Unit 4
Section One Tactics for Listening
Part 1 Phonetics-Stress, Intonation and Accent
1 . A: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the secretary's office is please? B: Yes. It's up the stairs, then turn left, ... ↗
2. A: Excuse me. Can you tell me where the toilets are? B: Yes, they're at the top of the stairs.↘ 3. A: What did you do after work yesterday?
B: Ah, well, I went for a drink in the pub opposite the car-park. ↘ 4. A: What did you do after work yesterday? B: Oh, I ran into Jane and Tom ..... ↗
5. A: Excuse me, can you tell me how the machine works?
B: Certainly. Erm, first of all you adjust the height of the stool, and then put four
10 pence pieces there, ...↗
6．A：Excuse me, can you tell me how the machine works?
B：Yes. You put 30 pence in the slot and take the ticket out here. ↘ Exercise: Has finished Hasn’t finished √ 1 √ 2 √ 3 √ 4 √ 5 √ 6 Part2listening and Note-taking Frog legs People want frogs mostly for food. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries -- or at least until they have run out of frogs. But the most famous frog-eaters, and the people who inspired frog-eating in Europe and the United States are the French. By 1977 the French government, so concerned about the scarcity of its native frog, banned commercial hunting of its own amphibians. So the French turned to India and Bangladesh for frogs.
As happened in France, American frog-leg fanciers and restaurants also turned increasingly to frozen imports. According to figures collected from government agencies, the United States imported more than 6.5 million pounds of frozen frog meat each year between 1981 and 1984.
So many frozen frog legs were exported from India to Europe and the United States. One of the attractions of Indian frogs, apart from the fact that they have bigger legs than French frogs, was the price. In London, a pound of frozen frog's legs from India cost about ￡1.75, compared with ￡3.75 for the French variety.
since the India and Bangladesh frog-export bans, Indonesia has become the
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major exporter of frog legs to the United States and Europe. But no matter what country the legs come from, one thing is usually constant: The legs once belonged to frogs are taken from the wild, not from farms. Frogs are nearly impossible to farm economically in the countries where frogs are commercially harvested from the wild. Exercise A:
1. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries.
2. By 1977 the French government banned commercial hunting of its own amphibians. 3. Indian scientists have described as \"disastrous\" the rate at which frogs are disappearing from the rice fields and wetlands.
4. The United States imported more than 6.5 million pounds of frozen frog meat each year between 1981 and 1984. 5. One of the attractions of Indian frogs was the price. Exercise B:
Frog legs
People want frogs mostly for food. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries, The most famous frog-eaters, and the people who inspired frog-eating in Europe and the United States are the French. By 1977 the French government banned commercial hunting of its own amphibians. So the French turned to India and Bangladesh for flogs. And the United States imported more than 6.5 million pounds of frozen frog meat each year between 1981 and 1984. One of the attractions of Indian frogs was the price. Indian scientists have described as \"disastrous\" the rate at which frogs are disappearing from the rice fields and wetlands, where they protect crops by devouring damaging insects. Since the India and Bangladesh frog-export bans, Indonesia has become the major exporter of frog legs to the United States and Europe. But no matter what country the legs come from, one thing is usually constant: The legs once belonged to frogs are taken from the wild. not from farms. Section Two Listening Comprehension
Part 1 Dialogues
Dialogue 1 Health Club
Interviewer: Lorna, you and your husband opened this health club here last summer.
Can you tell me something about the club?
Lama: Yes, well we offer a choice of facilities -- gym, sunbed*, sauna* and Jacuzzi* -- that's also from Scandinavia -- as well as our regular fitness classes, that is. And there's a wholefood bar for refreshments
afterwards
Interviewer: And does it cost a lot? I mean, most people think health clubs are really expensive.
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Lama: Actually our rates are really quite competitive. Since we only started last July, we' ve kept them down to attract customers. It's only ￡30 a year to join. Then an hour in the gym costs ￡2.50 -- the same as half an hour on the sunbed. Sauna and Jacuzzi are both ~1.50 for half an hour.
Interviewer: And is the club doing well?
Lama: Well, so far, yes, it's doing really well. I had no idea it was going to be
such a success, actually. We're both very pleased. The sunbed's so popular, especially with the over 65s, that we're getting another one in August.
Interviewer: What kind of people join the club?
Lama: We have people of all ages here, from small children to old-age
pensioners, though of course the majority, about three-quarters of our members, are in their 20s and 30s. They come in their lunch hour, to use the gym, mostly, or after work, while the Youngsters come when school finishes, around half past three or four. The Jacuzzi's very popular with the little ones.
Interviewer: What about the old-age pensioners?
Loma: They're usually around in the mornings, when we offer them special
reduced rates for the Jacuzzi or sauna, plus sunbed, it's only ￡2, which is half price, actually. It doesn't affect our profits really -- only about 5% of our members are retired.
Exercise: Facilities Gym 2. ￡2,50 for an hour Sunbed 3. ￡2.50 for half an hour 1. Sauna 4. ￡1.50 for half an hour Jacuzzi (极可意漩水浴缸) 5. ￡1.50 for half an hour Other facilities: Wholefood bar Membership Fee: 6.￡30 a year people who join me healul club Age group Proportion Facilities they use 7. Young people in 8.75% gym their or after 20s and 30s Youngsters Children Jacuzzi Old age pensioners 5% Special offer; 10 .reduced rate for old pensioners Usual visiting time Lunch hour or after work After school 9. morning
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Dialogue 2 skiinq
Simon: This one shows the view from the top of the mountain. Sally: Oh, it's lovely!
Teresa: That's me with the red bobble hat. Sally: Is it?
Teresa: Yet, it looks kind of silly, doesn't it? Sally: Yes, it does rather.
Teresa: Oh, don't worry. I know it looks ridiculous. Simon: Look. That's our instructor, Werner. Teresa: Yeah, we were in the beginners' class. Sally: Well, everyone has to start somewhere. Simon: Ah, now, this is a good one. Sally: What on earth is that? Simon: Can't you guess?
Sally: Well, it looks like a pile of people. You know, sort of on top of each other. Teresa: It is!
Sally: How did that happen?
Simon: Well, you see we were all pretty hopeless at first. Every day Werner used to
take us to the nursery slope* to practise, and to get to the top you had to go up on a ski lift.
Teresa: Which wasn't really very easy.
Simon: No, and if you fell off you'd start sliding down the slope, right into all the
people coming up!
Sally- Mmm.
Simon: Well, on that day we were all going up on the ski lift, you know, we were
just getting used to it, and, you see there was this one woman in our class who never got the hang of* it. She didn't have any sort of control over her skis and whenever she started sliding, she would sort of stick her ski sticks out in front of her, you know, like swords or something.
Teresa: I always tried to avoid her, but on that day I was right behind her on the ski
lift* and just as she was getting to the top, she slipped and started sliding down the slope.
Sally: Did she? ~
Simon: Mmm, with her ski sticks waving around in front of her!
Teresa: So of course everyone sort of let go and tried to jump off the ski lift to get
out of the way.
Simon: And that's how they all ended up in a pile at the bottom of the slope -- it
was lucky I had my camera with me.
Sally: I bet that woman was popular! Simon oh,yes. everybody's favourite! Exercise A:
1. They are looking at some pictures. 2. A ski class for beginners. 3. Two.
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Exercise B:
Everyday the coach took them to a nursery slope. They got to the top on a ski lift. In their class there was one woman who could never learn how to ski. She couldn't control her skis and whenever she started sliding, she would stick her ski sticks out in front of her. People always tried to avoid her.
One day as she was getting to the top, she slipped and started sliding down the slope. Everyone let go and tried to jump off the ski lift to get out of the way and they all ended up in a pile at the bottom of the slope. Port 2 Passages
Passage The Truth about the French! Skiing in France is heaven on Earth for a dedicated skier. There are resorts where you can access skiing terrain that is larger than all the ski resorts in Utah* and Colorado* combined.
The larger resorts have an adequate number of restaurants and discos. It is a good idea to eat a good lunch because the mountain restaurants are normally much better than the restaurants in the ski stations.
French resorts are mostly government owned and operated. The social system puts a high percentage of money back into the areas. This provides state-of-the-art* lifts, snow making and snow grooming. In general, an intermediate skier who can read a lift map will easily be able to ski all day avoiding lift lines and crowds, even during the busiest season.
The French school systems have a staggered* two-week winter vacation period. When the snow is good, nearly all of France migrates to the mountains for this period. The break usually covers the last two weeks of February and the first week of March. The time to absolutely avoid is the \"Paris school holiday week\" which will always be in the middle period of the vacation time but alternates starting the first or second week of the break.
No one has a more undeserved* reputation about his or her character than the French. The French are not generally arrogant and rude. Tree, in large tourist centers there are unpleasant people and if you're looking for or expecting rudeness, you may just provoke* it. Generally the French, especially in the countryside, are as kind as you wish and you will find warmth and acceptance. The most fractious* Frenchman is easily disarmed by a little sincerity*.
When greeting someone or saying good-bye, always shake hands. Don't use a firm, pumping handshake, but a quick, slight pressure one. When you enter a room or a sbop you should greet everyone there. If you meet a person you know very well use their first name and kiss both cheeks. Men don't usually kiss unless they are relatives. Good topics of conversation include food, sports, hobbies and where you come from. Topics to avoid are prices, where items were bought, what someone does for a living, income and age. Questions about personal and family life are considered private. Expect to find the French well-informed about the history, culture and politics of other countries. To gain their respect, be prepared to show some knowledge of the history and politics of France.
France is generally a very safe country to visit. Pickpockets, however, are not
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unheard of. In large cities particularly, take precautions against theft. Always secure your vehicles, leave nothing of value visible and don't carry your wallet in your back pocket. Beware of begging children! Exercise A:
When greeting someone or saying good-bye, always shake hands. Don't use a firm, pumping handshake, but a quick, slight pressure one. When you enter a room or a shop you should greet everyone there, lf you meet a person you know very well use their first name and kiss both cheeks, men don't usually kiss unless they are relatives. Exercise B:
1.C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. D Exercise C:
1. Skiing in France is heaven on Earth for a dedicated skier.
2. An intermediate skier who can read a lift map will easily be able to ski all day avoiding lift lines and crowds, even during the busiest season.
3. This staggered two-week winter vacation period usually covers the last two weeks of February and the first week of March.
4. The French are not generally arrogant and rude, They are as kind as you wish.
5. In large cities in France, always secure your vehicles, leave nothing of value visible and don't carry your wallet in your back pocket. Beware of begging children
Part 3 News News Item 1 France's busiest airport will reopen part of a terminal that was not damaged when a segment of the roof collapsed in May, killing four people.
The Transport Minister Gilles de Robien said a segment of the three-building 2E terminal at Charles de Gaulle airport would return to service on July 15. In the May 23 disaster, failing glass, steel and masonry* killed four travelers -- two Chinese, one Czech* and one Lebanese*. Three others were injured.
A preliminary report by experts said Tuesday that a weakness in the concrete that formed the futuristic terminal's vaulted roof may have contributed to the collapse. Officials are still unsure about what exactly caused it to collapse. Exercise A:
This news item is about the new information Of France Charles de Gaulle airport where a segment of the roof collapsed in May. Exercise B:
1. France's busiest airport will reopen the whole termina part of a terminal. √ 2. A segment of the roof collapse in May. √ July. 3. A segment of the three-building 2E return √ to service on July 15 terminal delay 4. In the disaster Falling stone Kill four travelers Falling steel √ 5. It is already clear what exactly caused the roof to collapse. 实用文档.
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News Item 2 An Antonov 26 plane crashed in northwestern Congo shortly after take-off on Saturday, killing all 22 Congolese passengers and the crew.
It was not known how many crew members were on the plane when it crashed near the town of Boende, more than 600 km northeast of the capital Kinshasa. The cause of the crash was unknown.
A string of accidents this week has underlined the parlous* state of Democratic Republic of Congo's transport infrastructure* after five years of war and decades of misrule.
More than 160 people drowned when a ferry sank during a storm on Lake Mai-Ndombe, north east of Kinshasa, on Tuesday.
On Saturday, 18 people were killed or injured when a small truck experienced brake trouble and crashed near the eastern town of Goma. Exercise A:
This news item is about a strine of accidents this week in Congo. Exercise B:
It is still uncertain √ A String of Accidents This Week Type of TimPlace Casualties Accident e a ferry sink Tuesday OnLake Mai- Ndombe, more than 160 people northeast of Kinshasa a truck crash Saturday near the eastern town of 18 people were killed Goma or injured an air crash Satunear the town of Boende, all 22 Congolese rday in northwestern Congo passengers and the crew News Item 3
Exercise A:
This news item is about the practice of racial profiling in the United States. Exercise B:
Cause of the accident storm Brake trouble unknown Raed Jarrar, an airline passenger, has recently been awarded a total of ___________ in compensation.
Section three oral work Retelling
There is a street called \"The Strand\" in Galveston, where hundreds of thousands of tourists
visit today. This street was Mama's stomping* ground as a kid. Before Mama died, we took a streetcar around Galveston to see all the lovely, restored homes. What a great day. She knew more
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than the tour guide. As we sat enjoying the sights, Mama said, \"Liz, do you know why my nose is a little crooked*?\" (I thought, \"Where did that come from?\") \"No, Mama, you haven't ever mentioned it,\" I replied.
\"Well,\" said mother, \"one day I followed my brothers to The Strand, and a streetcar ran over
me. I put myself flat down between the rails and pushed my face in the ground so hard, I broke my
nose! It sure caused a lot of chaos*. People screamed, the police came, and I just crawled out,
brushed myself off and went home. The only thing 1 ever noticed different about me was a crooked
I just looked at her nose and looked at Mama in utter disbelief!
Section Four Supplementary Exercises
Babies and Intelligence Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life.
Research scientists at the National Institute of Child Health and Development note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other humans. This ability to learn exists in a baby even before birth. They say newborn babies can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers.
The Finnish researchers used devices to measures the babies' brain activity. The researchers
played recordings of spoken sounds for up to one hour while the babies slept.
The head of the study believes that babies can learn while asleep because the part of their brains called the cerebral cortex* remains active at night. The cortex is very important for learning. This part of the brain is not active in adults while they sleep.
Many experts say the first years of a child's life are important for all later development. An
American study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in their children. The study involved more than 1,200 mothers and children. Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years. They observed the mothers playing with their children four times during this period. The researchers attempted to measure the sensitivity of the mothers. The women were considered sensitive if they supported their children's activities and did not interfere unnecessarily. They tested the children for thinking and language development when they were three years old.
The children of depressed women did not do as well on tests as the children of women who did not suffer from depression. The children of depressed women did
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poorly on tests of language skills and understanding what they hear. These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people.
Another study suggests that babies who are bigger at birth generally are more intelligent later in life. It found that the intelligence of a child at seven years of age is directly linked to his or her weight at birth. Study organizers say this is probably because heavier babies received more nutrition* during important periods of brain development before they were born.
The study involved almost 3,500 children. Researchers in New York City used traditional tests to measure intelligence. Brothers and sisters were tested so that the effects of birth weight alone could be separated from the effects of diet or other considerations.
The researchers found that children with higher birth weights generally did better on the intelligence tests. Also, the link between birth weight and intelligence later in life was stronger for boys than for girls. Exercise A:
1. Some people thought babies were able to learn things when they were five or six months old.
2. Doctors think babies begin learning things on their first day of life. 3. Babies communicate with other people by smiling.
4. They can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers. 5. Babies can learn while asleep.
6. They are important for a child's all later development.
Exercise:B
Study 1 Objective Mothers' influence on their children in terms of social development and language skills People involved More than 1,200 mothers and children Length of the study Almost three years Activity Mothers play with their children Method used Observation Findings 1. The children of sensitive woman did well on tests of language skills and understanding what they hear. They were cooperative and had no problem dealing with other people. 2. The children of depressed women did poorly on tests of language kills and understanding what they hear. These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people. Study 2 Objective Birth weight and intelligence Number of children Almost 3,500 children involved Method used Traditional tests 实用文档.
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Findings 1. Babies who are bigger at birth generally are more intelligent later in life. 2. The link between birth weight and intelligence later in life was a stronger for boys than for girls.
Exercise C: Your opinion
Directions: Listen to the passage again and give your opinion on the following topics, \"Many experts say the first years of a child's life are important for all later development.\"
1. What should mothers do in the first year of a child's life?
2. What might affect a child if his parents get divorced in his first year of life?
Passage 2 Fatigue Fatigue is a feeling of weariness, tiredness, or lack of energy.
Fatigue is different from drowsiness. In general, drowsiness is feeling the need to sleep, while fatigue is a lack of energy and motivation. Drowsiness and apathy (a feeling of indifference or not caring about what happens) can be symptoms of fatigue. Fatigue can be a normal and important response to physical exertion, emotional stress, boredom, or lack of sleep. However, it can also be a nonspecific sign of a more serious psychological or , physical disorder. Fatigue that is not relieved by enough sleep, good nutrition, or a low-stress environment should be evaluated by your doctor. Because fatigue is a common complaint, sometimes a potentially serious cause may be overlooked.
The pattern of fatigue may help your doctor determine its underlying cause. For example, if you wake up in the morning rested but rapidly develop fatigue with activity, you may have an ongoing pysical condition like an underactive thyroid*. On the other hand, if you wake up with a low level of energy and have fatigue that lasts throughout the day, you may be depressed. Here are some tips for reducing fatigue:
Get adequate, regular, and consistent amounts of sleep each night.
Eat a healthy, well-balanced diet and drink plenty of water throughout the day. Exercise regularly.
Learn better ways to relax. Try yoga* or meditation*. Maintain a reasonable work and personal schedule.
Change your stressful circumstances, if possible. For example, switch jobs, take a
vacation, and deal directly with problems in a relationship.
Take a multivitamin. Talk to your doctor about what you need and what is best for
you.
Avoid alcohol, nicotine*, and drag use.
If you have chronic* pain or depression, treating either often helps address the fatigue. However, some antidepressant* medications may cause or worsen fatigue. Your medication may have to be adjusted to avoid this problem. Do not stop or change any medications without instruction from your doctor.
Stimulants* (including caffeine) are not effective treatments for fatigue, and can actually make the problem worse when the drugs are discontinued. Sedatives* also
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tend to intensify fatigue in the long run. Exercise A:
Fatigue is a feeling of weariness, tiredness, or lack of energy. Fatigue is different from drowsiness. In general, drowsiness is feeling the need to sleep, while fatigue is a lack of energy and motivation. Drowsiness and apathy can be symptoms of fatigue. Exercise B:
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. C Exercise C:
1. Fatigue is a normal and important response to physical exertion, emotional stress, boredom, or lack of sleep.
2. Drowsiness and apathy can be symptoms of fatigue.
3. Enough sleep, good nutrition, or a low-stress environment can usually relieve fatigue.
4. Treatment for chronic pain or depression often helps address fatigue. 5. They may cause or worsen fatigue.
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