Unit Seven Education and employment Passage one
1.Fourteen years of higher education and a handful of Ivy League degrees, and there I was, stiff and stupid, struck dumb by my own dumbness. “Ivy retardation, ”a friend of mine calls this.
1.我十四年的大学教育和在几所常春藤大学工作的经历使得我傻乎乎站在那边，蠢笨不看，难堪不已。有个朋友称这类现象为“常春藤错位”。
2. To consider that while some opportunities are being created, others are being canceled and that while some abilities are being developed, others are being crippled is, within this context, not only outrageous, but inconceivable.
2.可是再这个背景下，假如认为它创建了一些时机，却丧失了其余时机，培育了有些能力，却其消弱了其余能力，不单是犯上作乱的并且是不行思议的。
3. There is nothing wrong with taking pride in one ’ s intellect or knowledge. There is something wrong with the smugness and self-congratulation that elite schools connive at.
3.对自己的智慧或许不过感觉骄傲没有任何不对的地方， 问题出此刻名牌大学录取通知书进入家门的时辰起，是名牌大学所纵容的洋洋得意和自我吹嘘。 4.Not the most abject academic failure,
not the most heinous act of
plagiarism, not even
threatening a fellow student with bodily harm — I ’ ve heard of all three — will get you expelled. 4.不论是最无望的课程不及格，仍是最可恶的剽窃恶行，甚至对其余同学的身体伤害的威迫 等都不会被开除，这三种状况我都听闻过。
5.Long before they got to college, they turned themselves into world-class hoop-jumpers and teacher-pleasers, getting A ’ s in every class no matter how boring they found the teacher or how pointless the subject, racking up eight or ten extracurricular activities no matter what else they wanted to do with their time.
5.在他们进入大学以前好久就已经把自己变为世界一流的俯首帖耳，讨好老师的小爬虫，在 每门课上都得优异成绩， 不论他们感觉这个老师多么无聊，
不论他感觉这门课多么没存心义。
他们也全力累积八到十个课外活动，不论多么想用这些时间做其余事情。 Passage two
1.Certainly many neurotic boomer parents-and their stressed-out ,resume-building teenagers— assume that it is always better to choose Harvard over Big State U. because of Harvard ’ s presumably superior educational environment, better alumni connections, and more lucrative on-campus recruiting opportunities.
关于那些在生育顶峰期出生， 已为人父亲母亲的人和他们忧虑不安，
整天忙于增添经历， 以使简
历内容更为丰富的十几岁的孩子来说， 选择哈佛大学自然比要点州立大学更好。 由于哈佛可能会有优胜的教育环境，更好的校友圈子，以及更为诱人的校园招聘时机。
2.It ’ s true that big law firms, major teaching hospitals, and investment banks — heck, even the offices of FORTUNE — are stuffed with Ivy Leaguers. It ’ s also true that if you want a career at what passes for the American establishment — Sullivan&Cromwell, McKinsey, Goldman Sachs — a gilt-edged diploma is a distinct advantage.
事实上，大型法律公司， 主要示教医院和投资银行，甚至是财产杂志的办公室，尽是常春藤 学生。 这也是事实， 假如你想在被当成美国经济基石的公司谋得一份职业，
如苏利文＊克伦
威尔律师事务所，麦肯锡，高盛等，那么一份镶金的学位证书无疑是一个独到的优势。
3.The advantages of Harvard, in other words, confer few benefits on the class slacker. Robert Zemsky. An education professor at the University of Pennsylvania, who believes a prestigious
undergraduate degree does pay off, puts it this way: “ It ’s like the brass ring on a merry-go-round. If you go to a high-prices, highly selective school, you have a better shot at the brass ring.
But you have to grab it. ”
换句话说，哈佛的优势在于不会给偷懒者带来太多的利处。宾夕法尼亚大学的教育学教授 Robert Zemsky 认为读闻名的大学是划算的，他这样说：“这就好似是旋转木立刻的铜环。
假如你选择一个昂贵的高选性的学校， 你就有更好的时机能够击中铜环。 可是你一定得抓住它。” 4.So listen up, high school seniors: Your life is not over if you end up at the University of Oklahoma. In fact, if you want to be governor of Oklahoma when you grow up, you ’ re probably better off graduating a sooner.
请高校的高年级学生注意听好了： 假如你不过不过毕业于俄克拉马荷马州立大学你的人生并无完蛋。而事实上，假如你想长大后成为俄克拉荷马州的州长，你还可以近水楼台先得月。 5.Most studies use future income, the favorite yardstick of those dead souls called economists. But knowing the cost-benefit ratio of a purchase is not the same as knowing it value. 好多研究运用未来收入， 由于这是那些被称为经济学家的老家伙们最喜爱的计算标准。 知道一件所购之物的成本效益率其实不等于知道了它的价值。
可是，
Unit Eight Travel Passage one
1. As darkness fell on the olive trees and the grazing deer, I slipped into the jacuzzi in my tree house and listened to the Pacific breakers roll in.
当夜幕落在橄榄树和吃草的鹿上，我滑进我树屋中的浴缸，听着太平洋的波浪滔滔的声音。 2. Kaikoura is not a name that trips off the tongue when you list those lucky places that offer encounters with nature and a touch of luxury.
与那些让游人接触到大自然和获取豪侈享受的有名景点对比， 凯库拉其实不是人民耳熟能详的名字
3. There’ s a shock of cold water and a heave of ocean swell, even though we ’ re within sight of
the mountains ,not half a mile from the shore.
只管我们的视野还可以看到山脉， 离海岸不超出半英里， 却感觉一股冰凉的水袭和湍急的海涌。 4. Today, the hunt is for thrills not kills. 今日，追踪鲸鱼不过为了刺激而不是杀戮。
5. It ’s a view that the modern world is starting to share .And here in Kaikoura, you can experience
it for real.
这一点在世界渐达共鸣。在卡库拉，你能够真真实切领会到它。 Passage two
1.It often puts a strain on water resources and it can force local populations to compete for the use of critical resources.
1.它常常造成的水资源紧张的场面，迫使当地居民为了抢夺紧缺资源。
2.Because of the hot climate and the tendency of tourists to consume more water when on holiday than they do at home, the amount used can run up to 440 liters a day.
2.由于酷热的天气和愈来愈多旅行者的趋向， 比起平常待在家里， 水耗费在假期会变得更多，总使用量高达 440 公升 /天。
3.In areas with high concentrations of tourist and appealing natural attractions, waste disposal is a
serious problem and improper disposal can be a major despoiler of the natural environment - rivers, scenic areas and roadsides.
3.在游客活动集中地域和颇具人气的自然景点，废物处理是一个严重的问题，不适合的垃圾 处理会威迫到自然环境——河流，景色区和路边。
4.Often tourism fails to integrate its structures with the natural features and indigenous architecture of the destination.
4.往常旅行业都没法将其构造和当地的自然特色与原始建筑风格相联合。
5.It can also cause the loss of biodiversity when land and resources are strained by excessive use and when impacts on vegetation, wildlife, mountain, marine and coastal environment and water resources exceed the carrying capacity.
5.当土地和资源被过分利用时，植物、野生动物、山川、海产和沿海环境以及水资源超出其承载能力时，也会致使生物的多样性的流失。
Unit nine Beauty and Fashion Passage one
1. On any day, the average US consumer is exposed to constant messages about beauty and appearance.
1.每天，美国花费者广泛都会接触到络绎不绝的相关漂亮和美貌的信息。
2. Cosmetic interventions are about normalizing-thatis, striving to achieve the current cultural norms of appearance.
2.化妆是一个标准化的问题，即全力实现目前大家都认可的相貌标准。
3. The more devoted society becomes to physical looks, the more difficult it is for regular people who may feel that they do not measure up.
3.社会越多的关注外在样貌，一般人越会感觉到难以切合标准。
4. The organization encourages patients to become educated about their options 4.这个组织鼓舞患者对自己的选摘要有所认识和认识。
5. So, too, does the amount of time and money we spend on what is ultimately a futile goal: changing time.
5.相同，我们在这样一个终究是毫无心义的目标上耗资的时间和金钱也是这样：不过为了欺诈光阴。
Passage two
1. The government ’ s sudden decision to ask for a halt to breast-enlargement operations because they might be unsafe has terrified 2million women who have had them. 政府忽然决定要停止实行隆胸手术
,原因是这类手术可能不够安全，这一决定使得
200 万接
触过这一手术的妇女感觉惊慌。
2. Until recently the most remarkable thing about cosmetic surgery in America, was how
unremarkable it was. 在美国美容业目前最惹人注视的事是它过去多么为人们所忽略。 3. New rules may discipline the industry, but they are unlikely to stop it growing unless the American obsession with physical beauty sours.
新的规定可能会对这行业有所拘束， 但不大可能阻挡它的发展， 除非美国人不再那么沉迷于体形美。
4. When pushed to defend their trade, cosmetic surgeons argue that “ vanity surgery ” is often just an extension of reconstructive surgery.
迫于舆论压力，整容医生也不得不为自己的行业辩白，他们争论论，被称为“美容外科”的整容手术常常只可是是再造外科手术的一种连续而已。
5. Critics say this is surrendering their identities to the white stereotypes that appear on the media. Surgeons say the point is more subtle: minorities want to de-emphasise rather than eradicate their looks.
议论家指出， 这是放弃他们自己的特色， 而趋附于宣传媒体中出现的那种白人的形象， 整容医生说事情还有更为奇妙之处， 其实少量民族只想不突出他们的表面， 而并不是要消除他们的面貌特色。
Unit Ten Environmental Engineering Passage one
1.“ The spill is an insidious enemy. ” said Coast Guard Admiral Thad W.Allen, “ This is a long campaign, and we’ re going to be dealing with this for the foreseeable future ” .
1.美国海岸警卫队司令泰德·艾伦说：‘漏油是一个阴险狡猾的仇敌，这将是一场长久战，为了不远的未来，我们自然会倾尽全力’。
2. Even when the company did something right, it couldn ’ t do it right. 2.即使公司采纳了正确的举措也于事无补了。
3. President Barack Obama-criticized for being too cool in a crisis-has begun to reflect America ’s rage.
3.在墨西哥湾漏油事故发生后，向来置身事外而饱受诟病的奥巴马总统，开始回应国人的愤 怒。
4. And all of us bear responsibility too for depending on and demanding cheap oil underwritten by risky drilling while showing again and angina at the ballot box that we wouldn ’ t support a government that really regulated the industry.
4.我们也罪有应得，由于我们过分依靠和需求由高风险钻进开采的低价石油，同时，在选票选举中我们也一次次的反对真实能够规范这个行业的政府行为。
5.As difficult as cleaning the oil over the next several months will be, mopping up the bureaucratic slopthat led to the Gulf spill will be far tougher. 5.接下来的几个月清理油污会很困难， 寸步难行。 Passage two
1 If conservationists hope to save even the wild lands and wild creatures, they are going to have to address issues of economy, which is to say issues of the health of the landscapes and the towns and cities where we do our work, and the quality of that work, and the well-being of the people who do the work.
1.假如生态环境保护者们希望能拯救的即即是荒地和野生动物， 他们也将不得不解决经济方面的问题， 也就是指地域风采和我们工作的城镇、 城市的健康问题， 以及这项工作的质量和做这项工作的人们的福祉。
2 We know that soil erosion, air and water pollution, urban sprawl, the proliferation of highways and garbage are making our lives always less pleasant, less healthful, less sustainable, and our dwelling places more ugly.
2.我们知道我们正在自己的丛林里滥砍滥伐；我们知道水土流失、空气及水源污染，城市蔓 生，以及公路和垃圾暴增，常常使自己的生活更为不如意，不健康，不行忍耐，住处更为丑
而清除致使海湾地域石油泄露时间的官僚政治腐败更
陋不堪。
3 Such damage is justified by its corporate perpetrators and their political abettors in the name of the “ free market ” and “ free enterprise”, but this is a freedom that makes greed the dominant economic virtue, and it destroys the freedom of other people along with their communities and livelihoods.
3.这类伤害是其公司闯事者及政治挑拨者们以“自由市场”和“自由公司”的名义得以辩白
的。可是这类自由是以贪心为主导的经济美德。 它会损坏别人的自由， 以及他们的社区和生活。
4 As a result, our once-beautiful and bountiful countryside has long been a colony of the coal, timber, and agribusiness corporations, yielding an immense wealth of energy and raw materials at an
immense cost to our land and our land ’ s people.
4.其结果就是，我们以前漂亮而丰饶的农村长久以来都是作为煤炭，木材。农业家产的殖民地，以我们的土地及其子民的巨大牺牲来换取能源和原资料的巨额财产。
5 Furthermore, to permit the smaller enterprises always to be ruined by false advantages, either at home or in the global economy, is ultimately to destroy local, regional, and even national capabilities
of producing vital supplies such as food and textiles.
5.其余，不论在国内仍是全世界经济范围内，让小型公司在这些人为的优势之下破产，最后将会损坏地方，地区甚至国家生产重要供给品的能力，比方食品和纺织品。
Unit Eleven Health Passage one
1. Until recently,the growing awareness that government were, living a lie over life expectancy was largely confined to a small crile of specialist demographers.
1.直到近来，愈来愈多人认识到政府不理智的认为寿命仅限于一小部分人口学家关怀。 2. We have to strongly consider that current frcecasts of the elderty are actually too low. Not only will the numbers be greater, but there will be more at the older end of the scale. 2.我们激烈地认为目前对老年人寿命的展望太低了。不单老年人的寿命会更长，并且还会有更多半量的老年人。
3.Reductions in mortality should not be seen as a disconnected sequence of unrepeatable revolutions but rather as a regular stream of continuing progress.
3.死亡率的减少不该当视为不行重复改革的中断结局，而是一个惯例的连续过程。
4 The ignominius saga of life expectacy maxima is more than an exquisite case for historians intrigued by the foibles of science;continuing belief in imminent limis is distoring public and private dcision making
4.相关最高寿命的羞耻传说关于历史学家来说不不过是科学缺点的一个雅致事例， 邻近界线也会歪曲民众和个人的决议。
5. The paper accuses colleagues of using“empirical misconceptions and specious theories\" to reassure policymakers.
5.该文章指控同行用“经验误会和貌同实异的理论”宽慰决议者。
1. The main reasons for this trend are the dramatic advances in medical diagnosis and
treatment as well as the changing American lifestyle, with its new emphasis on healthier diets and regular exercise and its declining dependence on tobacco.
1.这类趋向主要归因于医疗的巨大进步和向来都在改变的美国人的生活方式，
连续相信
重申健康饮食，常常锻炼以及渐渐减少吸烟。
2. Every country with reliable health statistics reports that women live longer than men;the observation is at least as old as health statistic themselves,because women outlived men by nearly three years when such data were first recorded in Europe more than 200 years ago. 2.这类性别差异不不过限于美国。 断起码和健康统计自己相同长远， 男性长寿快要 3 年。
各国靠谱的健康统计报告都显示女性比男性活得长
;这个论
由于 200 多年前在欧洲记录的最早统计数据就显示女性比
3. The importance of fetal hormones in determining sex characeristics is obvioas, but their role
in influencing longevity is far from clear.
3.胚胎激素在确立性别特色方面的重要性是不言而喻的， 清楚。
4.The differences in estrogen and testosterone levels between men and women is the simplest way to account for the gender gap, athough it does not fully explain the variancs in life expectancies. 4.男女不一样的雌激素和雄激素水平是解说性别差异的最简单的方法， 只管它不可以完整解说寿命的差异。
5.A walk down the health aisle of your local bookstore tells the tale: books on women's health greatly outnumber books on men's health, because publishers respond to consumer demand. 5.你只需去当地书店的健康栏看看就会发现 由于第一版商是逢迎顾客需求的。
:相关女性健康的的书本远远比男性健康书本多，
但它们在影响寿命方面的作用还不
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