【中考英语总复习 考点专项练习】40 阅读理解之议论文(原卷及答案)

议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。 二、解题方法：

一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨

标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总—分—总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。

二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解

除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断) 。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not或except等表示否定意义的词，则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。

三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图

做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要

想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的＂潜台词＂。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。

四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧

由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。

总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提高学生自主学习的能力。

A

（2022·湖北黄石·中考真题）

阅读材料，选择最佳选项。

Nowadays, experts call on high school students to read as many literary classics (文学名著) as possible. What do you think of it?

Linda: We don’t have enough life experiences, so we may have difficulty understanding the deeper classics. But this shouldn’t be a reason to give up reading classics. As Francis Bacon said, “Reading makes a full man; conference (谈话) a ready man; and writing an exact man.”

Curry: Classics are the treasures our ancestors left us. We should read them and pass them down. As the old Chinese saying goes, “One who is filled with knowledge always behaves well.” Classics can open up our minds and develop our interest in culture.

Frank: Without background and life experiences, students can’t understand what writers want to express in their classics. While reading, some students mainly pay attention to words and expressions rather than the hidden ideas. For this reason, reading classics might be a waste of time.

Mary: On the one hand, not all classics are suitable (合适的) for all students, as there are many difficult expressions and deep ideas. On the other hand, the special writing styles make it

difficult for students to understand. So they won’t probably choose them. 1．Who agrees with the idea of reading literary classics? A．Linda & Curry.

B．Linda & Mary.

C．Curry & Frank.

D．Frank & Mary.

2．What does Curry think of literary classics? A．They improve students’ reading skills. C．They help students learn more words. 性).

3．Frank thinks classics are not worth reading because ________. A．the writers live in different countries B．students prefer to read about life experiences

C．students might pay more attention to words and expressions D．students might not understand the writing styles 4．Both Linda and Curry explain their ideas by ________. A．listing examples C．giving quotes (引语)

5．What does the passage talk about?

A．Why literary classics become popular in high schools. B．Whether high school students should read literary classics. C．Why high school students should read literary classics. D．How high schools should help students improve reading skills.

B

（2022·四川广安·中考真题）

You may know about “junk food” like French fries. But do you know about “junk sleep”? Recently, a British survey（调查）shows that there are many electronic products in teenagers’ bedrooms. They are influencing teenagers’ sleep badly.

The survey was done among 1,000 British kids from 12 to 16. It found that 50% of them got just 4 to 7 hours’ sleep every day. But doctors say they need 8 to 9 hours.

Almost 25% of the kids said they often fell asleep while they were watching TV, listening to music or using other electronic products.

“This is very worrying,” said Dr. Chris, a British professor（教授）. “We call it ‘junk sleep’. It means you don’t get enough sleep and the quality（质量）of the sleep is low, too. If you don’t get a good rest, you won’t do well in school the next day.”

The survey found that quite a few of the kids felt tired each day because of the junk sleep, especially girls between 13 and 16 feeling the worst. Nearly all the teenagers have a phone, MP5

B．showing numbers

D．making comparisons (对比)

B．They develop students’ interest in culture. D．They can change students’ personalities (个

or TV in their bedrooms. And lots of them even have all the three.

Dr. Chris suggested that parents should help their children keep away from electronic products, and teenagers should spend less time on the electronic products. 6．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Junk food. C．Electronic products.

B．Junk sleep.

D．The importance of sleep.

7．How many of the children sleep only 4 to 7 hours a day in the survey? A．200.

B．250.

C．500.

D．1000.

8．“Junk food” and “junk sleep” are similar to each other because ________. A．they are both low in quality C．they are both enjoyed at weekends

B．they are both needed in our life

D．they are both necessary for people’s health

9．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Teenagers of 12 to 16 only need 4 to 7 hours’ sleep each day. B．Few of the teenagers have electronic products in their bedrooms. C．Teenagers spend too much time on electronic products.

D．Girls between 13 and 16 spend the least time on electronic products. 10．Which of the following should be the best way to solve the problem? A．Parents must take the electronic products away from their children. B．Parents stop the teenagers from using any electronic product. C．Teenagers should decide not to use the electronic products. D．Teenagers should spend less time on the electronic products.

C

（2022·广西贵港·二模）

When an Italian man went to work with a mask (口罩) to protect himself from the

COVID-19, he was criticized (批评) by his workmates for causing panic (恐慌). But in China and other Asian countries, almost everyone wears a mask during outbreaks (爆发). Why do the East and the West have different ideas about wearing masks?

In the West, people wear masks only when they get sick. People see masks as a tool to protect sick people and stop disease (疾病) from spreading, so healthy people don’t need to wear them. If a person goes out with a mask, other people may look at him like a virus (病毒) spreader. Even their friends tried to stay away from them. Some Western people say wearing a mask in public makes them feel “worried”, “shy”, and “afraid of being looked at differently”. But as the number

of COVID-19 cases (病例) keeps growing around the world, more and more healthy people are starting to wear masks to protect themselves, people in the West are changing their ideas.

In Asian countries like China and Japan, wearing masks is common. In 1910, Chinese doctor Wu Liande invented the modern medical mask. During the 2003 SARS, people used masks widely in China and East Asia. Many Chinese also wear masks to keep warm in winter or protect against air pollution.

In Japan, some young women may wear masks when they don’t have their makeup (化妆) on. Many pop stars in Asia also wear masks to protect their privacy (隐私) when they go out. This cultural background has made it easier for people in the East to wear masks during the COVID-19 outbreak.

11．How did the Italian man’s workmates feel about him? A．He caused panic.

C．He didn’t want to go to work.

B．He was too worried to work. D．He wanted to protect himself.

12．Why do Western people refuse to wear masks? A．Because they are afraid to look ugly with face masks. B．Because they don’t want others to know they are ill. C．Because they hope to comfort other people in this way. D．Because they don’t think healthy people need masks. 13．Where was the modern medical mask invented? A．In England.

B．In China.

C．In Japan.

D．In the USA．

14．Which of the following is Not TRUE according to the passage? A．Asian people wear masks to protect their privacy. B．Asian people wear masks to protect against air pollution. C．Asian people wear masks to stop disease from spreading.

D．Asian people wear masks to make them look fashionable (时尚的). 15．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Western people’s trouble of wearing masks. B．The reasons why masks are popular in Asian culture.

C．Different ideas of using masks in Eastern and Western countries. D．The importance of wearing masks during the COVID-19 outbreak.

D

（2022·辽宁辽阳·一模）

At the crossroads

“WHY DIDN’T the chicken cross the road?”

“Because there was a KFC on the other side.”

This was one of my favorite jokes when I was growing up. But now I wonder if the chicken would want to cross the road even if there were no KFCs.

Rules for when, where and how we should use the streets are important for safety and order in society. We are taught in primary school that we should always follow them. But these days, we seem to live life at top speed. Many times, I have seen people cross the street unsafely. “Speedy”, deliverymen （送货员）run the red lights and get dangerously close to pedestrians（行人）.These people think “speed” is more important than “safety”. They are putting the cart （马车）before the horse.

Shanghai has now introduced new traffic rules. People will be fined for jaywalking or jay riding. For sure, this is welcome. However, there may be problems. Before giving a fine, the police must witness （当场看到） the person jaywalking or jay-riding, but there are not enough police officers to keep an eye on all the streets. That means some lawbreakers will not be caught and fined. Also, some say the fine is too small （20 yuan for jaywalkers and 50 yuan for jay-riders） to stop people from breaking the rules.

I applaud （称赞）Shanghai for introducing the new rules, but I think the city can do even better. Otherwise, smart “chickens” might still be a little scared about crossing the road. 16．A jay-rider might ________ while crossing the street. A．drive slowly C．run the red lights

B．let pedestrians go first D．stay away from other cars

17．Some deliverymen think _________ is more important. A．safety

B．speed

C．money

D．order

18．The underlined part “putting the cart before the horse” probably means _________ in Chinese. A．马失前蹄

B．本末倒置

C．重蹈覆辙

D．南辕北辙

19．Shanghai’s new traffic rules are introduced to ________. A．stop people breaking traffic rules C．make people live life at top speed

B．help people to cross roads easily D．show people the importance of safety

20．According to the writer, we can know that Shanghai’s new traffic rules ________. A．are too strict to follow C．are unable to solve traffic jams

B．are necessary for kids to know D．are fine but need to be improved

专项40 阅读理解之议论文

议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。 二、解题方法：

一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨

标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总—分—总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。

二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解

除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断) 。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not或except等表示否定意义的词，则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。

三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图

做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要

想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的＂潜台词＂。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。

四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧

由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。

总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提高学生自主学习的能力。

A

（2022·湖北黄石·中考真题）

阅读材料，选择最佳选项。

Nowadays, experts call on high school students to read as many literary classics (文学名著) as possible. What do you think of it?

Linda: We don’t have enough life experiences, so we may have difficulty understanding the deeper classics. But this shouldn’t be a reason to give up reading classics. As Francis Bacon said, “Reading makes a full man; conference (谈话) a ready man; and writing an exact man.”

Curry: Classics are the treasures our ancestors left us. We should read them and pass them down. As the old Chinese saying goes, “One who is filled with knowledge always behaves well.” Classics can open up our minds and develop our interest in culture.

Frank: Without background and life experiences, students can’t understand what writers want to express in their classics. While reading, some students mainly pay attention to words and expressions rather than the hidden ideas. For this reason, reading classics might be a waste of time.

Mary: On the one hand, not all classics are suitable (合适的) for all students, as there are many difficult expressions and deep ideas. On the other hand, the special writing styles make it

difficult for students to understand. So they won’t probably choose them. 1．Who agrees with the idea of reading literary classics? A．Linda & Curry.

B．Linda & Mary.

C．Curry & Frank.

D．Frank & Mary.

2．What does Curry think of literary classics? A．They improve students’ reading skills. C．They help students learn more words. 性).

3．Frank thinks classics are not worth reading because ________. A．the writers live in different countries B．students prefer to read about life experiences

C．students might pay more attention to words and expressions D．students might not understand the writing styles 4．Both Linda and Curry explain their ideas by ________. A．listing examples C．giving quotes (引语)

5．What does the passage talk about?

A．Why literary classics become popular in high schools. B．Whether high school students should read literary classics. C．Why high school students should read literary classics. D．How high schools should help students improve reading skills. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．B

【导语】本文主要谈论了高中生是否应该读文学名著。四个人给出他们各自的观点。 1．细节理解题。根据“Linda: We don’t have enough life experiences, so we may have difficulty understanding the deeper classics. But this shouldn’t be a reason to give up reading classics.”（Linda：我们没有足够的生活经验，所以我们可能难以理解更深层次的经典。但这不应该成为放弃阅读经典的理由。）以及“Curry: Classics are the treasures our ancestors left us. We should read them and pass them down. ”（Curry：经典是我们祖先留给我们的财富。我们应该阅读它们并将其传下去。）可知Linda和Curry同意阅读文学名著，故选A。

2．细节理解题。根据“Classics can open up our minds and develop our interest in culture.”可知Curry认为经典培养学生对文化的兴趣。故选B。

3．细节理解题。根据“Without background and life experiences, students can’t understand what writers want to express in their classics. While reading, some students mainly pay attention to words and expressions rather than the hidden ideas. For this reason, reading classics might be a waste of time.”（没有背景和生活经历，学生们无法理解作家想要在他们的经典作品中表达

B．showing numbers

D．making comparisons (对比)

B．They develop students’ interest in culture. D．They can change students’ personalities (个

什么。在阅读时，一些学生主要关注单词和表达，而不是隐藏的思想。因此，阅读经典可能是浪费时间。）可知Frank认为经典名著不值得读，因为学生可能会更注意单词和表达，故选C。

4．细节理解题。根据“As Francis Bacon said, ‘Reading makes a full man; conference (谈话) a ready man; and writing an exact man.’”以及“As the old Chinese saying goes, ‘One who is filled with knowledge always behaves well.’”可知Linda和Curry都通过引用名言来解释他们的想法，故选C。

5．主旨大意题。根据“Nowadays, experts call on high school students to read as many literary classics (文学名著) as possible. What do you think of it?”可知本文主要谈论了高中生是否应该读文学名著。故选B。

B

（2022·四川广安·中考真题）

You may know about “junk food” like French fries. But do you know about “junk sleep”? Recently, a British survey（调查）shows that there are many electronic products in teenagers’ bedrooms. They are influencing teenagers’ sleep badly.

The survey was done among 1,000 British kids from 12 to 16. It found that 50% of them got just 4 to 7 hours’ sleep every day. But doctors say they need 8 to 9 hours.

Almost 25% of the kids said they often fell asleep while they were watching TV, listening to music or using other electronic products.

“This is very worrying,” said Dr. Chris, a British professor（教授）. “We call it ‘junk sleep’. It means you don’t get enough sleep and the quality（质量）of the sleep is low, too. If you don’t get a good rest, you won’t do well in school the next day.”

The survey found that quite a few of the kids felt tired each day because of the junk sleep, especially girls between 13 and 16 feeling the worst. Nearly all the teenagers have a phone, MP5 or TV in their bedrooms. And lots of them even have all the three.

Dr. Chris suggested that parents should help their children keep away from electronic products, and teenagers should spend less time on the electronic products. 6．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Junk food. C．Electronic products.

B．Junk sleep.

D．The importance of sleep.

7．How many of the children sleep only 4 to 7 hours a day in the survey? A．200.

B．250.

C．500.

D．1000.

8．“Junk food” and “junk sleep” are similar to each other because ________. A．they are both low in quality C．they are both enjoyed at weekends

B．they are both needed in our life

D．they are both necessary for people’s health

9．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Teenagers of 12 to 16 only need 4 to 7 hours’ sleep each day. B．Few of the teenagers have electronic products in their bedrooms. C．Teenagers spend too much time on electronic products.

D．Girls between 13 and 16 spend the least time on electronic products. 10．Which of the following should be the best way to solve the problem? A．Parents must take the electronic products away from their children. B．Parents stop the teenagers from using any electronic product. C．Teenagers should decide not to use the electronic products. D．Teenagers should spend less time on the electronic products. 【答案】6．B 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．D

【导语】本文讲述青少年床上的电子产品会影响到他们的睡眠，导致垃圾睡眠。 6．主旨大意题。根据第一段“junk sleep”及“there are many electronic products in teenagers’ bedrooms. They are influencing teenagers’ sleep badly”，可知文章主要介绍了垃圾睡眠。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据第二段“The survey was done among 1,000 British kids from 12 to 16. It found that 50% of them got just 4 to 7 hours’ sleep every day”可知，有1000个孩子参与调查，其中50%的孩子每天只睡4到7小时，可知只睡四到七个小时的人数是1000×50%=500人。故选C。

8．推理判断题。根据第四段“We call it ‘junk sleep’. It means you don’t get enough sleep and the quality of the sleep is bad, too”可知，垃圾睡眠指睡眠质量不好，垃圾食品指的是质量不好的食品，可推断两者质量都不好。故选A。

9．推理判断题。根据最后一段“parents should help their children keep away from electronic products, and teenagers should spend less time on the electronic products”父母应该帮助孩子远离电子产品，青少年花费在电子产品上的时间应该更少。可知，青少年花费在电子产品上的时间太多了。故选C。

10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“parents should help their children keep away from electronic products, and teenagers should spend less time on the electronic products”可知，电子产品影响青少年的睡眠，解决问题的最好的办法是花更少的时间在电子产品上。故选D。

C

（2022·广西贵港·二模）

When an Italian man went to work with a mask (口罩) to protect himself from the

COVID-19, he was criticized (批评) by his workmates for causing panic (恐慌). But in China and

other Asian countries, almost everyone wears a mask during outbreaks (爆发). Why do the East and the West have different ideas about wearing masks?

In the West, people wear masks only when they get sick. People see masks as a tool to protect sick people and stop disease (疾病) from spreading, so healthy people don’t need to wear them. If a person goes out with a mask, other people may look at him like a virus (病毒) spreader. Even their friends tried to stay away from them. Some Western people say wearing a mask in public makes them feel “worried”, “shy”, and “afraid of being looked at differently”. But as the number of COVID-19 cases (病例) keeps growing around the world, more and more healthy people are starting to wear masks to protect themselves, people in the West are changing their ideas.

In Asian countries like China and Japan, wearing masks is common. In 1910, Chinese doctor Wu Liande invented the modern medical mask. During the 2003 SARS, people used masks widely in China and East Asia. Many Chinese also wear masks to keep warm in winter or protect against air pollution.

In Japan, some young women may wear masks when they don’t have their makeup (化妆) on. Many pop stars in Asia also wear masks to protect their privacy (隐私) when they go out. This cultural background has made it easier for people in the East to wear masks during the COVID-19 outbreak.

11．How did the Italian man’s workmates feel about him? A．He caused panic.

C．He didn’t want to go to work.

B．He was too worried to work. D．He wanted to protect himself.

12．Why do Western people refuse to wear masks? A．Because they are afraid to look ugly with face masks. B．Because they don’t want others to know they are ill. C．Because they hope to comfort other people in this way. D．Because they don’t think healthy people need masks. 13．Where was the modern medical mask invented? A．In England.

B．In China.

C．In Japan.

D．In the USA．

14．Which of the following is Not TRUE according to the passage? A．Asian people wear masks to protect their privacy. B．Asian people wear masks to protect against air pollution. C．Asian people wear masks to stop disease from spreading.

D．Asian people wear masks to make them look fashionable (时尚的). 15．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Western people’s trouble of wearing masks. B．The reasons why masks are popular in Asian culture.

C．Different ideas of using masks in Eastern and Western countries. D．The importance of wearing masks during the COVID-19 outbreak. 【答案】11．A 12．D 13．B 14．D 15．C

【导语】本文主要介绍了东西方国家对于戴口罩的不同观点。

11．细节理解题。根据“When an Italian man went to work with a mask to protect himself from the COVID-19, he was criticized by his workmates for causing panic.”可知，这个意大利男人的同事认为他佩戴口罩的行为引起了恐慌。故选A。

12．细节理解题。根据“People see masks as a tool to protect sick people and stop disease from spreading, so healthy people don’t need to wear them.”可知，西方国家的人们认为健康人不需要戴口罩，所以他们拒绝戴口罩。故选D。

13．细节理解题。根据“In 1910, Chinese doctor Wu Liande invented the modern medical mask.”可知，现代医用口罩在中国被发明。故选B。

14．细节理解题。根据“Many pop stars in Asia also wear masks to protect their privacy when they go out…Many Chinese also wear masks to keep warm in winter or protect against air

pollution.…During the 2003 SARS, people used masks widely in China and East Asia.”可知，亚洲人戴口罩保护个人隐私，亚洲人戴口罩为了防止空气污染，亚洲人戴口罩为了防止疾病的传播。文中没有提到亚洲人戴口罩使自己看起来时尚。故选D。

15．主旨大意题。根据“Why do the East and the West have different ideas about wearing masks?”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了东西方国家对于佩戴口罩的不同观点。故选C。

D

（2022·辽宁辽阳·一模）

At the crossroads

“WHY DIDN’T the chicken cross the road?” “Because there was a KFC on the other side.”

This was one of my favorite jokes when I was growing up. But now I wonder if the chicken would want to cross the road even if there were no KFCs.

Rules for when, where and how we should use the streets are important for safety and order in society. We are taught in primary school that we should always follow them. But these days, we seem to live life at top speed. Many times, I have seen people cross the street unsafely. “Speedy”, deliverymen （送货员）run the red lights and get dangerously close to pedestrians（行人）.These people think “speed” is more important than “safety”. They are putting the cart （马车）before the horse.

Shanghai has now introduced new traffic rules. People will be fined for jaywalking or jay riding. For sure, this is welcome. However, there may be problems. Before giving a fine, the police must witness （当场看到） the person jaywalking or jay-riding, but there are not enough

police officers to keep an eye on all the streets. That means some lawbreakers will not be caught and fined. Also, some say the fine is too small （20 yuan for jaywalkers and 50 yuan for jay-riders） to stop people from breaking the rules.

I applaud （称赞）Shanghai for introducing the new rules, but I think the city can do even better. Otherwise, smart “chickens” might still be a little scared about crossing the road. 16．A jay-rider might ________ while crossing the street. A．drive slowly C．run the red lights

B．let pedestrians go first D．stay away from other cars

17．Some deliverymen think _________ is more important. A．safety

B．speed

C．money

D．order

18．The underlined part “putting the cart before the horse” probably means _________ in Chinese. A．马失前蹄

B．本末倒置

C．重蹈覆辙

D．南辕北辙

19．Shanghai’s new traffic rules are introduced to ________. A．stop people breaking traffic rules C．make people live life at top speed

B．help people to cross roads easily D．show people the importance of safety

20．According to the writer, we can know that Shanghai’s new traffic rules ________. A．are too strict to follow C．are unable to solve traffic jams

B．are necessary for kids to know D．are fine but need to be improved

【答案】16．C 17．B 18．B 19．A 20．D

【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲人们不顾安全乱穿马路的现象及上海出台的相应的惩罚措施。

16．细节理解题。根据“Shanghai has now introduced new traffic rules. People will be fined for jaywalking or jay riding.”可知“jay riding”会被罚款，可知“jay riding”是不好的行为，结合选项可知选项C“闯红灯”符合题意。故选C。

17．细节理解题。根据“deliverymen （送货员）run the red lights and get dangerously close to pedestrians（行人）.These people think ‘speed’ is more important than ‘safety’ .”可知快递员认为速度比安全更重要。故选B。

18．词义猜测题。根据“putting the cart （马车）before the horse.”可知本意是“把马车放在马的前面”，不知哪一个才是重要的。与此义符合的是B项“本末倒置”。故选B。

19．细节理解题。根据“Shanghai has now introduced new traffic rules. People will be fined for jaywalking or jay riding.”可知违反交通规则的人会被处罚，故上海颁发的交通规则是为了让人们遵守交规。故选A。

20．细节理解题。根据“I applaud （称赞）Shanghai for introducing the new rules, but I think the city can do even better.”可知上海交通规则的引进是很好的，但是还可以做得更好。故选D。