2012届高考英语二轮专题精品复习资料阅读理解（十五）
1
Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation (感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions — those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person’ s perception (感知) of another’ s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness.Classic studics by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal.Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing
people as “warm”， or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses (假设) , handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of“Person A”based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly，” says Bargh.
【文章大意概括】 最近的心理学研究发现，人们对“温暖”或者“寒冷”的感受可以改变人们的情感。
5．According to Paragraph 1, a person’ s emotion may be affected by________.
A. the visitors to his office
B. the psychology lessons he has
C. his physical feeling of coldness
D. the things he has bought online
【详解剖析】 细节理解题。由文章第一段的第三句话可知，温暖的感觉激发温暖的情感，而冷饮在手则会阻止你做出不明智的决定，因此可以说一个人的情感可能会受到冷的感觉的影响。
【最佳选项】 B
6．The author mentions Harlow’ s experiment to show that________.
A. adults should develop social skills
B. babies need warm physical contact
C. caregivers should be healthy adults
D. monkeys have social relationships
【详解剖析】 细节理解题。在试验中，猴子喜欢去靠近布制的“妈妈”而不喜欢“金属线”做的“妈妈”。这使心理学家们强调养育者应该让孩子们多接触一些令人感觉温暖的东西，以帮助孩子们成长为有正常社交技能的健康的成年人，故B项正确。
【最佳选项】 B
7．In Bargh’ s experiment, the students were asked to________.
A. evaluate someone’ s personality
B. write down their hypotheses
C. fill out a personal information form
D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively
【详解剖析】 细节理解题。由文中倒数第二段中的“After that，the students were asked to rate the personality of‘Person A’based on a particular description.”可知选A。在试验中，学生被要求评价某人的性格。
【最佳选项】 A
8．We can infer from the passage that________.
A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences
B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide
C. physical temperature affects how we see others
D. capable persons are often cold to others
【详解剖析】 推理判断题。全文都在论述人们对“温暖”或“寒冷”的感觉可以影响人们对事物的评价。因此，物理温度会影响我们看待他人的方式。因此选C。
【最佳选项】 C
9．What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships
B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation
C. Developing Better Drinking Habits
D. Physical Sensations and Emotions
【详解剖析】 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是人们对物理温度的感觉对人们情绪的影响， D项概括性比较强。
【最佳选项】 D
2
In ancient Egypt ，the pharaoh(法老) treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off.
Shades of that spirit spread over today’ s conversations.Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked
lightheartedly out the door，picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, “Oh boy, bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it’ s going to rain.” I wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, for his smile.
Several months ago I was racing to catch a bus.As I breathlessly put my handful of cash across the Greyhound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile, “Oh that bus left five minutes ago.” Dreams of headcutting!
It’ s not the news that makes someone angry. It’ s the unsympathetic attitude with which it’ s delivered. Everyone must give bad news from time to time, and winning professionals do it with the proper attitude. A doctor advising a patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way. A boss informing an employee he didn’ t get the job takes on a sympathetic tone.Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver.
Unfortunately, many people are not aware of this. When you are tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isn’ t ready yet? When you had your heart set on the toast beef, has your waiter merrily told you that he just served the last piece? It makes you as traveler or diner want to land your fist right on their unsympathetic faces.
Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warning.Had the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left, I probably would have said, “Oh, that ’
s all right. I’ll catch the next one. ”Big winners, when they bear bad news, deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded (被轰炸的) person is sure to have.
【文章大意概括】 当我们告诉别人不好的消息时，我们应该以同情的表情和语气来表达。
1．In Paragraph 1 ，the writer tells the story of the pharaoh to________.
A. make a comparison B. introduce a topic
C. describe a scene D. offer an argument
【详解剖析】 逻辑推理题。从第一段可知，作者用“法老的故事”来引出文章的话题，所以答案选B。
【最佳选项】 B
2．In the writer’ s opinion, his neighbor was________.
A. friendly B. warmhearted
C. not considerate D. not helpful
【详解剖析】 事实细节题。文章中第二段，作者的邻居高兴地向作者传达一个坏消息，他没有考虑作者的感受，由此可知作者的邻居很不会体贴人，考虑事情不周全。
【最佳选项】 C
3．From “Dreams of headcutting！” ( Paragraph 3 ), we learn that the writer________.
A. was mad at the sales agent
B. was reminded of the cruel pharaoh
C. wished that the sales agent would have bad dreams
D. dreamed of cutting the sales agent’ s head that night
【详解剖析】 逻辑推理题。从文章第三段推断可知，作者对售票员的这种行为非常愤怒，所以答案选A。
【最佳选项】 A
4．What is the main idea of the text?
A. Delivering bad news properly is important in communication.
B. Helping others sincerely is the key to business success.
C. Receiving bad news requires great courage.
D. Learning ancient traditions can be useful.
【详解剖析】 主旨大意题。本文告诉我们“在日常交流中，当向别人传达坏消息时应该委婉地表达出来，以照顾到对方的感受，这在日常交流中是非常重要的”。由此可知答案为A项。
【最佳选项】 A
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