高考英语主旨大意+泛读一轮练习(5)及答案

四川射洪县2018高考英语主旨大意+泛读一轮练习（5）及答案 【阅读理解----主旨大意】 (2017·安徽省合肥市第一次质检)

Many young people these days adore the advertised magazine body and become too focused on attaining this image instead of worrying more about what lasts and even grows over time. But could you imagine being considered beautiful for years, and suddenly being ugly after moving to another continent? It is a sad reality that people don't realize how __vacillating__ the idea of beauty can be from one country to another. Think of the most typical American girl you know. Is she blonde－haired with white skin and light blue eyes, and does she love shopping or sports? Now place this girl in the heart of Africa, where beauty is placed on what you can control. The Maasai tribe in Kenya focuses on how clean people are, and how stylish their piercings (穿孔) are. This tribe's culture is to be a brave fighter, so they will cut their skin with patterns in it to show that they are strong. If you don't look fierce, you are not beautiful.

Other countries like North Korea and South Korea have their own unique views on beauty. In an interview, a woman who has lived in both North Korea and South Korea claims that beauty in North Korea is based more on your ability to be a good woman and wife. She says that women in North Korea are less concerned about fashion and beauty in the physical sense. She says they did have a time when big eyes were a big deal and everyone wanted to get double eyelid surgery. This is something extreme and could perhaps be influenced by Western culture. But don't you think the idea of getting surgery done to look more attractive is crazy?

文章大意：本文主要介绍了不同群体的文化差异使得人们对美的观点不尽相同。 [段意梳理]

第一段：点明文章的主旨，通过介绍当今社会存在的一些现象，指出美会随着文化的不同而发生变化。

第二段：举例论述文章观点，介绍了美国人和肯尼亚人对美的不同观点。 第三段：对比韩国和朝鲜各自独特的对美的观点。

❶ What does the underlined word “vacillating” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？____A____ A．Inconsistent.B．Reasonable.

C．Unusual. D．Similar.

解析：考查词义猜测。根据第一段第二句“But could you imagine being considered beautiful for years，and suddenly being ugly after moving to another

continent”可知，许多年里，你都被认为是美丽的，当你搬到另一个大陆时突然会被认

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为是难看的。由此可知美会随着地点的不同发生变化，因此此处指人们没有意识到不同国家的人对美的观点是不一致的。inconsistent“不一致的”；reasonable“合理的”；unusual“不寻常的”；similar“相似的”。故选A。

❷ The Maasai tribe in Kenya is mentioned to show that in their eyes ____B____. A．getting dirty is stylish B．looking fierce is beautiful C．strong people cut their skin D．American girls love shopping

解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段的“If you don't look fierce，you are not beautiful”可知，肯尼亚的Maasai部落认为看起来凶猛就是美丽的。故选B。

❸ According to the woman interviewed, women in North Korea now ____C____. A．care a lot about their appearance B．put the beauty of eyes in the first place C．pay great attention to their ability D．are crazy about double eyelid surgery

解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段的“claims that beauty in North Korea is based more on your ability to be a good woman and

wife”可知，朝鲜的女性现在更加关注她们成为好女人和好妻子的能力。故选C。

❹ What does the text mainly tell us？____B____ A．Inner beauty is of great importance. B．Ideas of beauty vary among culture groups. C．Different ways are needed to admire true beauty. D．Fashion magazines easily influence young people.

解析：考查主旨大意。根据第一段的“It is a sad reality that people don't realize how vacillating the idea Ofbeauty can be from one country to

another”可知，不同国家的人对美的观点是不同的，即不同的文化群体对美的观点不尽相同。故选B。

（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。 体裁：说明文 话题：全球变暖 词数：350 时间：6′

The UN Environment Programme says that rising temperatures could mean the end for some migrating

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animals.

Migrating or mobile animals move through several environments as they travel away from the cold of winter to warmer areas.Birds may fly from one part of the world to another, perhaps stopping at feeding grounds on the way.Whales and turtles (海龟) cover vast areas of ocean.The report says that changes in any one of the places which these animals use can cause serious harm.“Obviously these animals have developed their travelling patterns over thousands of years.But climate change is almost certain to be extreme over the next 25 to 50 years and it is extremely unlikely that these animals can change their habits fast enough，” said the report author Dr Robert Hepworth.Hardest hit by rising temperatures are turtles.Scientists have found that at higher temperatures, turtles produce far more female eggs than male ones.In parts of Malaysia, turtle birthing sites are producing only females, the report says.It also provides evidence that some turtles are more likely to develop cancer as the waters get warmer.

With birds, the main problem is climate－related damage to important areas at either end of the travels or at resting places along the way.About one－fifth of migrating birds are now in danger because of climate－related changes including rising sea levels, land loss and more violent storms, the report concludes.

Other animals picked out as particularly in danger include：the North Atlantic Right Whale, whose main food (tiny shrimp) is disturbed by the change in ocean flows and the White－Nose Dolphin, which is out－competed by other kinds of dolphins in warmer waters.The report is not all bad news.Even with major climatic changes, protecting the environment can still help mobile animals to recover.“We need governments to start taking action at the national and international level.The clock is running.”， said Dr Hepworth.And some animals are already adapting, with the report mentioning whales that are changing their feeding behaviour, finding new feeding grounds and new foods to eat. 【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了全球变暖对迁徙动物的影响。 1．What is the main topic of the text?

A．The effect of climate change on migrating animals. B.How animals are adapting to changes in temperature. C．The actions required to save migrating animals.

D．The need for government policies to prevent global warming.

答案 A [主旨大意题。根据文章大意，本文主要讲述了温度上升对迁徙动物的影响，故选A。]

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2．By saying “the clock is running” in the last paragraph, Dr Hepworth means that “________”． A．it may be too late to save some animals B．it is time to start protecting the animals C．there is not much time to solve the problem D．it takes time to complete the actions

答案 C [短语猜测题。根据前文说的“we need governments to start taking actions at the national and international

level”可知作者认为政府应该采取行动解决这个问题，所以接下来这句话应该是进一步强调时间的紧迫性的，故选C。这里面要解决的根本问题是环境问题，不是保护动物的问题，故B项错误。] 3．According to the report, how will global warming affect turtles in the future? A．They will only produce female babies. B．Their food supply will gradually disappear. C．Some will suffer from higher rates of cancer.

D．They will be in greater danger because of more violent storms.

答案 C [细节理解题。根据文中第二段最后一句话“It also provides evidence that some turtles are more likely to develop cancer as the waters get

warmer.”可知水温升高导致海龟得癌症的可能性升高，故选C。文中只是说female egg会多于male egg，不是说只产female egg，故A项错误。]

4．Which of the following is mentioned as a consequence of rising temperatures? A．More storms will affect the ability of whales to find their feeding grounds. B．20 percent of all birds are likely to die out because of land loss.

C．Migrating animals are likely to start adapting to the changes more quickly. D．Warmer oceans will increase the competition between different kinds of dolphins. 答案 D [细节理解题。根据文中倒数第一段第一句话“the White－Nose dolphin which is out－competed by other kinds of dolphins in warmer

waters”可知，水温升高使海豚之间的竞争更加激烈，故选D。] 5．What can be inferred about turtles from the text?

A．They are the only animals besides humans that suffer from cancer. B．They have traditionally lived longer than other ocean－based animals.

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C．Those born nearer a hotter area are more likely to be female. D．Most kinds of turtles are likely to die out within 50 years. 答案 C

[推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句可知，高温使得海龟的雌性后代增加，由此可以判断在高温环境下出生的后代更可能是雌性的，故选C。]

（社会生活、说理议论）【2015·天津】D

Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.

Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.

Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize.

Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet（子弹） — and stopped him cold.”

Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.

So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.

高中英语专题

51. Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past? A. He faced huge risks. B. He lacked mighty forces. C. Fear prevented him from trying. D. Failure blocked his way to success.

52.What is the implied meaning of the underlined part? A. Swallow more than you can digest. B. Act slightly above your abilities. C. Develop more mysterious powers. D. Learn to make creative decisions.

53. What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game? A. His physical strength. C. His real fear.

B. His basic skill.

D. His spiritual force.

54. What can be learned from Paragraph 5? A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults. B. Trying without success is meaningless. C. Repeated failure creates a better life. D. Boldness can be gained little by little.

55. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To encourage people to be courageous. B. To advise people to build up physical power. C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success. D. To recommend people to develop more abilities.

54. D 段落大意题。根据第五段首句Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight.可以知道大胆是一点点获得的。故选D。

55. A 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知作者联系自己的经历说明了大胆的重要性，并鼓励人们有勇气和胆量。故选A。

【考点定位】议论类短文阅读

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

President Coolidge's statement,“The business of America is business,”still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?

One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.

Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly(垄断) of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers' dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves. A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom.

Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的) idea of inherited privilege(待遇).

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16. The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “ _______”. A. The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce B. Business problems are of great importance to the American government C. Business is of primary concern to Americans D. America is a great power in world business

17. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only _______.

A. when given equality of opportunity C. by protecting their individual freedom B. through doing business D. by way of competition 18. Who can benefit from business competition? A. Honest businessmen. B. Both businessmen and their customers. C. People with ideas of equality and freedom. D. Both business institutions and government.

19. Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by________.

A. its absolute control of power

B. its function in preserving personal freedom C. its role in protecting basic American values D. its democratic way of exercising leadership

20. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes ________. A. Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries B. in many countries success often depends on one's social status C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries D. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America 【参考答案】16—20、CDBAB

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