting enough sleep doesn't just make you tired. It also makes you fat because of increased food-eating, according to researchers in America.

The researchers 1 a study which included eight men and eight women, and found that participants who lacked sleep for a week 2almost two pounds.

To establish a standard, 3 spent the first three nights sleeping up to nine hours a night, and 4 only as many calories as they burned each day. Their daily amount of food and oxygen, and production of carbon dioxide were 5 .

Then participants 6 two groups, with one limited to sleeping five hours a night, while the other continued to be allowed nine hours. After five nights, the groups7. During this part of the experiment, participants were allowed to eat as much as they wanted.

The researchers found that participants burned about 5 percent more calories when their sleep 8 five hours, but they consumed about 6

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

percent more calories,9when they were allowed nine hours.

Although the participants ate less at breakfast when they had five hours of sleep, they ate more over the rest of the day; they 10 consumed an increased number of calories after the dinner and finally gained weight. When they shifted to adequate sleep patterns they lose the pounds.

【答案解析】

1.carried out。【精解】空格处应该填入一个动词或动词短语，carried out意为“进行，实行”。该句意为，研究人员进行了一项研究。

2.ganined。【精解】空格处应该填入一个动词，其宾语为two pounds。gained意为“获得，增加”。该句意为：缺乏睡眠的受试者体重增加了近两磅。

3.particilmnls。【精解】空格处应该填入一个名词，作谓语动词spent的主语。本段后面全用了they，表示主语是复数，下一段的开头提到Then participants were divided into two groups，因此空格处应填participants。

4.consumed。 【精解】空格处应填入一个动词，该动词的宾语为calories。consumed意为“消耗”。该句的意思是：这些受试人员每天消耗多少热量，他们就吃多少热量的食物。

5.mersured。 【精解】空格处应填入一个动词的过去分词形式，与前面的were构成被动语态，measure意为“测量”。该句的意思

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

是：这些受试人员每天的食物和氧气的摄人量以及二氧化碳的呼出量都被测量过。

6.were divided into。【精解】空格处应该填入动词的被动语态，were divided into意为“被分成”。该句的意思是：受试人员被分成两组。

7.switched。 【精解】空格处应该填入一个动词，作the groups的谓语。switched表示“对调，转换”。该句的意思是，五个晚上以后，这两组人员对调了一下。

8.WilS limited to。 【精解】空格处应该填入一个动词短语，且应为被动语态。Was limited t0表示“被限定为”。该句的意思是：当他们的睡眠时间被限定为5小时时……。

9.compared with。 【精解】空格处应该填入一个动词的过去分词形式，表示比较。Compared with表不“与……相比”。根据上下文可知，这里将每晚睡5个小时和每晚睡9个小时的情况进行对比。 10.espectsllUy。【精解】空格处应该填入一个副词，用来修饰动词consumed。

Not getting enough sleep doesn't just make you tired. It also makes you fat because of increased food-eating, according to researchers in America.

The researchers 1 a study which included eight men and eight women, and found that participants who lacked sleep for a week 2almost two pounds.

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

To establish a standard, 3 spent the first three nights sleeping up to nine hours a night, and 4 only as many calories as they burned each day. Their daily amount of food and oxygen, and production of carbon dioxide were 5 .

Then participants 6 two groups, with one limited to sleeping five hours a night, while the other continued to be allowed nine hours. After five nights, the groups7. During this part of the experiment, participants were allowed to eat as much as they wanted.

The researchers found that participants burned about 5 percent more calories when their sleep 8 five hours, but they consumed about 6 percent more calories,9when they were allowed nine hours.

Although the participants ate less at breakfast when they had five hours of sleep, they ate more over the rest of the day; they 10 consumed an increased number of calories after the dinner and finally gained weight. When they shifted to adequate sleep patterns they lose the pounds.

【答案解析】

1.carried out。【精解】空格处应该填入一个动词或动词短语，carried out意为“进行，实行”。该句意为，研究人员进行了一项研究。

2.ganined。【精解】空格处应该填入一个动词，其宾语为two pounds。gained意为“获得，增加”。该句意为：缺乏睡眠的受试者

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

体重增加了近两磅。

3.particilmnls。【精解】空格处应该填入一个名词，作谓语动词spent的主语。本段后面全用了they，表示主语是复数，下一段的开头提到Then participants were divided into two groups，因此空格处应填participants。

4.consumed。 【精解】空格处应填入一个动词，该动词的宾语为calories。consumed意为“消耗”。该句的意思是：这些受试人员每天消耗多少热量，他们就吃多少热量的食物。

5.mersured。 【精解】空格处应填入一个动词的过去分词形式，与前面的were构成被动语态，measure意为“测量”。该句的意思是：这些受试人员每天的食物和氧气的摄人量以及二氧化碳的呼出量都被测量过。

6.were divided into。【精解】空格处应该填入动词的被动语态，were divided into意为“被分成”。该句的意思是：受试人员被分成两组。

7.switched。 【精解】空格处应该填入一个动词，作the groups的谓语。switched表示“对调，转换”。该句的意思是，五个晚上以后，这两组人员对调了一下。

8.WilS limited to。 【精解】空格处应该填入一个动词短语，且应为被动语态。Was limited t0表示“被限定为”。该句的意思是：当他们的睡眠时间被限定为5小时时……。

9.compared with。 【精解】空格处应该填入一个动词的过去分

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

词形式，表示比较。Compared with表不“与……相比”。根据上下文可知，这里将每晚睡5个小时和每晚睡9个小时的情况进行对比。 10.espectsllUy。【精解】空格处应该填入一个副词，用来修饰动词consumed。

Nature has supplied every animal except man with some covering for his body such as fur, feathers, hair, or a thick hide. But man has nothing but a thin skin, and for thousands of years human beings must have1the world with no other covering--though the earliest men may perhaps have been hairier than modern man.

It is only when we begin to think about it a little that we2that clothes are worn for a great many reasons that have nothing to do with the3, or with our need for warmth. For instance, we wear clothes to some extent in order to4to make ourselves, if possible, look more5than we are. Even the plainest clothes worn by civilized people have their buttons, collars and so forth arranged in such a way that they form a kind of decoration, and the6itself is of a kind and color that we think suits us, and is cut or7in a way that we think looks nice--though ideas about what looks nice change very much from time to time. Besides decorating us, our clothes have to link us up with the people amongst whom we live. We feel8if they do not \"look right\" or if they are not9to those which other people of our age, sex, country andp eriod are wearing. Sometimes, even in civilized countries, people wear some article of clothing, or some

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

jewel of charm. These are because they believe that it will bring them luck or 10evil or illness, or because it is connected with their religious beliefs.

【答案解析】

1.wandered about。【精解】空格处缺少一个动词或动词短语，并且是过去分词形式。wandered about表示“四处游荡”，说明早期人类的生活状态。

2.realize。【精解】空格处缺少一个动词。本句为强调句型，空格后面的that引导的是一个宾语从句，空格前半句意为“只有当我们开始多多少少地考虑这件事时……”。由此不难得知，空格处应填一个表示“认识，意识”的动词。

3.climate。【精解】空格处缺少一个名词。climate“天气”与后面的“我们保暖的需要”相呼应。

4.decorate ourselves。【精解】空格处需要填入一个动词短语。decorate ourselves表示“打扮自己”，decorate与下文中的look及decoration相对应。

5.graceful。【精解】空格处需要填入一个形容词。9raceful表示“优雅的，漂亮的”。

6.material。【精解】空格处需要填入一个名词。根据下文中的of a kind and color以及and is cut可知，这里应填人material“(制衣)材料”。

7.arranged。【精解】空格处需要填入一个动词的过去分词形式，

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

表示被动。arranged表示“排列，布置”。

8.uncomfortable。【精解】空格处需要填入一个形容词。根据后半句的if they do not“look right”可推测，这里应填入uncomfortable“不舒服的”。

9.similar。【精解】空格处需要填入一个形容词。根据句意可知，这里应该表示与其他人穿的类似。similar表示“类似的，相似的”。 10.protect them from。【精解】空格处应该填入一个动宾短语。根据后面的evil or illness可知，这里应该填入protect them from，表示“使他们远离与疾病”。 The Biggest Magnet 最大的磁体

A: What's the biggest magnet ever? 究竟什么是最大的磁体?

B: Well, that's a great question. Well, for starters you'd have to mention whoppers like the hybrid magnet at the National High Magnetic Field Lab in Tallahassee, Florida.This magnet weighs thirty-four tons and stands twenty-two feet tall.Giant magnets in hospitals, physics labs, and other facilities help in cutting edge research. However, even a magnet the size of a building can't compete with a magnet the size of a planet. 嗯，问得好。对于初学者来说，不得不提一下那些庞然大物，比如佛罗里达塔拉哈西的国家高磁场实验室的混合磁体。这块磁铁重34吨，立起来有22英尺高。医院，物理实验室和其他设备里的巨型

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

磁体对尖端研究有帮助。然而，即使是一块建筑物大小的磁体也不能和一块行星大小的磁体相匹敌。 A: A magnet the size of a planet? 一块行星大小的磁体?

B: The Earth itself is a magnet! Researchers think it's the effect of convection currents in our planet's molten interior that causes the entire Earth to behave as one gigantic magnet, with a North and South Pole.Whenever you look at a compass, what you're doing is reading the magnetic field of the planet on which you are standing.

地球本身就是一块磁体。研究者们认为，是地球内部熔岩里对流流的作用使得整个地球像个拥有南北磁极的巨型磁体一样运转。每当你看着指南针的时候，你所做的就是读取你所在行星的磁场。 A: So that must be the biggest magnet than anywhere. 所以那就是最大的磁体咯。

B: Yet, even a magnet the size of a planet can't compete with a magnet the size of a star.

但是，即使是行星大小的磁体也不能和恒星大小的磁体相匹敌。 A: A star? 恒星?

B: what about the sun? The sun is a magnet. In this case, the magnetic field is probably generated by swirling plasma. Magnetic storms on the sun are powerful enough to have an effect on satellites

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

and communication systems all the way here on Earth.

比如说太阳?太阳是一块磁体。假若这样，磁场可能是由旋动的等离子产生的。太阳上的磁暴威力足够强大，可以对人造卫星和地球上通信系统的各个方面产生影响。 A: So is that? 那就是最大的了?

B: Not even close. There are things in space that put all of these magnets to shame.

还差得远呢。宇宙中还有更多让这些磁体相形见绌的事物呢。 A: Super magnet in space? What are they? 宇宙中的超强磁体?是些什么呢? B: Next time. 下次再说吧。 Salt vs. Ice 食盐大战冰块

Y: Why does salt melt ice? 为什么食盐能让冰块融化?

D: It lowers the melting and freezing point of water. 是因为食盐将水的熔点和冰点降低了。

Y: Oh,OK.Wait,I don't get it. Doesn't that mean the salt make ice colder?

等一下，我不明白。这就意味着食盐让冰的温度变得更低吗?

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

D: Let me explain.Pure water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit,right? At that temperature we can say that the rate of freezing is the same as the rate of melting.

我解释一下。纯净水的冰点是32华氏度，对吧?这个温度既是冰点也是熔点。

Y: So in other words, at water's freezing point there's a sort of equilibrium between freezing and melting.

也就是说，水的冰点就是结冰和融化的平衡。 D: Right.Throwing salt on ice upsets the balance. 是的。在冰上洒盐扰乱了这种平衡。 Y: Upsets it how? 怎么打乱的呢?

D: The salt dissolves into the liquid water, which means that some of the water molecules are replaced by salt. Since there are now fewer liquid water molecules to be captured and frozen by the ice, the rate of freezing drops.

盐溶解在水中，就是说一部分水分子被盐取代了。既然结冰的液态水分子减少了，冰点自然降低了。

Y: I think I get it.And Since the rate of melting stays the same, there's more melting going on than freezing. And so the ice melts. 我明白了。水的熔点不变，融化的水分子比结冰的多，所以冰块就融化了。

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

D: Right. 对。 Y: Interesting. 很有趣。

D: In fact, anything that dissolves in water will do the trick. You could pour sugar on ice and it willmelt. But I guess since salt is cheaper it's used more often.

其实，任何溶于水的物质都可以使冰融化。把糖洒在冰上，冰也会融化。但是我想也许由于盐比较便宜，所以经常被使用 Why do Stradivarius violins sound so good? 为什么史特拉第瓦里小提琴声音那么美妙? A: What did I tell you? 我告诉过你什么来着?

B: You're right Yaoyao.This is a beautiful piece. 瑶瑶，你说的很对，这是一首美妙的曲子。 A: It should be. 它本该如此。

B: What's so special about Stradivarius violins? 那瓦里小提琴有什么特别的呢?

A: That's something that musicians and scientists have been trying to figure out for centuries. Scientists at the University of Tennessee and Columbia University think that the violins' unique sound has to do with

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

climate change.

那就是音乐家和科学家们几世纪以来一直试图寻觅的东西。田纳西大学和哥伦比亚大学的科学家们觉得该小提琴的独特声音与气候变化有关。

Between 15 and 1715 Western Europe experienced what's known as the \"Maunder Minimum,\" a period of unusually cold weather due to the sun's reduced activity during the time. Temperatures may have dropped by two degrees Celsius, which was enough to make trees grow more slowly. Slower tree growth produces stronger, denser wood. 在15年至1715年期间，西欧历经了一个名为“蒙德极小期”的时期。在这期间，因为太阳活动减弱，天气异常的冷。气温降了2℃，这足以让树木生长的更加缓慢，产出更坚硬，密度更大的木头。 B: Let me guess. The scientists think that a violin maker like Stradivarius used wood from these slowly growing, denser trees to make violins.

让我来猜猜。科学家应该觉得像制造“史特拉第瓦里”这样的小提琴制造者就用了来自这些生长缓慢、且木质密度高的树的木头吧! A: Right! If the scientists are correct, the special quality of the wood is one factor that allows a Stradivarius violin to produce such brilliant tones.

是的!如果科学家(的想法)是对的，那种有特殊品质的木头就是让瓦里小提琴可以发出如此绝妙声音的原因之一。

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

B: Is it possible for today's violin makers to use techonology to make violins that sound just as good as Stradivarius?

那现在的小提琴生产者还可能用什么技术来让小提琴的声音像“史特拉第瓦里”吗?

A: Maybe.In fact, nearly all Stradivarius violins have been modified over the centuries so that they don't sound much like they did originally. If Stradivarius were alive today, he might not evenrecognize the sound. 或许吧!事实上，几乎所有的瓦里小提琴都已经在这几世纪发生改变了，以至于它们现在的声音并没有像最开始那样好听。如果斯特拉迪瓦里现在还活着的话，他或许都不能听出这个声音了吧! Afterglow 夕照，晚霞

Here's an experiment you can try: look at something bright relative to its surroundings, such as a lamp or a sunny window, for ten seconds without blinking. Then shut your eyes and cover them over with your hands.

你可以尝试这样的试验：不眨眼盯着看相对周围而言光亮的东西十秒钟，比如，一盏灯或洒满阳光的窗户;接着闭上眼睛且双手蒙住。 You will find that the lamp or window still seem to be hovering in front of you, quite visible at first and only gradually fading away. Yet your eyes are closed and your hands are blocking them completely — so where is the light coming from?

你会发现那盏灯或窗户依旧浮现在眼前，最开始清晰得很，又慢

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

慢消失。可是，你不是闭眼了吗?况且双手不是严实地蒙住了吗?那么，光线从何而来?

The answer is that the afterglow light you see isn't really light at all. It's the result of residual activity of the nerve cells on the back of your eye, called the retina. In sensory psychology this effect is called a \"positive afterimage\".

答案是残留的余光根本不是真正的光芒。其实这是视网膜(眼后的神经细胞)的痕迹作用。感官心理学将这种现象称作“正后像”。 You can think of it as something like the vibration of a string after it has been struck. The player's finger is taken away, and yet the sound continues, because the energy she or he put into the string takes a little while to dissipate.

你可以将“正后像”视为拨动后琴弦的振动。弹琴者手指离开了琴，而琴音依旧。因为琴弦上的能量需要点时间消退。

It's a similar situation with your eyes. In order to respond usefully to such a relatively faintsignal as light, the cells in the retina need to be very sensitive. Over-stimulate them and some will continue responding for a couple of seconds after the stimulus is removed.

视觉的情况也类似，视网膜细胞的感光十分敏感以便及时感知像光线般微弱的信号。受到过度刺激的视网膜细胞，部分在刺激后持续反应。

Of course, the only thing we ever \"see\

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

our retinal cells — that's what our brains interpret as light from the outside world. So for as long as it takes for them to calm down, you will continue to see a faint glow of light — even though nothing is there. 当然，唯一我们“看到”的是视网膜细胞的激活也就是大脑解读的：外界的光线。所以，只要刺激后需要时间平复，你就能持续看到微弱的灯光，虽然，实际上并不存在。

Do hand sanitizers work any better than soapand water? 洗手液比肥皂水好用吗?

Yaël: We re-enjoy our hero, the handsome Donne, in the kitchen where he's preparing baked Alaska for his lovely bride.

再看看我们的男主角Donne，不仅拥有帅气的外表，还会在厨房里亲手为女朋友做火焰冰淇淋。

Don: Yes, yes. The way to a woman's heart is through her stomach. 嗯，嗯，抓住女人心最好的办法就是抓住她的胃!

Y: But wat's this? Donne's handling the food without first washing his hands. Isn't he worried about passing on cold germs and other nasty bacteria to the lovely Delina?

但是这又是什么意思啊?Donne做东西的时候都没有先洗洗手。难道他不担心将感冒病毒或是其它有害的细菌传给他那可爱的Delina?

D: Oh, cut the melodrama. I'm not poison in anyone. You see, ordinary soup and water dry my hands, so I switch to a hand sanitizer. A

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

hand sanitizer contains alcohol, which kills the germs and then evaporates on contact. And it also contains soothing emollients to counter the alcohol's drying effect.

好了，就别再说你那些戏剧之类的东西了，我又不迷恋谁谁谁。你知道的，用普通的肥皂或是水来洗手的话手会变得很干，所以我改用洗手液了。洗手液中含有酒精，能够杀死细菌且易挥发。另外，洗手液中还含有舒缓润肤剂可以一定程度上抵掉酒精的干燥作用。 Y: Not the fact, Don. Sure, hand sanitizers kill the germs on your hands–including the residentbacteria that live there, and the transient illness-causing bacteria you pick up off doorknobs. But unless you rinse them off in water, the dirt on your hands isn't affected. It's like sanitizing dishes without first rinsing them off.

事实并不是这样的，Don。诚然，洗手液能杀死手上的细菌，包括长期寄生菌，以及在门把手等东西上沾上的“临时”致病细菌。但是你若不将那些细菌洗入水中，你手上的细菌对你根本就毫无影响。这就像是你给碟子消毒却又不先将碟子冲洗干净一样。 D: Surely you jest. 开玩笑吧你!

Y: What's more, as the alcohol evaporates, it strips your hands of their protective oils and pulls up resident bacteria that live in the deeper layers of your skin, so you may end up with more germs on the surface of your hands than you started with.

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

还有呢，在酒精挥发的时候会顺便将你手上的一层保护油和皮肤深层的寄生菌也带走，如此一来你手的皮肤表层的细菌可能比用洗手液之前还要多。

D: Oh, no. So what's the neading man to do? 那要怎么办啊，总要洗手啊!

Y: Rinserinse and rinse more. While hand sanitizers offer a quick fix, they work best inconjunction with soap and water.

那就洗刷刷，洗刷刷，洗呗。虽然使用洗手液只是权宜之计，但总比用肥皂水洗要好些的

Overfishing Whales and the Environment 过度捕鲸与环境

Until recently, when scientists studied changes in open-ocean ecosystems, they looked at changes in the bottom of the food chain that gradually make their way to the top, like food shortages and shifts in the ocean environment. A recent study, however, suggests that more attention needs to be given to top-down influences as well.

直到最近，当科学家们在研究远洋地区生态系统的变化时，他们观察了处于食物链最底层并且在慢慢上升的(生物)变化，比如说食物短缺、海洋环境的变化。然而，最近的一项调查显示，人们还应该更多的注意(食物链)自上而下的影响。

For example, over the past few decades, there's been a major collapse of the populations ofharbor seals, fur seals, sea lions, and sea

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

otters living on the coasts of western Alaska. Now a new study suggests that all this destruction can be traced back to humans overfishing sperm and baleen whales between 1946 and 1979.

比方说，在过去的几十年里，生活在阿拉斯加西海岸的斑海豹、海狗、海狮和海獭数量极具下降。现在，一项新的调查显示，所有的这些毁坏都可以归咎于人类在1946年到1979年期间过度捕捞抹香鲸和须鲸。

Killer whales, who live at the top of the ocean food chain, used to prey on sperm and baleen whales. When these were no longer available, the killer whales were forced to fish farther down the food chain. First they fed on seals, which were the easiest to catch and the most nutritionallyvaluable.

虎鲸是在海洋食物链的最高层，它习惯于捕食抹香鲸和须鲸。当虎鲸不能再捕食它们的时候，它就被迫捕食处于更下一层的食物链(的生物)。她们先捕食的是最容易捕捉且最有营养价值的海豹。 Then, when seals became rare, the killer whales turned to sea lions. When the sea lionpopulation crashed, they started fishing sea otters. The domino effect reaches even farther. Without sea otters keeping sea urchins in check, their population has exploded. And they've destroyed the kelp forests, and with it, the kelp forest ecosystem in southwestern Alaska.

接着，当海豹变得稀少后，虎鲸便转向了海狮。而又当海狮的数

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

量变少后，虎鲸又开始猎杀海獭了。多米诺效应又继续延伸。没了海獭约束海胆，海胆的数量变得庞大起来。并且破坏阿拉斯加啊西南部的海藻林生态系统。

Animals switching food sources can have a very serious effect on the environment. And that we humans, as the ultimate predators, need to give a lot of thought to the choices we make. They may affect the food web in unintended ways.

动物间交换食物来源对环境有着很严重的影响。而作为终极捕食者，人类需要好好思考一下他们所做的选择。(因为)这些选择可能会以人们所不知道的方式来影响食物网。

Congress first dealt with issues of safety and health in the workplace in 10, when legislation was passed for safety standards in coal mines. Over the next several decades, more complicated machinery and new chemicals entered the workplace yearly, posing new hazards to workers.

国会第一次处理职业安全与健康的问题是在10年，当时国会立法通过了煤矿安全标准。在接下来的几十年里，每年都有更复杂的机器和新化学物质进入工作场所，给劳动者带来了新的危害。 By the late 1960s, an estimated 14,000 workers were dying on the job each year, and over 2 million were suffering disabling injuries from work-related accidents. For years business and labor groups wrangled over the need for federal legislation.

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

到20世纪60年代后期，据估计每年都有一万四千多名工人因工致死，还有超过两百万工人因工受伤或致残。多年来，工商界和劳动团体就联邦立法的需要一直争论不休。

Opinion in Congress was deeply split over what form legislation might take, but in 1970 Congress finally approved the Occupational Safety and Health Act, which would establish theOccupational Safety and Health Agency, or \"OSHA.\" OSHA quickly became one of the federal government's most disliked agencies.

国会内部在确定立法形式上发生了严重分歧，但最终于1970年批准通过职业安全与健康条例，并依法成立了职业安全与健康署，即 OSHA。OSHA 很快就成为联邦内部最不受欢迎的部门之一。 Businesses complained that they faced scores of nit-picking rules, high compliance costs, andarbitrary inspections. In response, OSHA scaled back many of its original rules, and focusedits safety inspections on the most dangerous workplaces. Employment in the U.S. has more than doubled since the creation of OSHA, but during the same time period, occupational injury and illness rates declined 40 percent, and the number of workplace fatalities dropped by 60 percent.

企业们抱怨他们要面对大量挑剔的规则，高昂的成本以及****的检查。作为回应，OSHA 缩减了原有规则的数量，将安检力度集中在最危险的工作岗位上。自从 OSHA 成立以来，美国就业人数翻了一番多。与此同时，因工受伤、患病的概率下降了40%，并且因公死

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

亡事件降低了60%。

WASHINGTON — Many patients who have heart disease or who have suffered a stroke don’t take their medications as regularly as prescribed. One study shows that a number of stroke patients stop taking their pills within three months after having a . A new study in Britain finds that if patients with heart disease can take a single pill instead of several pills, they are more likely to stay on their medication.

Patients at risk for (1) or (2) may be taking a lot of pills. Some could (3) blood pressure. Other pills could control cholesterol. Still others might be prescribed to prevent a heart attack.

Henryk Pycz, who has both high blood pressure and diabetes, participated in a study to see if he could do better in managing his health by reducing the number of pills he had to take.

\"When I was taking the medication consisting of a variety of tablets, I'd have either five, six or seven tablets to take,\" he said.

Dr. Simon Thom, from the National Heart and Lung Institute at the Imperial College in London, knew it was hard for patients to (4) all those medications.

\"We know there's a big shortfall in the (5) and continued usage of preventative medication, particularly in lower middle income countries,\" he said.

Dr. Thom led a study that involved more than 2,000 patients. Almost

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

90 percent of them had suffered a stroke or had heart disease. The other 10 percent had a high risk of having one. Half of the participants received a combination daily medication known as a polypill that contained statins, blood pressure medication and another drug like aspirin to prevent blood clots. The other participants were told to continue taking their regular medications. Dr. Thom says the results clearly (6) the polypill.

“More patients at the end of the trial were taking indicated medications in the form of the fixed dose (7) polypill than were in the usual care group,” he said.

The patients who took the polypill had improvements in control of both blood pressure and cholesterol. Pycz said he also learned something.

\"It helped me to understand that controlling your medication is important. The polypill meant that I was never out of sync I always had the correct amount of tablets to take,” he said.

Dr. Thom says the study has (8), especially for those who skip their medications.

“The polypill has a big public health opportunity to (9) of under usage of indicated and effective therapeutic medication,” he said. Dr. Thom says that's because those who made the biggest gains in taking in taking their medications as prescribed were the ones who were

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

most likely to skip them at the (10).

The study appears in the Journal of the American Medical Association. 听写答案 1.heart attack 2.stroke 3.reduce 4.manage 5.coverage 6.favored 7.combination 8.huge implications 9.bridge the gap 10.beginning of the trial 词汇解释

1.cholesteroln. [生化] 胆固醇

Scientists have established a connection between cholesterol levels and heart disease.

科学家已证实胆固醇含量与心脏病之间有关联。 2.shortfalln. 差额;缺少

There will soon be a shortfall in supply of qualified young people. 合格年轻人才的短缺将很快出现。

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

3.aspirinn. 阿司匹林(解热镇痛药)

She dosed him with non-aspirin tablets to reduce the fever. 她让他服用非阿司匹林药片降温退烧。

4.implication n. 含义;暗示;牵连，卷入;可能的结果，影响 The Attorney General was aware of the political implications of his decision to prosecute.

总检察长知道自己起诉的决定可能引起的政治后果。 5.therapeuticadj. 治疗的;治疗学的;有益于健康的 They hustled Jeanne to accept their therapeutic plan. 他们强迫珍妮接受他们的治疗方案。 内容解析

1.The polypill meant that I was never out of sync I always had the correct amount of tablets to take. out of sync 不同步

The film's sound-trackis out of sync with the picture. 这部影片的声迹与图像不同步。

He is completely out of sync with the current political trends. 他和目前的政治潮流完全不一致。

2.The polypill has a big public health opportunity to bridge the gap of under usage of indicated and effective therapeutic medication. bridge the gap 缩小差距

How can we bridge the gap between rich and poor?

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

怎样才能缩小之间的差距?

He made a bid to bridge the gap between he and his father. 他为了消除与父亲的代沟而努力。 参考译文

那些有心脏病或中风风险的病人可能会服用大量的药片，有的药可以降血压，有的可以控制胆固醇，还有的可以用来预防心脏病。 Henryk Pycz同时身患高血压和糖尿病，他参加了一项研究，来看看是否可以通过控制所服用药片的数量来达到更好的疗效。 “当你服用含有几种药片的药物时，实际上是服用了五、六甚至七片药。”

伦敦帝国学院国家心肺研究所的西蒙·托姆博士知道，要病人来管理好这些药物是不容易的。

“我们知道在预防性药物的覆盖面和继续使用程度上存在很大缺口，尤其在中低收入国家。”

托姆博士负责了一项涉及2000多病人的研究，其中几乎90%的患者患有中风或心脏病，其他10%很有可能患上这些病。一半的参加者得到名为多效药丸的复合日常用药，含有抑制素、血压药和另一种很像阿司匹林的用于预防血液阻塞的药物。其他的参加者被告知继续服用常规的药物。托姆博士说结果明显表明多效药丸更好。 “在试验的最后阶段，与常规用药的小组相比，那些服用多效药丸小组的病人有更多人根据医嘱服药。”

那些服用多效药丸的病人在控制血压和胆固醇方面都有改善，

-赵诚作品

-赵诚作品

Pycz说自己学到一些东西。

“这次试验让我明白，控制自己的用药很重要。多效药丸意味着永远不会出错，总能服用正确的药量。”

托姆博士说这项研究有着重大意义，尤其对于那些错过用药的病人来说。

“多效药丸带来了巨大的公共卫生机会，来弥合用药不足和有效使用治疗性药物的缺口。”

托姆博士说，这是因为，那些遵照医嘱服药并得到最大疗效的病人最可能在试验的开始阶段就忽略服药。 这项研究发表在杂志《美国医药协会》上。

-赵诚作品