4×4=16 一般时 例如study study studies am studying is studying are studying was studying were studying have studied has studied have been studying has been studying 进行时 完成时 完成进行时 现在 过去 studied had studied had been studying 将来 shall study shall be studying shall have studied shall have been studying will study will be studying will have studied will have been studying 过去将来 should study should be studying should have studied should have been studying would study would be studying would have studied would have been studying
八种高中英语需要掌握的时态 ★一般现在时
1、表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态。
--- How often does she visit her parents? --- Twice a month.
2、永恒的真理和客观事实。 Summer follows spring.
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 3、表示主语的特征、能力和状态
This cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很软。 I love classical music. 我喜欢古典音乐。
The President still seems able to find time to go fishing.
4、①在条件、让步或时间状语从句中，经常使用一般现在时代替一般将来时。（主将从现） I’ll let you know as soon as he gets there. ②表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作。 We leave at 11:15 and arrive at 17:50 tomorrow.
5、表示告诫或劝说
You mind your own business. 你不要管闲事！
If he does that again, he goes to prison. 如果他再那样的话，他就会进监狱的。 6、表示现在瞬间的动作
Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。 There goes the bell. 铃响了。
★一般过去时
1、已经完成的动作、结束的事情，或在过去重复发生的动作. When I was a child we always went to the seaside in August. 2、used to :表示过去的习惯，现在不存在。 I used to smoke, but I don’t any more.
3、用在it’s time, would rather, wish后面的从句中
It’s time you went home. I wish I had a better memory. I’d rather you came tomorrow.
4、在从句中用来说明现在还存在着“过去”的情况 I’m sorry we left Paris. It was such a nice place.
5、could, might, would, should等“过去”的情态动词可用来指现在或者将来。
Could you help me for a moment ? 你能帮我一会吗？（用委婉的语气表将来） I think it might rain soon. 我人为可能很快就下雨。 Would you come this way, please ? 请这边走。 Alice should be here soon. Alice 一会就到。 6、一般过去时与现在完成时在时间上的比较
①现在完成时所用的时间词: since, ever since, for…, recently, lately, so far, yet, all this year, all my life, ever, never, already, before, just, in / during the last /past + 时间段, etc.
②一般过去时所用的时间词yesterday, last week, in 1999, when, years ago, then, just now, etc.
一般将来是时
1、用will, shall 表示将来。
①决定：谈及正在作出的一项决定时，常用I’ll----I will，不能用be going to ,因为它表示事先就已经作出的决定
---The phone is ringing. ---I’ll answer it.
---Come to a party. ---OK. I’ll bring my friend.
②威胁和允诺：第一人称用will (‘ll);第二人称用shall I’ll hit you if you do that again. He shall have a gift for Christmas.
③提议和请求：用Shall I …?/Shall we…?表示提议; 用Will you…?表示请求
Shall I carry your bag? Will you give me a hand?
④I will/ We will 表示有强烈意图、提议、坚持或自愿做某事; 不能用shall I will stop smoking---I really will. 2、用 be going to 表示 ①已经决定要做的事情
We’re going to France next summer. ②现在肯定讲会发生的事情
Look at those clouds---it’s going to rain. ③强烈的决心
I’m going to keep asking her out until she says yes.
3、用be about to do sth 表示最近的将来，“正要”，“马上就要” I am about to leave when there is a knock at the door. 4、用be to do sth表示预定要做的事情
The French President is to visit Japan next week 5、 be going to 与 will / shall 的对比 ①都可以表示预言
Do you think the car will start / is going to start?
②讲到条件时(即如果一事发生，另一事也就发生)，用will / shall 对将来进行预测，不用
be going to ，即使条件没有说出来
例1. If I give you money you’ll only spend it on drink. ---Come out for a drink. 例2. ---No, my TV program. A. I’m going to miss B. I’ll miss正确 过去将来时
1、从过去的观点来看未来，常用在宾语从句中或间接引语中
Last week he promised that he would come today, but he has not arrived yet. 2、过去将来时的其它主要形式 was / were going to was / were about to
We were just going to ( about to ) leave when Tom fell and hurt his ankle. 现在进行时
1、说话时正进行的动作或情况
Someone’s knocking at the door. Can you answer it? 2、发展中的或正在改变的情况
The weather is getting better and better. 3、任何时候都可能在进行中的事情
I don’t like to be disturbed if I’m working. You look lovely when you’re smiling. 4、表示将来
①可用下列词：go, come, arrive, leave, start He’s arriving tomorrow morning. ②通过一个表示将来的的时间状语 What are you doing this evening? 5、现在进行时与一般现在时的对比
①现在进行时用来谈论暂时的情况，一般现在时用来表示永久的情况，或经常发生的事情或习惯。
He’s not working very hard at the moment. 目前工作不努力。 He doesn’t work very hard. 通常工作不努力。 ②讲故事、评论事情、解说体育运动等用一般现在时来叙述故事中一件又一件发生的事情
Harrison shoots, but the ball hits the post and Jackson clear. 哈里森射门，但是球碰倒柱子上，接着杰克逊解了围。 过去进行时
1、过去某时正发生的事情。
What were you doing yesterday at seven p. m. ?
2、在一个句子里，过去进行时常与一般过去时连用，此时，进行时表示较长的正在进行的动作，而一般时表示较短暂的动作或事情。 The phone rang while I was having my bath. When she arrived, I was telephoning Harry. When she arrived, I telephoned Harry. (到后做)
The reporter said that the UFO was traveling to west when he saw it. 3、可用while强调同时进行的两种或几种动作。
While I was working in the garden, my wife was cooking dinner。 现在完成时
1、开始于过去并将持续到现在的动作，常与下列词连用：for…, since…, recently, lately, so far, all this year, up till now, etc.
例1.I’ve planted 14 trees so far this morning.
例2.---How are you today? ---Oh, I as ill as I do now for a long time. A. didn’t feel B. don’t feel C. wasn’t feeling D. haven’t felt 2、在过去某个不确定的时间发生的动作，但与现在有某种联系，因为我们所关心的是“现在”还存在着“过去”发生某事的结果，常和下列词连用：ever(问句或肯定句)，already(肯定句), never(否定句),yet(问句或否定句),before
例1. --- my glasses? ---Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen 例2. --Have you passed your test ? --Yes. --When did you pass it? --(I passed it) Last week.
例3. —Have you passed your test? --Not yet.--When will you pass it? -- Next week.
对比：Have you seen this film? (曾经经过) Did you see this film ? (某特定时间)
3、可表示反复性或习惯性，常与often, three times 等词连用 I’ve watched him on TV several times.
4、终止性动词可用完成时，但不能和for, how long 等时间词连用，此时常用替换词 This film has begun
How long has this film been on?
begin borrow come die be on keep be here be dead join buy leave be in have be away
5、其它和现在完成时连用的词:just, in (within) the past (last) + 时间段; 对比：He has just fallen downstairs. He fell downstairs just now. 6、特殊结构
①This is the first (most / only ) + n. + that-clause This is the best film I have ever seen.
②It’s + 时间段+ since-clause (从句用过去时) It’s two years since he died. He has been dead for two years. He died two years ago.
7、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的用法区别：
现在完成进行时强调动作延续到未来或仍在进行. I’ve written an article. (已完成)
I’ve been writing an article. (还在写) 过去完成时
1、过去发生的两个动作，先发生的用过去完成时 With their help I realized that I had been wrong. 2、过去某时以前发生的动作或情况 He hasn’t finished yet.
He didn’t finish yesterday evening.
He hadn’t finished by yesterday evening. 3、常用过去完成时的情况
①No sooner…than…. Hardly…when…
No sooner had he begun his speech than he was interrupted
②expect, hope, think, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时(或一般时)表示想做而未做的事
I had planned to send him a telegram, but I didn’t manage it. 4、使用过去完成时的必要性和非必要性 ①句意十分清楚时，可用一般时 After I finished, I went home.
②常用一般过去时表示依次发生的动作
I got out of the taxi, paid the fare(车费) and managed it. ③有时必须明确，特别是含when时 When I arrived, Ann left. (同时见到)(见到Ann)
When I arrived, Ann had left. (先后发生)(没见到)
5、常用过去完成时的时间主状语
by the end of + 过去时间 ; by + 过去时间 by the time + 过去时间; 过去时间 + before 比较：
By the time he was 11, he had learned 3000 words . By the time he is 11, he will have learned 3000 words. By the time last week, I had learned 3000 words.
By the time next week, I will have learned 3000 words
2011年高考英语动词时态考点及精品练习题（七） ◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. “I _____ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I ____ to bring my phone book.” A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget 【陷阱】容易误选A，认为“忘记”是现在的事。
【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”，这个“忘记”应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，故第一空应填 forget；第二个人说“我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了”，这个“忘记”应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上(注意句中的转折连词 but)，故第二空应填 forgot，即答案选应C。请再看一例： — Oh, I ______ where he lives.
— Don’t you carry your address book? No, I ______ to bring it.
A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget 答案选C，理由同上。
2. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _____ too busy. A. was B. had been
C. would be D. would have been
【陷阱】容易误选B或D，认为前句用了had hoped，所以此句谓语要用B或D与之呼应。 【分析】但正确答案为A，前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为“本想”，而后一句说“我太忙”，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。请做以下类似试题(答案均为A)：
(1) We had hoped to catch the 10:20 train, but _____ it was gone. A. found B. had found
C. would find D. would have found (2) We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _____. A. didn’t B. hadn’t
C. needn’t D. would not have (3) We had wanted to come to see him, but we ____ no time. A. had B. had had
C. would have D. would have had
(4) I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone ______ and I couldn’t get away.
A. called B. had called
C. would call D. would have called
(5) The traffic accident wouldn’t have happened yesterday, but the driver _______ really careless. A. was B. is
C. were D. had been
3. Dear me! Just _____ at the time! I _____ no idea it was so late. A. look, have B. looking, had C. look, had D. looking, have
【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为第一空用现在分词表伴随，第二空填 have 的一般现在时，以保持与前面时态的一致性。
【分析】其实，此题应选C，第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空应填 had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态，许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。 4. “Your phone number again? I _____ quite catch it.” “It’s 4331577” A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
【陷阱】此题容易误选C，认为此处要用一般现在时态，表示现在“没听清对方的话”。 【分析】其实，此题答案应选A，根据上文的语境“请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗?”可知“没听清对方的电话号码”应是在说此话以前，故应用一般过去时态。请看以下类似试题： (1) “Mr Smith isn’t coming tonight.” “ But he _____.” A. promises B. promised
C. will promise D. had promised 答案选B，“他答应(要来)”应发生在过去。
(2) “Hey, look where you are going!” “Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _____.” A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice
答案选B，“我没注意”是对方提醒之前的事，现经对方一提醒，当然注意到了。 (3) “Oh it’s you ! I ________ you.” “I’ve had my hair cut.” A. didn’t realize B. haven’t realized C. didn’t recognize D. don’t recognized
答案选C。“没认出是你”是说此话之前的事，说此话时显然已经认出了对方。 (4) “What’s her new telephone number?” “Oh, I _____.” A. forget B. forgot
C. had forgotten D. am forgetting
此题应选A，从语境上看，“忘记”的时间应是现在，即指现在不记得了。
(5) “Since you’ve agreed to go, why aren’t you getting ready?” “But I ______ that you would have me start at once.”
A. don’t realize B. didn’t realize C. hadn’t realized D. haven’t realized 答案选B。“没意识到”是对方提醒之前的事。
(6) “It’s twelve o’clock, I think I must be off now.” “Oh, really? I ______ it at all.” A. don’t realize B. haven’t realized C. didn’t realize D. hadn’t realized 答案选C。“没意识到”是在听到的话之前的事。
5. Mr Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it. A. has written B. wrote
C. had written D. was writing 【陷阱】容易误选B或C。
【分析】此题应选D，这是由 but I don’t know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。有的同学可能由于受 last year的影响而误选B。但若选B，则句子前半部分的意思则变为“史密斯先生去年写了一本书”，既然是“写了”，那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。 6. He has changed a lot. He _______ not what he _______. A. is, is B. was, was
C. is, was D. was, is 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选C，上文说“他”变化很大，即“他”现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其实第二空也可用 used to be）。请看类例： “What place is it?” “Haven’t you found out we _____ back where we ______?” A. were, had been B. have been, are C. are, were D. are, had been
答案选C，We are back where we were 的意思是“我们（现在）又回到刚才来过的地方”。 7. He is very busy. I don’t know if he _____ or not tomorrow. A. come B. comes C. will come D. is coming
【陷阱】此题容易误选B。认为 if 引导的是条件状语从句，从句谓语要用一般现在时表示将来意义。
【分析】其实，此题答案应选C，句中if引导的不是条件状语从句(即if≠如果)，而是宾语从句(即if＝是否)，句意为“他很忙，我不知道明天他是否会来。”请看以下类似试题： (1) I don’t know if she _____, but if she ____ I will let you know. A. comes, comes B. will come, will come C. comes, will come D. will come, comes
答案选 D，第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句，第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。 (2) “When _____ he come?” “I don’t know, but when he _____, I’ll tell you.” A. does, comes B. will, will come C. does, will come D. will, comes
答案选 D，第一个 when 疑问副词，用于引出一个特殊疑问句；第二个 when是从属连词，用于引导时间状语从句。
(3) “When he _____ is not known yet.” “But when he ____, he will be warmly welcomed.” A. comes, comes B. will come, will come C. comes, will come D. will come, comes
答案选 D，第一个 when 引导的是主语从句，第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句。 8. The bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairing.
A. is dated from B. was dated from C. dates from D. dated from
【陷阱】此题容易误选B或D，认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为 date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选D。
【分析】其实此题的最佳答案应是C，因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今”(＝have existed since)，它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时态(尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间)。如：
The church dates from 1176. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。
The castle dates from the 14th century. 这座城堡是14世纪建的。 但若所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，则可用一般过去时。如：
The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。 注：与 date from 同义的 date back to 也有类似用法。
9. “You’ve left the light on.” “Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off.” A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone
C. I go D. I’m going 【陷阱】容易误选D。
【分析】A和D两者均可表示将来，填入空格处似乎都可以。但实际上只有A是最佳的，因为根据上下文的语境来看，“我去把灯关掉”这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的，而不是事先准备的。而按英语习惯：will 和 be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用 will。比较：
“I’ve come out without any money.” “Never mind, I will lend you some.” “我出来没带钱。”“没关系，我借给你。”(句中用will lend，表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应)
I’ve bought a typewriter and I’m going to learn to type. 我买了台打字机，我想学打字。(句中用 be going to learn to type，表示说话人要学打字是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机)
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. Look at that little boy wandering about — perhaps he _____ his mother. A. will lose B. is losing C. had lost D. has lost
2. It’s good that we _____ to the park because it’s started to rain. A. don’t go B. hadn’t gone C. didn’t go D. wasn’t going 3. I _____ for five minutes; why don’t they come? A. am calling B. called
C. was calling D. have been calling 4. You _____ your turn so you’ll have to wait.
A. will miss B. have missed C. are missing D. had missed
5. We _____ to move but are still considering where to go to. A. are deciding B. decided C. have decided D. had decided 6. I left my pen on the desk and now it’s gone; who _____ it? A. took B. has taken C. will take D. had taken
7. They won’t buy any new clothes because they _____ money to buy a new car. A. save B. were saving C. have saved D. are saving 8. I _____ your last point — could you say it again?
A. didn’t quite catch B. don’t quite catch C. hadn’t quite catch D. can’t quite catch
9. You’ll never guess who I met today — my old teacher! We _____ for 20 years. A. don’t meet B. haven’t met C. hadn’t met D. couldn’t meet 10. I feel sure I _____ her before somewhere.
A. was to meet B. have met C. had met D. would meet
11. They haven’t arrived yet but we _____ them at any moment. A. are expected B. have expected C. are expecting D. will expect
12. I think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre; I’m sure he _____ abroad all week.
A. is B. was
C. has been D. had been
13. The students _______ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _______ in the office.
A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
14. I tried to phone her, but even as I _____ she was leaving the building. A. phoned B. would phone C. had phoned D. was phoning
15. “I suppose you _____ that report yet?” “I finished it yesterday, as a matter of fact.”
A. didn’t finish B. haven’t finished C. hadn’t finished D. wasn’t finishing 16. —Didn’t the guard see him breaking into the bank? —No, he _______ in the other direction.
A. was looking B. had looked C. looked D. is looking
17. How can you possibly miss the news? It _______ on TV all day long. A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be
18. “I thought you might have got drunk.” “Yes, I ______.” A. almost have B. almost had C. almost did D. might have
19. You ______ television. Why not do something more active? A. always watch B. are always watching
C. have always watched D. have always been watching 20. “I took part in the TOEFL. It was really hard.” “Did you ______ a lot?” A. Have you studied B. Did you study C. Had you studied D. Do you study
21. “What’s your opinion on the matter, please?” “Oh, sorry, I _______.” A. wasn’t to listen B. haven’t listened C. wasn’t listening D. hadn’t listened
22. “Aha, you’re a chain smoker!” “Only at home. Nobody _______ that but you.” A. discovered B. had discovered C. discovers D. is discovering
23. The telephone _______ three times in the last hour, and each time it ________ for my father.
A. had rang; was B. has rung; was
C. rang; has been D. has been ringing; is
24. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who ______ him, but failed. A. has held B. had held C. was holding D. would hold
25. When I arrived at the company, the manager ______, so we had only time for a few words.
A. just went away B. had gone away C. was just going away D. has just gone away
26. “John took a photograph of you just now.” “Oh, really? I ______.” A. didn’t know B. wasn’t knowing C. don’t know D. haven’t known
27. “Mike is not coming to the football game this afternoon.” “It’s a shame! He _______!”
A. promises B. promised
C. will promise D. had promised 28. Please call again. Jim _______ a bath just now. A. has had B. was having C. is having D. has
29. “Was Andrew there when you arrived?” “Yes, but he ______ home soon afterwards.”
A. had gone B. has gone C. is going D. went
30. “Where is Mother.” “She is in the kitchen. She _______ the housework all morning.”
A. is doing B. was doing
C. has done D. has been doing
31. The books, ________ the dictionaries, must be put back where they ________. A. included; were B. to include; are C. including; were D. including; are
31. 选 C。第一空including不填 included，因为其后带有宾语；第二填 were，是因为它是指“原来放的地方”。 【答案与解析】
1. 选D。根据那个小男孩徘徊的现象，推知他可能是找不到妈妈了。用现在完成时表示结果。
2. 选C。句意为“好在我们（刚才）没有去公园，因为天（现在）已经开始下雨了”。 3. 选D。用现在完成进行时表示持续到现在的一段时间。
4. 选B，用现在完成时表示结果，即你已经错过了机会，其结果是：你只能等。 5. 选C。用现在完成时表示影响。
6. 选B。用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即现在笔不见了，是由于某人已经把它拿走了的结果。
7. 选D。用现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
8. 选A。从下文的语境看，既然现在叫对方重复一遍，说明“没听清对方的最后一点”应发生在过去（即说此话之前）。
9. 选B。用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间。
10. 选B。before 用作副词时不与具体时间连用，泛指“以前”，通常与一般过去时或现在完
成时连用。
11. 选C。用现在进行时表示目前的一种状态。
12. 选C。用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即他整个星期都在国外，所以你说你在剧院见过他，你一定是搞错了。
13. 选D。“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。 14. 选D。注意even as 的意思，它表示“正当……的时候”或“恰当……的时候”。
15. 选B。注意下文语境——事实上，我昨天就做完了。从该回答的语气上推测，填空处应填现在完成时态。
16. 选A。表示当时正在进行的动作。 17. 选A。表示目前一种持续的状态。 18. 选C。句中的 might have got drunk是对过去情况的推测，故答句所指的情况也应在过去，故选C。
19. 选B。always 与进行时态连用，可以表示高兴、满意、抱怨、厌恶等感情色彩。 20. 选C。根据took的时态可知，“参加托福考试”发生在过去；而对方问“是否努力学习过?”这肯定问的是参加考试以前的事，故用过去完成时。 21. 选C。“没听”肯定是刚才的事，所以应用过去时态。 22. 选C。答句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时态。
23. 选B。按英语语法，“in the last [past]+一段时间”通常与现在完成时连用。 24. 选C。用过去进行时表示当时在持续的一种状态。
25. 选C。由于下文说we had only time for a few words，说明“经理”正准备离开。 26. 选A。“不知道”是对方告诉自己之前的事，故用一般过去时。 27. 选B。根据语境，他“答应”发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
28. 选C。just now 有两个意思：一是表示“刚才”，此时just now 为习语；二是表示“现在”、“眼前”、“就在此时”，此时 just 意为“正好”、“恰好”，用以修饰副词now。根据句子语境，句中的 just now 应取上面的第二个意思。
29. 选D。Andrew“回家”发生在你见到他(发生在过去)之后不久。 30. 选 D。现在完成进行时表示从过去至今一
难点一：考查动词时态，不给明确的时间状语 技巧一：认真分析语境，所填的时态一般提前 技巧剖析：
1、前面如果是现在时，所填的选项大多是过去时、过去进行时和现在完成时。 2、前后是现在时，中间填的肯定是过去时或过去进行时。
3、前后是过去时，中间一定是过去完成时。所以叫所填时态提前。
概念：什么叫时态提前？时态按照时间顺序分为一般将来时，将来进行时，将来完成时，一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成进行时。所谓时态提前就是前面如果是一般现在时，后面就填过去时、过去进行时和现在完成时。如果前面是过去时，后面就填过去完成时。需要注意的是进行时主要看的是当时是否正在发生。是否用完成时可以参看这件事是动作还是状态。上面就是我们总结的原则。
高考单项填空题考查动词时态，往往题干句中无具体时间状语，考生需要对上下文语境进行分析，才能搞清楚所要考查的句子时态，高考试题对动词时态的考查常采用这种形式。 【例题】
1、Mr.wood kept looking at her，wondering whether he ______ her somewhere. A. saw B. has seen C. sees D.had seen
分析：本题整体句子的时态是过去时。Wondering是迷惑的意思，迷惑只能用在“事前发生”。因此是用过去完成时。选择D。本题符合时态提前，即前面说的“所填时态一般提前”前面是过去时，那么提前一个时间就是过去完成时。
2、-George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
No. I ______ . Did they have a big wedding?
A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite
分析：本题存在一个逻辑关系，收到邀请一定是在婚礼之前。从回答的意思来说是“不，我没有收到”的意思。因此“邀请”已经完成，故用过去完成时，选择C。本句子也符合“所填时态一般提前。”前后都是过去时，中间一定是过去完成时。 3、Edward, you play so well. But I you played the piano.
A. didn’t know B. hadn’t known C. don’t known D. haven’t known 分析：本题考查的意思是“我当时不知道你弹钢琴。”所以是过去时。按照我们“所填的时态一般提前”的原则，前面是现在时，后面用过去时。所以选A。
4、-Has Sam finished his homework today?
-I have no idea. He ______ it this morning?
A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done
分析：应用前面原则，前面是一般现在时，后面是过去时或过去进行时，所以从AC中选。本题意思是一直在做作业，有延续性，故选C。
现在说一下由when、while、as引导的时间状语从句的解题原则，很多学生不是特别明白句子的结构，什么时候用when，什么时候用while，什么时候用as。下面给出3个应用原则，只要是时间状语从句的考题，无论是考动词还是考引导词，就能轻而易举的掌握：
1、延续性动词+when+瞬间动词
2、瞬间动词+while+延续性动词【当while等同于but，不做时间状语例外，做转折用】
3、同类动词+as+同类动词
举个例子：我们在吃饭的时候有人敲门了。
We were having Supper when some one knocked at the door.
吃饭是延续性动词，敲门是瞬间动词。中间用when，如果换成考查while，句子应当是：
Some one knocked at the door while we were having Supper. 看例题：
5、-I hear jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. -Oh, how nice! Do you know when she _____ ? A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left
分析：本题是when引导的从句，后面用的是瞬间动词，那么就能直接把A、B、C排除。同时也符合时态提前（前面是一般现在时，后面用过去时）。
具体的例子就不多举了，要在同学们自己做题的过程中挖掘和应用。授人以鱼不如授人以渔，希望大家能够应用这套准则，达到100%的把时态题做对。接下来我们会陆续放出各种题型的解题原则，请大家关注。
1.动词时态与被动语态的注意事项
(1)某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定俗成的。
①It is the first /second.. . time + that从句。that从句一般用现在完成时,如果把前边的is改为was,则that从句用过去完成时
This is the first time I have come here. 这是我第一次来这里。
It was the third time(that)lie had the same mistake. 他可是第三次犯同样的错误了:
②Hardly had…done…when…和No sooner had…done... than…句型中,when和than从句里用一般过去时,表 示\"刚刚……就……\"
Hardly(No sooner)had I got home when(than)the rain poured down.我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。
③1t + be+一段时间++ before从句
这个句式分两种情况,意为\"长时间以后\即将来时,则从句用一般现在时表将来时,意为\"多长时间以后即将发生某事\";如果主句用过去时,从句也用过去时,意为\"多长时间后发生了某事\"。
It won't be long before lie succeeds. 他不久就会成功的。
It was ten years before they met again. 十年后他们又见面了: (2) \"get+过去分词\"可以表示被动
She got married last week.她上周结婚了。
The patient got treated once a week. 那位病人一周得到一次治疗。 He fell off the car and got killed.他从车上摔下来,死了。 (3)主动形式表被动意义
①表示状态的连系动词look,sound, feel, smell, taste , prove, appear+形容词/名词构成系表结构。
The apples look nice.这些苹果看上去挺好。 The cake tastes good.这蛋糕尝起来不错。
The plan proved practical.这项计划被证明是实用的。 ②表示开始、结束、运动的动词有close,stop,end,shut,run,move等
Work began at 7 o'clock this morning. 今天上午七点开始上班: The shop closes at 6 pm every day. 商店每天下午六点关门。
③表示主语的某种属性特征的动词有read, write, act, sell, wash, clean, wear, open , cook , lock , shut , dry , eat , drink等这类动词一般不单独使用,常有一个修饰语 This coat dries easily.这件外衣容易干。 Nylon cleans easily.尼龙容易清洗。
Food can keep fresh in a fridge.食物在冰箱里能保鲜。 Your speech reads well.你的演说讲得很好。 This material has worn thin.这个材料已经磨薄了。 The recorder won't play.这录音机不能运转。
begin, finish, start, open,
This knife cuts well.这把刀子很快::
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