篇章词汇文章长度大约为__________词，主要测试考生对篇章语境中词汇的理解和运用能力，要求考生阅读一篇删去若干个(一般为____个)词汇的短文，然后从所给的选项(一般为_____个)中选择适当的词汇填充，使短文 。篇章词汇重点考查的词性是________________________四大实词，而一般不会涉及介词、冠词等不具有实际意义的虚词。要学会利用空格前后的___________________________等线索，推测所填词可能的形式和含义。
词汇篇章比较注重词汇在文章中的实际运用，它侧重考察考生对连贯性、一致性、逻辑关系等语篇、语段整体特征的理解以及在实际语境中对单词含义的把握，因此考生要时刻记住不能孤立地看待每一个空格，要注意联系上下文进行综合分析，利用空格前后的线索来解题。
一、利用语法结构
分析空格所在的语法结构，明确所填词在句中充当的_____分，从而判断出所填词的______，缩小选择范围。 [例](09-6-47)
Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47 it.
[D] enhance [G]hinder [M]require [O]urge
二、利用逻辑关系
解答篇章词汇，不能只考虑句子_____上的通顺，还要考虑上下文_____上的通顺，因此，把握上下文的____________________等逻辑关系，将有助于理解上下文意思，从而推测出所填词可能的含义。 [例](09-6-48)
They never write, unless assignments 47 it. They find the writing process 48 and difficult. [A]closer [B]daily [C]emotional [E]enormous [I]painful [N]sensitive
三、利用复现关系
复现包括____复现、____复现、____词复现、____词复现以及______复现，在行文过程中，这种复现现象经常出现，某一个空格对应的答案很可能在上下文中存在与其对应的指代词、同义词、近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词，甚至是原词。在解题时，要注意结合语境寻找这些词语之间的联系。 [例](09-6-51)
When I meet students who think they can’t write, I know as a teacher my 51 is to show them the rest of the rooms. My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity …
[B]daily [H]mission [J]performance [K]profession [O]urge
四、利用共现关系
共现主要是指语义场共现，即__________________________________________。一篇文章中，每一个空格都不是孤立的，它很可能与上下文中的一些词汇属于同一个语义场，及描述同一个话题。 [例](08-12-53)
篇章词汇—利用空前空后做题(提纲&练习)1 / 4
… the readers often find that the 53 in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.
[B]characters [F]desire [G]diversity [L]personnel [N]respect
五、利用搭配关系
运用空格处与前后词语的搭配关系往往可以排除一些明显不符合搭配关系的选项，缩小选择范围，提高答题的准确率。考虑词语的搭配关系时，不仅要考虑结构上的搭配，还要考虑语义上的搭配。 [例](09-6-56)
Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step 56 to fluency, eloquence(雄辩), and command of language.
[A]closer [B]daily [C]emotional [E]enormous [I]painful [N]sensitive
[练习] Passage 1 Personality is to large extent inherent. A-type parents usually bring A-type 1 . But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very 2 , a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the “win at all costs” moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The 3 passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their type B fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!” By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat 4 , but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is 5 harmful. Obviously, it is neither practical nor 6 that all A youngsters change into B’s. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child’s personality to hide possible future employment. It is top management.
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was 7 , more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as 8 and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors 9 from A type stock. B’s are important and should be 10 . [A]encouraged [B]education [C]positively [D]questionable [E]disadvantageous [F]lessened [G]exclusively [H]increased [I]sensitivity [J]specialty [K]offspring [L]nature [M]desirable [N]current [O]possible
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名词 动词 形容词 副词 Passage 2 About one in twenty adults in the United States cannot read English. A new federal study shows that adults made little progress in their reading skills between 1992 and 2003. The National Assessment of Adult Literacy is the most important test of how well adult Americans can read. Researchers 1 19,000 people over the age of sixteen. The study represents an adult population of 222 million. Those who took part were tested on how well they could read and understand information used in everyday life.
Researchers say part of the problem is that many young Americans do not read as much for pleasure anymore. Also, there are greater numbers of non-English speaking 2 . Reading skills can 3 affect the ability to earn a living. The best readers were found to earn up to 28,000 dollars a year more than those who 4 simple reading skills.
Yet, compared to the 5 study in 1992, adult reading skills were about the same or lower across every level of education. This was true even among people who have completed college. By race and 6 group, blacks and Asians had the biggest increases in English reading skills. But levels 7 among Hispanics(西班牙裔). Experts say, however, that while many Hispanics are 8 to read in English, they may read well in Spanish. Overall, American adults improved the most in answering questions that involved 9 . Even so, the test found that the average adult cannot do much more than perform simple, everyday math. The Department of Education says the literacy 10 show the need for reforms especially at the high school level.
[A]immigrants [B]previous [C]numbers [D]letters [E]tested [F]decreased [G]emigrants [H]latest [I]findings [J]ethnic [K]directly [L]heightened [M]unable [N]surely [O]lacked Passage 3 Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people 1 believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal 2 taken by drug addicts. They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more 3 term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as 4 misused as heroin and cocaine.
We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be 5 , coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce 6 effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the 7 effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is 8 . Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are
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名词 动词 形容词 副词 known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens(致幻剂). Stimulants initially speed up or 9 the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations(幻觉). These are the substances often called psychedelic(迷幻药) (from the Greek word meaning “mind-manifestation) because they seemed to radically 10 one's state of consciousness. [A]destroy [B]harmfully [C]mistakenly [D]certainly [E]sociable [F]alter [G]chemical [H]stimulus [I]negative [J]activate [K]neutral [L]desired [M]popular [N]discontinued [O]disappeared
名词 动词 形容词 副词 篇章词汇—利用空前空后做题(提纲&练习)4 / 4
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