一、 重要单词：
act(n), scene, curtain, trash, garbage, charge, adult, , behavior, teenager, punish, period, argument, relationship, force, unpleasant, character, explain, slam, vet(veterinarian), style, mess, thumb, vs(versus), plus, petition, sink, fault, boring. 二、单词聚焦
1. surprise vt. & n. 使吃惊;惊讶
surprised adj. 惊讶的 surprising adj. 出人意料的surprisedly adv. 惊讶地 surprisingly adv. 出乎意料地
(much) to one’s surprise令人惊讶的 in / with surprise出乎意料 2. explain vt. explain sth. to sb. / explain sb. sth. explain + that clause
explain + why / how 等引导的特殊疑问句 1) I asked my math teacher to ~to me the problem again.
2) Perhaps genetic difference can ~ whysome peopleput on weight more easily than others.
拓展 in explanation of 说明，作为什么的解释 3. leave vt. Leave+形/doing/done 1) Who has left the door open ?
2) Don’t leave the water running while you’re brushing your teeth. 3) The experiment left a lot of questions unanswered . 4) Leave the letter to/with me . I’ll ensure it gets posted.
leave aside把…放在一边 、leave out 遗漏 、leave behind 丢下、遗忘 leave off 停止、leave sb/ sth. alone 不打扰某人/某物
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word 4. expect vt. expect sb./ sth. /expect to do sth./ expect sb to do sth/ expect that …
1) You can’t ~ to (不能指望) learn a foreign language in a week. 2) The boss _~s us to work on Saturdays.(要求我们周六上班). 3) I ~ I will be back next Sunday.(预料将在下周回来). 5. deserve vt. deserve sth./ to do/ doing / to be done 1) She ~s the praise/ to be praised .(值得表扬). 2) You ~ to win (应当赢) because you are the best.
三.重点词组
1.be mon to sb. 对……很常见 2.turn up 调高
3.a waste of time 浪费时间 4.force sb.to do sth 强迫某人做某事
5. be angry with sb. 跟某人发火 6.can’t wait to do ….be supposed to do应该…… 8.leave sb. in charge 让某人掌管 9. go unpunished 不受惩罚 10. go out 熄灭 11. have one’s arms crossed 把某人的双臂交叉着 12. give sb. a chance to explain 给某人一个解释的机会
13. deserve to do 理应…… 14. be too hard on sb. 对某人太苛刻了
15 now that 既然 16. in the form of 以……形式 17. the following statements 下列陈述 18 give a reason for sth. 给出…..的理由
19. be angry at/about sth. 因为谋事发火 20 an explanation for sth. 给某事的解释
21. explain to sb. sth. 象某人解释某事 22. argue with sb. about sth. 跟某人因为某事而争辩
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word 23. in spoken English 在英语口语中 24. in formal English 在正式的英语中
25. make a mountain out of a molehill 小题大做
26 rain cats and dogs 大雨滂沱 27. all thumbs 手忙脚乱
28 leave out 省略 29 make friends with sb. 与某人做朋友
30 have a good laugh over sth, 嘲笑… 31. discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事
32 feel upset about sth. 对某事感到难过 33 go unpunished/without being punished 不受惩罚
34. stay up 熬夜 35 be nervous about sth. 因为某事紧X
36. mix up A with B. 将A 和B 混淆 37. be proud of sb/sth. 为某人/某事骄傲（自豪）
38. take pride in sb/sth为某人/某事骄傲（自豪）
39. ask for sb’s advice about/ on sth. 问某人关于某事的建议 40. give sb. some good advice 给某人一些好的建议
41. take/follow one’s advice 接受某人的建议 42. all the time 一直 42. be close to each other 相互很亲近
43. keep sth. in mind/keep these points in mind 记住/将这些要点记住
44. what’s up? 怎么了？/什么事？ 45 argue about sth. with sb. 跟某人就某事争执
46. early on 提前 47. advise sb. to do sth 建议某人做某事
48. be rude to sb对某人无礼 49. insist on 坚持 50. waste time doing sth. 浪费时间做某事 51. allow sb. to do allow doing
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word 52. forbid/stop/prevent sb.from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
53. be a mess/ in a mess乱成一团 54. leave sb in charge 委托 …. 四、短语辨析
1. in charge of / in the charge of
1) An experienced teacher is __________________this class. 2) The baby is _______________________________my aunt. 2. do with / deal with
3. can’t wait to do/ can’t help doing/ can’t help but do 1) She couldn’t help ________(cry) when she heard the bad news. 2) I can’t wait to ________(see) her again.
3) The boy can’t help but __________(feel) sorry about his failure. 4. have sth done / have sb do/ have sb. doing
1) Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good plan tohaveher written English__________ (improve) in a short period.
2) You can have your brother ____________(fix) the radio. 3) It was cold so they had the fire ___________ (burn) all night.
1. Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly. 埃里克跟着球跑进来，后面跟着一条大狗，狗走得很慢。
这句话里有两个不同层面上的状语：过去分词短语“followed by a big dog” 是谓语“runs in”的伴随状语，而现在分词短语“walking very slowly”描述的是大狗跟随埃里克进来的行走方式，是动词“follow”的状语。
伴随状语通常由现在分词短语、过去分词短语或介词短语承当。当伴随动作由主语发出时，用现在分词，当伴随动作由其他人或物发出时用过去分词。例如： He ran after the thief, shouting angrily.
She sat nervously in the grand sitting room, watched closely by the police. 2. You weren’t supposed to e home until tomorrow.
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word 你们应该明天才回家的。
be supposed to do sth:被期望或要求去做, 本应该去做。例如; You are supposed to hand in your articles this Friday.
在肯定句中until 必须和持续性动词连用时，在否定句里它主要和短暂性动词连用也可以和持续性动词连用，表示直到某时某个动作才开始。Until 还可以用在强调句中。Not until 放在句首时，句子要倒装。例如: He slept until 8 o’clock.
He didn’t wake up until 8 o’clock. It was not until 8 o”clock that he woke up. Not until 8 o’clock did he wake up.
3. The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone, but spot looks so hungry. 本该用来买狗食的钱不见了，但斑点狗看起来饿得厉害。
“with which you were to buy dog food” 是定语从句, 当关系代词是介词宾语时,介词常放在关系代词之前。
主语＋be动词+不定式表示“按计划将要做”，例如;
The presidential candidate is to make a speech in our town on his way to Washington. 4. This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished. 我们家不是一个放纵不良行为的家庭。
根据上文，this是指 our family。动词go 后面可以跟形容词，表示“变得”，例如： go bad（变质）, go dry（变干）, go mad（发疯）, go international （国际化）。Go 和一些含否定意义的形容词连用，则表示“不受……的, 未被…的”,如: go unchallenged, go unnoticed
It’s strange that such a mistake can go unnoticed in the textbook. 5. None of us stopped to think and we should have. 我们本应当停下来想想，而我们都没有那么做。
Stop to do表示停下来去做另一件事， stop doing则表示停止正在做的事情。 should have 也是一种虚拟语气，表示过去本应当做的事情。这里完整的句子应该是:
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word We should have stopped to think, but none of us did.
6. Can you explain to me now why the house was a mess and what you did with the cash we left?
你现在能向我解释为什么家里乱成一团，而你又把我们留下的钱拿去干什么了吗? Be (in) a mess表示“乱成一团”； do with 表示“处理、处置”常和what 连用 四例如：Seen from the space,the earth looks like a huge water covered globe. 从太空看，地球就像一个被水覆盖的球体。
Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks like a garden. 从山顶看，公园像个花园。
Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多给点时间，我们能把它做得更好。
Folded up along the lines, the paper will be a paper box. 沿着线折叠，这X纸就成了一个纸合。
Though made with great care, the food was still not to her taste. 尽管精心烹制，食物仍然不合她的口味。 I won’t go to the party unless invited. 我不会参加聚会，除非邀请我。
When heated, water can be turned into vapour. 把水加热，水就会变成水蒸气。 what am I to do?
例如：we are to meet at the school gate. You’re to be back by 10 o’clock.
I am to inform you that the meeting will be held in hangzhou. A knife is used to cut They were never__________ (他们注定以后永远不再见面)
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word A new hospital _________in our district. (我们区将建立一个新的医院。)
What is _________when something gets into your eyes? （如果你的眼睛里进了东西，你该怎么办？） You are supposed to know the law.
例如：Customers are not supposed to smoke here. 顾客不可以在这里吸烟。
Tom, you’re not supposed to go out at night. 汤姆，晚上你不要出去了。
Cats are supposed to be afraid of dogs,but my cat has just driven Mr. Brown dog out of the yard.
按说猫本应是怕狗的，但我的猫刚刚却把布朗先生的狗从院子中赶了出去。 Lu xun was supposed to be a doctor,but he became a famous writer. 鲁迅本应该当医生，但他却成了一位著名的作家。
Is the servant supposed to clear the outside of the windows or only the inside. 这个佣人应该打扫窗户的外面呢，还是仅仅打扫里面呢？
Listen to me young man –remember the day when we left you in charge? In charge (of)：负责（、、、） Who is in charge here ? 谁负责这儿？
He is in charge of the Heath Department. 他负责卫生部的工作。
The doctor in charge was a tall man. 负责的医生是一位高个子男人。
The officer in charge requested John to put on his clothes.
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word 负责的官员要约翰穿上衣服。 The boy was in Mary’s charge. 这男孩由玛丽照顾。
The hospital is in/under the charge of doctor Green. 医院由格林医生负责。
The project is in his charge.这工程由他负责 。
deserve vt. “值得，应当受到”，后面跟 名词或代词
He deserved his glory. 他应当得到光荣。 用过去分词做表语。
He felt that her praise of him was deserved
他觉得她对他的表扬是值得的。/他觉得他应当受到她的表扬。 不定式：
You deserved to succeed. 你应该取得成功。
从句或动名词
He said that he really didn’t deserve she should be so kind. 她说他真的不值得她对他这样好。 Such bad behaviour deserves a beating. 这种坏行为该打.
Maybe ,but now that he has been so rude to us ,I feel like we have to punish him or he won’t respect us .
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word Now that 是个固定短语，用来引导壮语从句。意思是“既然，由于” Now (that)John has arrived, we can began right now. 既然约翰已经来了，我们可以立即开始。
Now that he has finally turned off the radio ,we can have a good sleep. 由于他最终关掉了收音机，我们睡了一个好觉。
She has a very heavy responsbility now that she has to take care of her younger brther after her father’s death.
由于她在她父亲死后得照顾她的两个小弟弟，她的负担非常重。
Feel like 是固定短语意思是
I don’t feel like (having) a big meal now. 我现在不想吃大餐。
We’ll go for a walk if you feel like it. 如果你想散步，我们就去。
He feel like a good rest after a day’s walk. 走了一天之后，他想好好休息一下。
（2）“使人有某种特别的感觉” This material feels like silk. 这种材料摸起来想丝绸。
I was only there for two days but it felt like a week. 我仅在那儿呆两天，但我感觉象一周。 They made me feel like one of the family. 他们使我感觉我是这家人之一。
This is not the family where bad behaviour goes unpunished and you… His plaints went unnoticed. 他的抱怨没有人注意。
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word All the man here go armed 这儿所有的人都武装起来。
The food easily goes bad in the summer. 食物在夏季很容易边坏。
It is necessary not to let errors go uncorrected. 不能让错误不订正是必须的。 I forget what I did with the letter. (1):[与could,can连用]想要，需要
（4）以、、、对付过去，凑和着用
The teacher didn’t know what to do with the class. 老师不知道怎么对待这个班。
Can you do with some cakes for lunch? 午饭吃点蛋糕，你能将就吗？
If we can’t afford meat, we shall have to do with fish. 如果买不起肉，我们就将就着吃鱼吧。 That has nothing to do with us. 那件事与我们无关。
You should be out playing instead of working indoors. 你应该到外面去玩玩，不该闷在屋里工作。
Instead of “代替，而不是”，其后可接名词/代词/动名词/介词短语/形容词等等。 例如：He studies in the evening instead of during the day. 他在晚上学习而不是在白天。
They went there on foot instead of by bus. 他们步行去那儿不是乘公交车去的。 Things are now better instead of worse.
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word 情况变好了，而不是更糟糕了。 We feel you should not have done that. 我们觉得你不应该做那事。
You should not have made that mistake again. 你本不应该再犯那个错误 We shouldn’t be late for school. 我们不应该上学迟到。
You failed in the exam. You should have studied hard. 你考试失败了。你本应该努力学习的。 I should have cared more about my friends. 我本应该多关心我的朋友。
理解长句：
1．The room is a mess, with pizza boxes lying on the floor and dishes piled in the sink. 句中with pizza boxes …是“with+宾+宾补”结构，在句中作伴随状语。补充说明the room is a mess的情况。
** “with+宾+宾补”结构中，宾语补足语可以是形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式等等。这种结构在句中可以做状语也可做定语。
2．Eric sits on his bed looking at Daniel, who has arms crossed and looks angry. 句中looking at Daniel 是现在分词短语做伴随状语，表示伴随着谓语动词sits on his bed同时发生。 Task present A：
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word Present 作动词的用法如下： 演出，展出：
The school is presenting a play. 学校正在演出一场戏。
The gallery will present the works of a new artist. 美术馆展出一位新艺术家的作品。 送给，增与：
They present the flowers to their teacher. 他们把花送给老师。
Our class presented the school with a picture. 我们班赠给学校一幅画。 颁发、递交、呈递
The mayor presented the prizes. 那位市长颁奖。
Please present your report to the manager. 请把你的报告交给经理。 提出（论点、看法等）：
He presented his views and sat down. 他提出他的观点，然后坐下来。 呈现、出现、显露：
Every country of latin American presents a similar picture. 拉丁美洲的每个国家呈现出类似的风光。 引见介绍：
May I present you to my husband? 我可以将你引见给我丈夫吗？ B：
Present 当形容词可以表示：
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word 在场、出席：
Every member of the class was present. 班上每个人都到场了。 存在：
Oxygen is present in the air. 氧气存在于空气中。 现在的：
At the present moment he is supposed to be in Paris.现在，他应该在巴黎。 C：present 作名词， 1)表示“现在”
There is no time like present 没有什么时候像现在这样。 2）礼物、赠品 frustrated
I found him quite frustrated last night. 昨晚我发现他相当沮丧。
Don’t be so frustrated! Everything will be OK. 不要这样气馁！一切都会过去的。
The result of the exam is frustrating to us. 考试的结果令我们灰心。
It is frustrating to hear the experiment has failed. 实验失败的消息让人极度灰心。 C ：frustrate 是及物动词，表示：
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word 粉碎、挫败、使失败 He frustrated our plan. 他挫败了我们的计划。
The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out. 坏天气使我们所有外出的希望全泡汤了。 使泄气：
He was frustrated by his poverty. 贫穷使他灰心。
All this is rather frustrating. 所有这一切相当令人泄气。
phone-in （电台、电视台的）听（观）众来电直播节目。 a regular morning phone-in.
早晨固定的听（观）众来电直播节目。 a phone-in problem sevice. 为你答问服务来电直播节目。 gist: 要点、主要意思（不可数）
I haven’t the time to read the report .Can you give me the gist of it? 我没有时间看报告。你能把大意告诉我吗？ He gave me the gist of the headmaster’s report. 他把校长报告的大意告诉了我。
mood 在句中意为：“情绪、心理状态”（可数名词） What was the general mood of the class? 这个班总的情绪如何？
He didn’t want to go home in that mood. 他在那总心态下不想回家。
for nothing
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word A:在句中意为“白费”“白白地” We took all that trouble for nothing. 我们白费力找这些麻烦。
All his good work was for nothing . 他的一切努力都是白费的。 B:免费、没花钱
They will repaired it for nothing. 他们将免费修理它。 I get this book for nothing. 我免费得到这本书。 C: 无缘无故地
They quarrelled for nothing. 他们无缘无故地吵架。
mix up …… with……把、、、和、、、混淆在一起，把、、、看作是（另一个人） 注意：当mix up 的宾语是代词时，这个代词需放在mix与up 之间。 She had mixed him up with someone else. 她把他和另外一个人搞混了。
He’s forever mixed me up with my brother. 他永远弄不清我和我哥哥。
be meant (to do…)意为“必须（做），应该（做）”
You were meant to ask why I was disappointed with the idea. 你该问问我对这种想法为什么感到失望。 They were meant to look after their aged parents. 他们应该照顾他们年迈的父母。
l 在本单元they are meant to be read aloud 应译为“这些话是为朗诵准备l 的” keep… in mind 记住，放在心里
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word You have to be home by 11 o’clock. Keep that in mind.你必须到11点回家。记住这一点。 Please keep my words words in mind. 请把我的话记住。
character是名词，
A：在句中意为“人物”，（包括文艺作品中的人物） Black is one of the charactors in a play I am now writing. 布莱克是我正在写作的一个戏里的人物之一。 B：性格、本性、个 a)（多做不可数名词）
Such influence can change man’s character for the better. 这种影响可以使人的性格变好。 b)（有时作可数名词）
I choose my friends for their good characters. 我按照好的品格选择朋友。 C：性质（多作不可数名词）
The two problems are quite different in character. 这两个问题性质相当不同。
D：一个一个的字（指非拼音文字）写出或印出的字母和符号（可数） The letter ran to 12000 Chinese characters 这封信多达12000中国字。
The japanese used chinese characters. 日本人使用中国字。 A
am /are/is being+形容词/名词是be动词的现在进行式，表示一时的状态。 He is being silly.
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word 他在发傻呢。 She is being friendly. 她这样做是为了表示友好。
Xiao Hong is being a good girl today. 小红今天很乖。
provide在句中意为“提供”，是及物动词
A：The Red Cross provided food and shelter for disaster victims. 红十字会为受难灾民提供食品和收容所。
B：常用词语为proide…with…:给、、、提供、、、 His firm provided him with a car. 他的公司给他提供一辆小汽车。 Can he provide you with information? 他能提供你信息吗？ advice
A：作不可数名词，意为“忠告”、“劝告”“建议”
act on/follow /take one’s advice 听从/遵守/接受某人的劝告。 Let me give you a piece of /a bit of/a few words of advice. 让我给你一条/一点/几句话的忠告。
He give me some advice on learning/how to learn English well. 他给我一些如何学好英语的建议。 B：advice 的动词为advise。作及物动词，
The doctor advised a plete rest. 医生建议他休息。
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word The doctor advised him to take a holiday. 医生建议他休息。
They adviced starting early /an early start. 他建议早点出发。
They advised that we should put off the meeting. 他们建议我们推迟会议。
They advised her not marry/against marring quickly.他们建议她不要太快结婚。 Tidy (v):to make neat; put in order整理
Tidy up :When are you going to tidy your room up?你何时整理房间？ We’ll have to tidy away these papers before we have dinner. 我们吃晚饭前得把这些文件清理走。
Clean up (phr. V) :to clean thoroughly and remove anything unwanted.清理： It’s your turn to clean (the kitchen)up. Clean up this mess. bit
He is not a bit surprised at the news. 他对此消息一点不吃惊。 Not a little =very much 非常 He is not a little surprised. 他对此消息非常吃惊。
D:bit 前可用人称代词，意为“某人的一分力量”，而little 无此用法。Little 可用作不定代词，bit 无此用法。
We should do our bit for our country. 我们为祖国尽自己的一分力。
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word Little does he know about his illness. 他对病情知道得很少。
be proud of 意为“以、、、为荣”“因、、、而骄傲”如： He is proud of knowing the president. 他以认识总统为荣。
Her prarents are proud of her great success. 她父母以她的成功而骄傲。
We are proud of being/to be a Chinese. 我们因自己身为一个中国人而感到骄傲。 be proud of 与take pride in 同义。
be nerous about 意为“对、、、感到紧X”，近义于 “be anxious about/beworried about”, be nervous about中，可用at代替about.
project( Unit 2)Writing an advice letter It looks as if /as though it’s going to rain. 看起来天好像要下雨。
It sounds as if /as though someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好象有人敲门。
It seems as if/though this pen were mine. 这支笔好象是我的。
She loves the boy as if/though she were his mother. 她爱这个男孩就像她是他妈妈一样。
He looked as if/though he had known the answer. 他看起来好象已经知道这个答案了。 You look as though you had seen a ghost. 你看起来好象见过鬼似的。
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word C:as if 后面可直接跟分词或不定式。如： He opened his mouth as if to speak. 他X开口，像要说话一样。
He stared at the girl as if seeing her for the first time.他目不转睛地盯着那姑娘，好象第一次看见似的。
insist “坚持、一定要、强调” （不及物动词）， We insist upon a definite answer. 我们一定要得到一个肯定的答复。 They always insist on a high standard. 他们一贯坚持高标准。 He insisted on seeing us home. 他坚持要送我们回家。
They insisted upon her staying in hospital.他们坚持要留在医院里。 She insists that she (should)be paid equally.她坚持要得到同等的工资。 I insisted that you (should) be there on time.我坚决要求你准时到那儿。 He insisted that he heard someone in the next room. 他坚持说他听到隔壁屋里有人。
The boy insisted that he had not done that and (should) not be punished. 那男孩说他没做那事，不该受到惩罚。
Suggest vt. [+名词或代词；+动词的ing形式；+(that)从句] He suggested (going for ) a walk.他提议去散散步。
注：a:建议某人做某事用advise sb to sth 不能说suggest sb to do sth. b:suggest后加从句，如suggest表示“暗示；启发”，这时从句不用虚拟语气 The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family members. 警察提出窃贼可能是一名家庭成员。 Her yawn suggests that she is sleepy. 她打哈欠表明她困了。
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word They don’t allow smoking here. 他们不允许人们在这儿抽烟。 They allowed her to go to the party. 他们允许她参加聚会。
注：allow用于被动语态时不能用it做形式主语。
People are not allowed to smoke in the lecture hall./Smoking is not allowed in the lecture hall.不能说It is not allowed to smoke in the lecture hall. Allow me让我来（做）吧
Allow for 体谅，为、、、准备、考虑到、、、 You should allow for his youth. 你应考虑到他的年轻。
Allow of 允许、容许（多用于否定句） The situation allows of no delay. 情况不容拖延。
Such conduct allows of no excuse. 这样的行为是不容辩解的。 You allow of no exception. 你也不例外。 Forbid the meeting. 禁止这一集会。 She forbad him wine. 她不许他喝酒
The school forbids students to smoke/forbids students’ smoking . 学校不许学生抽烟。 Forbid 的句型转换：
Every time 引导时间状语从句意为“每次；每当”=whenever
Every time I e across difficulties, I will turn to my father for help.
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word 每当我碰到困难时，我就会向父亲求救。
We would meet him every time we went to our uncle’s 每次我们去叔叔家，都会碰到他。
注：every time 是连词，类似的连词还有：each time ,next time ,the second time Each time he e here ,he would tell me a different story. 每次他来这儿，都给我讲一个不同的故事。
I’ll return you the book next time I e to see you .下次我来看你的时候我将把书还给你。 They fell in love with eath other the second time they met. 他们第二次见面时，就爱上了对方。
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