what 的用法浅析

山东省临朐第二中学 曾召友

在中学英语中，what是个经常用到但却不容易被掌握的单词，近几年的高考英语中考查或涉及 what 一词用法的试题频频出现，现将其常见用法归纳如下。 一 . what 充当疑问代词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。例如： 1) What's the best way to get there? （主语） 怎样去那儿最好？

2) What was she like? （宾语）她是什么样子？ 3) Who are you? What are you? （表语） 你是谁？你是干什么的？

4) What colour are your curtains? （定语） 你的窗帘是什么颜色的？

注意：what和which同样可放在名词前作定语来提问，但两者有区别。选择有范围的，一般用which，当选择无范围时，常用what提问。如：

1）Which dictionary do you like，the Chinese-English one or the English-Chinese one？ 你喜欢哪一本词典—汉英还是英汉？

2）What dictionary do you like？你喜欢什么样的词典？

二 . what 用作关系代词，相当于 the thing (s) that / which ，引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等， what 在从句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如：

1) Well, Mike, what is over is over. （引导主语从句，在从句中作主语） 迈克，过去的事就过去了。

2) What she saw （ = The thing she saw ） gave her a fright. （引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语）

她看到的情况吓了她一跳。

3) Your mother's health is not what it ought to be. （引导表语从句，在从句中作表语） 你母亲的健康状况不理想。

另外， what 还可引导从句作插入语。例如：

He went to the meeting and, what was worse, insisted on speaking. 他去参加了会议，更糟糕的是，还坚持要发言。 三 . what 引导感叹句。例如： 1) What a fine day it is! 今天天气多好呀！

2) What nonsense you talk! 你说什么糊涂话！

感叹句的主语、谓语有时可省略。例如： Oh, What a beautiful picture! 噢，多漂亮的一幅画！

四 . what用作连词可译为“恰好”、“好像”、“犹如”、“好比”。常用结构A is to B what C is to D。

1）Air is to us what water is to fish. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水一样。 2）Six is to eight what three is to four. 6 : 8等于3 : 4。 五 . what 用于固定结构中。 1. What about ……怎么样？

What about going out for a walk? 出去散步怎么样？

2. What if 要是……怎么办？即使……又有什么关系? 1）What if the weather is really bad? 要是天气真的不好怎么办？ 2）What if he gets angry? 即使他生气又有什么关系？

3. what … look like （ is … like ）……是什么样子

1）— What does UFO look like? 不明飞行物看起来像什么样的东西？ 2）— What's his mother like? 他母亲是个什么样的人？ — Oh, she's quite nice. 噢，她非常和蔼。

4. What's more更重要的是；而且

It's a useful book, and, what is more, not an expensive one. 这是一本有用的书，而且价钱也不贵。

We invited a new speaker and, what's more, he was happy to come. 我们邀请了一位新的演讲者，而且，他很乐意来。 5. What … for 为何？；为什么？ 1）What did you do that for? 你这样做干什么？

2）— I'm going to Shanghai. 我要去上海。 — What for? 去干什么？

6. So what? What of it? 那又怎么样呢？ —I don’t like you. 我不喜欢你？ —So what？那又怎么样呢？

7. What with…因为，由于；考虑到（用于引导各种原因）

What with the high prices, and what with the badness of the times, we find it hard to get along. 部分因为物价高涨，部分因为时机不好，生活真是愈来愈难过了。 8. what little 仅有的一点点

What little he said was full of wisdom. 他为数不多的话语中处处透着智慧。 9. What it takes 取得成功的必要条件（如才智、金钱、美貌等）

Perseverance is a person’s good quality. That’s what it takes to accomplish a task very well. 坚忍不拔是一个人的优良品质，那是出色完成一项任务必须具备的。 10. What’s what 什么事有用，重要等

She certainly knows what’s what. 她可知道都是怎么回事。 11. What? （没听见或没听懂时说）什么？；（听到对方的话并问对方）什么事？要什么？；（惊讶或愤怒时）什么，竟有这种事

1）What？I can’t hear you. 什么？我听不见你说话。 2）—Mummy！妈妈！ —What？什么事？

—I am hungry. 我饿了。

高考链接

1. (2000)-- Waiter! -- -- I can't eat this．It's too salty．

A．Yes, sir? B．What? C．All right? D．Pardon? 2.（2004辽宁） — I didn’t hear you clearly . It’s too noisy here. —I was saying that the party was great .

A．Repeat. B．Once again.

C．Sorry?

D．So what?

3.(2004全国)— Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer? — _______?

A. What for B. What is it C. How is it D. How come

4. (2005山东)—Let’s go to a movie after work，OK? —________

A. Not at all. B. Why not? C. Never mind. D. What of it?

5. (2005浙江)Maggie has been fortunate to find a job she loves and，________，she gets well paid for it.

A. sooner or later B. what’s more C. as a result D. more or less

6.(2005重庆)—My family usually goes skating for vacation. I like skating，but I want to try something different this year. —________

A. Let’s go. B. Cheer up. C. Like what? D. Take care. 7. (2006广东)-- Andrew won't like it, you know. -- ? I don't care what Andrew thinks!

A. So what B. So where C. So why D. So how 8. (2006年江西)—Michael was late for Mr. Smith's oral class this morning. — ? As far as I know, he never came late to class． A. How come B. So what C. Why not D. What for 9. (2006山东) Engines are to machines ____ hearts are to animals. A. as B. that C. what D. which

10.(2007上海)The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle._______ it was!

A. What a dangerous scene B. What dangerous a scene C. How a dangerous scene D. How dangerous the scene 11. （2008上海春季）______ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled

A. What B. Which C. Whether D. That

12.（2008山东）_____ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.

A. It B. This C. What D. As 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5.B 6.C 7. A 8. A 9.C 10. A 11. A 12. C