2017年上半年笔译三级综合能力真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2017年上半年笔译三级综合能力真题试卷 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Vocabulary and Grammar 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze Test

PART 1 Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)This part consists of three sections. Read the directions for each section before answering the questions. The time for this part is 25 minutes.

SECTION 1 Vocabulary SelectionIn the section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences. There is only ONE right answer.

1． Large herds of grazing mammals are most likely to be found in a______. A．grassland B．terrace C．desert D．forest

正确答案：A

解析： (1)句子结构。 本句的句子结构为主动补(SVC)：主语为large herds of grazing mammals，are为系动词，most likely to be found…为主语补语(即表语)。 (2)选项词义。 A．grassland n．草原，牧草地

B．terrace n．平台；梯田；阳台

C．desert n．沙漠；荒原；应得的赏罚

D．forest n．森林 本句大意为“在草原上最有可能发现大群食草类哺乳动物”。根据句意，grazing mammals必定生活在grassland上，因此只有选项A符合题意。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：herd，flock，swarm，brood与pack。 ①herd(牛、鹿等)兽群，牧群 e．g．On the ridge of a few miles away, we spot a herd of 40 grazing elk． 在几英里外的山脊上，我们发现40只麇鹿正在吃草。 ②flock(鸟、羊，人等)群 e．g．A flock of birds was already warbling a cheerful morning chorus． 一群鸟儿在叽叽喳喳地唱着欢快的晨曲。 ③swarm(蜂、人)群 e．g．A swarm of bees are following the queen-bee to find a suitable place to establish a new home． 一群蜜蜂跟着蜂王寻找合适的地方建立新家。 ④brood一窝(鸡)、一家孩子 e．g．The bird was trying to find food for its brood． 这只鸟在为它的一窝小鸟觅食。 ⑤pack(狼、猎狗)群 e．g．It shows a fox being chased by a pack of hounds． 画面中一群猎狗正在追赶一只狐狸。

2． The politician’s speech was______of nothing but a bitter railing. A．made B．formed C．composed D．included

正确答案：C 解析： (1)句子结构。 本句为主动补(SVC)结构，The politician’s speech为主语，was为系动词，composed of nothing but a bitter railing为主语补语。 (2)选项词义。 A．make vt．使得；进行；布置，准备，整理；制造

B．form vt．构成，组成；排列，组织；产生，塑造 C．compose vt．构成；写作；使平静

D．include vt．包含，包括 本句大意为“那个政客的演说只不过是一顿尖刻的斥责”。从题干中的搭配和词义来看，只有C符合句意，因此为正确答案。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：be made of，be made from，consist of与be composed of。 ①be made of由……制成(能看出原材料) e．g．The desk is made of wood． 这张桌子是木质的。 ②be made from由……制成(看不出原材料) e．g．I wonder if wine can be made from cherries． 我想知道葡萄酒是否可以用樱桃酿制。 ③consist of由(人或事物)……组成(或构成) e．g．The division will consist of two tank companies and one infantry company． 这个师的组成部队将包括两个坦克连和一个步兵连。 ④be composed of由……组成(由成员或部分构成) e．g．The plenary meetings of the State Council shall be composed of all members of the State Council． 国务院全体会议由国务院全体成员组成。

3． When the first Europeans arrived in Australia, they found the continent already______by other people.

A．abandoned B．populated C．migrated D．explored

正确答案：B

解析： (1)句子结构。 本句是一个由when引导的时间状语从句和主句构成的主从复合句。主句的结构为主动宾补(SVOC)，主语是they，即the first Europeans，谓语动词为found，宾语为the continent，后面的already______by other people为宾语补足语。 (2)选项词义。 A．abandon vt．抛弃离弃；放弃；放纵

B．populate vt．居住于……中；构成……的人口 C．migrate vt．使移居

D．explore vt．探索；探测；探险 本句大意为“第一批欧洲人抵达澳洲时，他们发现这个大陆已经有人居住”。从四个选项来看，只有populated符合题意，因此选项B为正确答案。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：live，reside与dwell。 ①live vi．to have your home in a particular place e．g．Members of 21 minorities live in this area． 这个地区居住有21个少数民族。 ②reside vi．(formal)to live in a particular place e．g．He returned to Britain in 1939，having resided abroad for many years． 他在国外居住多年以后，于1939年回到了英国。 ③dwell vi．(formal，or literary)to live somewhere e．g．A great number of water fowls dwell on the island． 许多水鸟栖息在岛上。

4． Though many exchange students undergo a period of______upon arrival in the host countries, in a short time they begin to feel much more comfortable.

A．excitement B．relaxation C．boredom

D．disorientation

正确答案：D

解析： (1)句子结构。 本句主句的结构为主动宾(SVO)，其中主语为they，谓语动词为begin，to feel much more comfortable为宾语，though引导的是让步状语从句。 (2)选项词义。 A．excitement n．兴奋；刺激；令人兴奋的事物

B．relaxation n．放松；缓和；消遣 C．boredom n．厌倦；令人厌烦的事物

D．disorientation n．迷失方向；迷惑 本句大意为“许多交换生一到国外会经历一段迷茫期，但很快就觉得适应了”。因为though引导的是让步状语从句，因此从句中所选的词在意义上与comfortable相反；根据一般常识，出国的人经常不会感到boredom，而是无所适从，因此disorientation为最佳选项。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：有关“经历”的表达。 ①go through经历，经受(尤指苦难或艰难时期) e．g．South Africa was going through a period of irreversible change． 南非正在经历一场不可逆转的变革。 ②undergo经历，经受(变化、不快的事等) e．g．Some children undergo a complete transformation when they become teenagers． 一些儿童进入少年期会完全变成另一个人。 ③experience经历；经受；遭受 e．g．The country experienced a foreign currency shortage for several months． 这个国家经历了几个月的外汇短缺。

5． University professors are frequently______to use multimedia materials in their classroom presentations.

A．inspired B．trusted C．forced

D．encouraged

正确答案：D

解析： (1)句子结构。 本句是一个被动句，其结构为主动补(SVC)，主语为university professors，谓语为are encouraged，to use…为主语补语。 (2)选项词义。 A．inspire vt．鼓舞；激发；产生鼓舞；激发；产生

B．trust vt．信任；相信

C．force vt．被迫；违心；不得不

D．encourage vt．鼓励 本句大意为“鼓励大学教授在课堂教学中使用多媒体素材”。根据上下文，使用多媒体教学，这应该是受到鼓励的一种做法，因此encouraged最符合句意。

6． Desiring to______his talking friends, Mark gave them candies to keep their

mouths shut.

A．terrify B．offend C．reward D．silence

正确答案：D

解析： (1)句子结构。 本题的句子结构为主动双宾语(SVoO)，主语为Mark，谓语动词为gave，双宾语为them(间接宾语)和candies(直接宾语)，现在分词desiring to do…作原因状语，to keep their mouths shut为目的状语。 (2)选项词义。 A．terrify vt．使恐怖；使惊吓；恐吓；吓唬

B．offend vt．触怒；得罪；冒犯；使反感；令人不适 C．reward vt．酬谢；奖赏；报答

D．silence vt．使安静；使沉默 本句大意为“为了让滔滔不绝的朋友们安静下来，马克请他们吃糖，以堵上他们的嘴巴”。根据上下文，keep mouths shut的结果就是silence，因此选项D是最佳答案。

7． To the younger generation, hunger was an______concept, having never missed a meal themselves.

A．absurd B．abnormal C．abstract D．abusive

正确答案：C 解析： (1)句子结构。 本句的结构为主动补(SVC)，其中hunger为主语，was为系动词，an______concept为主语补语，having never missed a meal themselves为原因状语。 (2)选项词义。 A．absurd adj．荒唐的；可笑的；不合理

B．abnormal adj．反常的；不正常的

C．abstract adj．抽象的；理论上的；难解的

D．abusive adj．骂人的；滥用的；虐待的 本句大意为“对年轻一代来说，饥饿是一个抽象概念，因为他们从来没有缺过一顿饭”。因此，根据上下文，只有选项C最符合句意。

8． She was determined to______her reputation in the foreign service by learning to speak Chinese.

A．enhance B．increase C．forge D．accelerate

正确答案：A

解析： (1)句子结构。 本题的句子结构为主动补(SVC)。其中，in the

foreign service为reputation的定语，by learning to speak Chinese为方式状语。 (2)选项词义。 A．enhance vt．加强；提高；增加

B．increase vt．增加；增大；增多 C．forge vt. 伪造；锻制；捏造

D．accelerate vt．促进；(使)加快 本句大意为“她决心通过学习汉语来提高自己在对外服务中的声誉”。从四个选项中看，只有enhance的搭配为good quality, reputation，credibility, attractiveness，value or status等词，因此选项A为最佳答案。 【知识拓展】词汇辨析：increase与accelerate。 ①increase v. to become or to make sth．greater in amount，number, value，etc． e．g．The population has increased from 1．2 million to 1．8 million． 人口已从120万增加到了180万。 ②accelerate v. to happen or to make sth．happen faster or earlier than expected e．g．Inflation continues to accelerate． 通货膨胀不断加速。

9． To prevent household fires, all flammable liquids and combustible materials should be disposed______.

A．with B．of C．to D．from

正确答案：B

解析： (1)句子结构。 本句的主要结构为主谓(SV)，其中主语为all flammable liquids and combustible materials，谓语为should be disposed______；动词不定式短语to prevent household fires作目的状语。 (2)选项词义。 A．dispose with用……处置

B．dispose of去掉，清除，销毁；处理 C．dispose to挪动；想要；愿意；极欲

D．dispose from从……处置 本句大意为“为了防止住宅火灾，所有易燃液体和可燃物品必须全部清理”。本题考查的是词组固定搭配。根据题意可知，所填介词与be disposed组成“被处理”的意思，故选项B为最佳答案。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：有关“处理”的表达。 adjudicate a dispute 处理争端 conduct state affairs 处理国家大事 deal with routine matters 处理日常事务 dispose of sewage 处理污水 handle letters from the people 处理人民来信 process the data 处理数据 settle the remaining problems 处理遗留问题

10． The fireworks display created so much light that the night sky was completely______.

A．decorated B．exploded C．illuminated D．polluted

正确答案：C

解析： (1)句子结构。 主句为主动宾(SVO)结构，主语为The fireworks

display，谓语为created，宾语为so much light，后面that the night sky was completely______为结果状语从句。 (2)选项词义。 A．decorate vt．装饰；装点；装潢；点缀

B．explode vt．(使)爆炸；爆裂；爆破

C．illuminate vt．照亮；照明；阐明；解释

D．pollute vt．污染；弄脏 本句大意为“焰火很绚丽，将整个夜空都照亮了”。根据上下文推论，因为有much light，所以必定是“照亮”the night sky，而illuminate从词义和搭配都符合题意，因此为最佳答案。

11． Hoping to resolve the dispute, negotiators proposed a compromise that would be ______to both sides.

A．useful B．helpful C．acceptable D．satisfactory

正确答案：C

解析： (1)句子结构。 主句的结构为主动宾(SVO)，其中主语为negotiators，谓语为proposed，宾语为a compromise，that从句为定语从句修饰a compromise，主句之前的hoping to resolve the dispute为现在分词词组作原因状语。 (2)选项词义。 A．useful adj.有用的

B．helpful adj．有益的，有帮助的 C．acceptable adj．可接受的

D．satisfactory adj．满意的，令人满意的 本句大意为“为了能够解决分歧，谈判人员提出了一个双方都可接受的折中方案”。根据上下文推论，既然是compromise，就对双方来说是acceptable的，故选项C符合句意。

12． Fans tend to feel that sports events are exciting only when the competitors are of equal ability, making the outcome______.

A．certain B．foreseen C．assured

D．unpredictable

正确答案：D

解析： (1)句子结构。 题干的主句结构为主动宾(SVO)，主语为Fans，谓语为tend to feel，that从句为宾语从句，其中when the competitors are of equal ability为从句中的状语从句，making the outcome是现在分词词组，作结果状语。 (2)选项词义。 A．certain adj.肯定；确定；确信；无疑

B．foreseen adj.预知的

C．assured adj.自信的；有把握的；必将发生的；确定的

D．unpredictable adj．无法预言的；不可预测的；难以预料的 本句大意为“球迷们觉得，只有对阵双方棋逢对手，比赛结果胜负难料，体育赛事才精彩纷呈”。根据上下文推论，既然比赛是exciting，那么一定是因为比赛结果out of

expectation，故unpredictable最符合题意。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：Only+状语放在句首引起的倒装句。 副词only置于句首，强调方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等状语时，主句要进行部分倒装。如果被only所强调的状语为状语从句，该状语从句不倒装，只对主句进行倒装。 e．g．Only in this way can the critical mass of participation be reached． 只有这样才能凑足参与人数。 Only when agriculture is fully developed can industry have sufficient materials and markets． 只有农业发展了，工业才有足够的原料和市场。 Only under such circumstances can he be free of it． 只有在这种情况下，他才能置身事外。

13． Despite all the ads singing the praises of the new product, she remained______about its quality.

A．skeptical B．optimistic C．confident D．believable

正确答案：A

解析： (1)句子结构。 Despite…product为让步状语从句，主句的结构为主动补(SVC)，she为主语，remained为系动词，______about its quality为主语补语。 (2)选项词义。 A．skeptical adj．怀疑的；怀疑论的，不可知论的

B．optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的 C．confident adj．自信的：确信的

D．believable adj.可信的；值得相信的 本句大意为“尽管所有广告都对这个新产品夸夸其谈，但她仍然怀疑其质量”。从句中用despite引导让步状语，且用了singing the praises，主句中只能用表示消极意义的词；在四个选项中，只有skeptical表示消极意义，因此选项A是正确答案。

14． Thousands of Internet users______Lady Gaga’s Instagram account with angry comments after she posted photos of the meeting.

A．restored B．destroyed C．hacked D．flooded

正确答案：D 解析： (1)句子结构。 主句的结构为主动宾(SVO)，主语为Thousands of Internet users，谓语为空缺部分，宾语为Lady Gaga’s Instagram account，with angry comments作方式状语，after she posted photos of the meeting是时间状语从句。 (2)选项词义。 A．restore vt．恢复；修复；归还

B．destroy vt．破坏；消灭；毁坏

C．hack vt.砍，猛踢：砍，非法侵入(他人计算机系统)

D．flood vt.淹没；(使)充满；使充斥 本句大意为“Lady Gaga晒出两人会面的照片后，她的图片分享账户下就充斥了成千上万网友的各种愤怒的评论”。根据上下文，只有选项D符合题意。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：flood的用法。

①flood sb．／sth．with sth．大量送至；挤满；拥满 e．g．The office was flooded with applications for the job． 办公室堆满了应聘该职位的求职信。 ②flood sth．(with sth．)(使)充斥，充满 e．g．Cheap imposed goods are flooding the market． 廉价进口商品充斥着市场。

15． The killer arrested by the police has already claimed four lives, and even the detectives are______.

A．baffled B．inquired C．frustrated D．considered

正确答案：A

解析： (1)句子结构。 题干是由and引导的两个并列句，第一个分句的结构为主动宾(SVO)，其中主语为the killer，arrested by the police是killer的定语，谓语为has claimed，宾语为four lives；第二个分句的结构为主动补(SVC)，主语为the detectives，系动词are之后为主语补语(表语)。 (2)选项词义。 A．baffle vt．使受挫折；使困惑，使迷惑

B．inquire vt．询问；查究；打听

C．frustrate vt．挫败；阻挠；使受挫折

D．consider vt．考虑；认为 本句大意为“警察拘捕的那个杀手已经夺去了四条人命，连侦探们对此都感到大惑不解”。从上下文来看，那个杀手为什么会疯狂地杀人，这令人不解。因此，在四个选项中，只有选项A最符合题意。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：baffle与confuse。 ①baffle v. be a mystery or bewildering to e．g．An apple tree producing square fruit is baffling expeas． 一棵苹果树结方形果实，这令专家们感到困惑。 ②confuse v. to make someone feel that they cannot think clearly or do not understand；bewilder e．g．I understand the text，but the diagrams are confusing me． 文字我理解，但是图表把我弄糊涂了。

16． Here is a new edition of the deeply moving______of the five-year journey of philosopher Ken Wilber and his wife through her illness, treatment, and death.

A．interaction B．account C．landscape D．confession

正确答案：B

解析： (1)句子结构。 主句为一个倒装句，其结构为主动补(SVC)，其中a new edition为主语，其后的of the deeply…and death都是定语，is为系动词，here为主语补语。 (2)选项词义。 A．interaction n．相互影响，相互作用；互动

B．account n．叙述，描写，报道 C．landscape n．风景，景致

D．confession n．忏悔；供认 本句大意为“这本书的最新版详细记录了

哲学家肯-威尔伯和他的妻子五年来经历疾病、治疗和死亡的历程”。后文中出现illness，treatment and death，所以前文中的journey就是主人公的“心路历程”，因此account(讲述、描述)最符合题意，故选B项。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：有关“讲述、叙述”的表达。 ①tell about告诉(某人)有关……的情况，谈及；讲述 e．g．This week in our series，we tell about some of the other early battles of the Civil War． 本周，我们继续向你讲述美国内战初期的其他一些重大战役。 ②give an account of叙述，说明，报告，讲述 e．g．The authors give an account of the basic concept and classification of cytotoxic drugs． 作者介绍了细胞毒药物的基本概念与分类。 ③narrate讲(故事)；叙述 e．g．She entertained them by narrating her adventures in Africa． 她讲述自己在非洲的历险来使他们开心。 ④recount讲述，叙述(亲身经历) e．g．She was asked to recount the details of the conversation to the court． 她被要求向法庭陈述谈话细节。

17． The writer occasionally found himself______in controversies that had kept some of his books from being published.

A．drawn B．taken C．trapped D．involved

正确答案：D

解析： (1)句子结构。 主句的结构为主动宾补(SVOC)，其中the writer为主语，found为谓语，himself为宾语，______in controversies为宾语补语，that从句为controversies的定语。 (2)选项词义。 A．draw vt．吸引；画

B．take vt．忍受；容忍；承受 C．trap vt．诱骗；使受限制；困住

D．involve vt．包含；使参与，牵涉；围绕 本句大意为“这位作家偶然发现自己卷入了一些争论，导致他的一些著作无法出版”。从上下文来看，trapped和involved符合句意，但前者的搭配为by，而involved的搭配为in，因此involved为最佳答案。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：有关“阻止、妨碍”的表达。 ①stop使停止；使中断 e．g．You can’t stop people from saying what they think． 人们怎么想就会怎么说，你阻止不了。 ②halt(使)(生长、发展、活动等)停止(或中止) e．g．The police were halting traffic on the parade route． 警察正阻止车辆在游行路线上行驶。 ③hinder阻碍 e．g．An injury was hindering him from playing his best． 受伤后他无法发挥出最高水平。 ④impede阻碍；妨碍；阻止 e．g．At no time did I make an attempt to impede any investigatory effort． 我绝没有试图妨碍过任何调查工作。 ⑤hold back控制；阻碍 e．g．She kept trying to hold back her tears． 她一直在试图抑制住眼泪。

18． The researcher found that only a handful of troops of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys remain, each______dozens of families, like a nomadic tribe.

A．comprising B．formulating C．modifying

D．dividing

正确答案：A

解析： (1)句子结构。 本句的结构为主动宾(SVO)结构，其中主语为The researcher, 谓语为found，that从句是found的宾语从句；在宾语从句中，主语为a handful of troops of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys，remain为谓语，其后出现的“名词+v-ing形式”为独立主格结构。 (2)选项词义。 A．comprise vt.包含；由……组成

B．formulate vt.使公式化；规划

C．modify vt.修改；修饰；缓和；更改

D．divide vt.(使)分开；(使)分隔；使有分歧 本句大意为“研究人员发现，只有少数几群云南鼻猴幸存了下来，每一群由数十个鼻猴家庭构成，就像游牧部落一样”。从上下文来看，只有comprising的词义最符合句意，因此选项A为最佳答案。

19． The suspect in a deadly shooting at a Florida airport used a gun that he had stored in his ______luggage, raising questions about airport security and whether safety officials need to change the current rules.

A．delayed B．banned C．shipped D．checked

正确答案：D 解析： (1)句子结构。 主句是一个主动宾(SVO)结构，in a deadly shooting为主语的定语，at a Florida airport为地点状语，谓语为used，宾语为a gun，后也接了一个定语从句，that为关系代词，在从句中作宾语；后面的raising．．．and．．．为结果状语。 (2)选项词义。 A．delayed adj．延时的；定时的

B．banned adj.被禁的 C．shipped adj.装船的

D．checked adj．托运的 本句大意为“在佛罗里达州一次致命枪击案中，这名嫌疑人使用了他寄存在托运行李中的一支枪，由此引发了有关机场安全以及安全官员是否需要修订现行规定的问题”。根据上下文，枪击地点是at a airport，那么乘客的所有luggage必然要经过安检，因此选项D最符合题意。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：机场指示语。

20． Although Cavour did not live to see the unification of Italy — he died at the early age of 51 — he remains, along with Garibaldi and Mazzini, one of the three key______in the struggle for Italian independence.

A．profiles B．figures C．records D．memories

正确答案：B

解析： (1)句子结构。 本句中although引导的是让步状语从句，从句中破折号后面的内容起解释说明作用；第二个破折号之后是主句，其结构为主动补(SVC)，其主语为he，系动词为remains，one of…为主语补语，along with…介词词组为插入语。 (2)选项词义。 A．profile n．侧面；轮廓；外形

B．figure n．人物

C．record n．记录，记载

D．memory n．记忆，记忆力；内存 本句大意为“卡穆尔51岁时就去世了，尽管他在生前没有得以见证意大利的统一，但是他仍然与加里巴迪和马齐尼两人一起被誉为意大利争取独立斗争中的三大核心人物”。根据上下文，题干中出现了多个历史人物，而且要选项必然是表示“人物、人士”，而在四个选项中，又有figures符合题意，因此选项B是正确答案。

SECTION 2 Vocabularly ReplacementThis section consists of 15 sentences; in each sentence one word or phrase is given in the brackets. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer.

21． Dolphins, though usually friendly, can become offensive when threatened. A．violent B．aggressive C．fearless D．noisy

正确答案：B

解析： (1)句子结构。 本题句子的两个从句均有省略，如括号画线部分所示：Dolphins，though(they are)usually friendly，can become offensive when(they are)threatened。在when引导的时间状语从句和though引导的让步状语从句中，从句主语与主句的主语相同，谓语为be构成的系表结构时，从句中的主语和be都可以省略。 (2)选项词义。 A．violent adj．暴力的；猛烈的

B．aggressive adj．侵略性的；好斗的，挑衅的 C．fearless adj．无畏的；大胆的

D．noisy adj.喧闹的；嘈杂的 句子大意为“通常情况下，海豚和善友好，但受到威胁时会变得具有攻击性”。原题中的offensive意为“攻击的”，与选项中的aggressive词义最为接近，因此选项B正确。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：状语从句中的主、谓语省略。 状语从句的主语是it或与主句的主语相同时，常省略从句的主语和助词。常见的状语从句有when，while，whenever和before等引导的时间状语从句；由if或unless引导的条件状语从句；由though，although，even if或even though引导的让步状语从句；由as，as if，as though引导的方式状语从句；由whenever引导的地点状语。 e．g．When first introduced to the market，these products enjoyed great success． 这些产品首次上市就很畅销。 Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university． 尽管他的

父母手头紧，但还是坚持让他读大学。

22． Mark reviewed all his papers meticulously before submitting them. A．hastily

B．unconsciously C．explicitly D．carefully

正确答案：D

解析： (1)句子结构。 本题句子结构为主动宾(SVO)，主语为Mark，谓语为reviewed，宾语为all his papers；meticulously为方式状语，before submitting them为时间状语。 (2)选项词义。 A．hastily adv．匆忙地；急速地；飞快地

B．unconsciously adv．无意识地；不知不觉 C．explicitly adv．明确地；明白地

D．carefully adv．小心地；仔细地 句子大意为“马克仔细检查每一份论文后才会提交”。题干中的meticulously意为“细致地”“一丝不苟地”，与选项中的carefully的词义最为接近，因此选项D正确。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：meticulously。 meticulously adv．paying careful attention to every detail e．g．You plan things very meticulously, right to the very minute． 你将事情安排得很周密，精确到了每一分钟。 Each week she meticulously entered in her notebooks all sums received． 每个星期，她都细心地在笔记本上记下所有收到的款项。

23． Ted’s grandmother seems out of the ordinary; she is sometimes observed behaving in an unconventional manner.

A．common B．eccentric C．sociable D．industrious

正确答案：B

解析： (1)句子结构。 本题句子由两个分句构成，用分号隔开。前一个分句的结构为主动补(SVC)，Ted’s grandmother为主语，seems为系动词，out of the ordinary为主语补语；分号后的分句的结构为主动补(SVC)，she为主语，is observed为谓语，behaving in an unconventional manner是主语补语。 (2)选项词义。 A．common adj．共同的；普通的

B．eccentric adj．(行为)怪异的，古怪的 C．sociable adj.社交的；好交际的

D．industrious adj．勤劳的，勤奋的，勤勉的 句子大意为“泰德的祖母性情怪僻，有时人们看到她举止反常”。原题中的out of the ordinary意为“不寻常的”，与选项中的eccentric词义最为接近，因此选项B正确。

24． Since the Industrial Revolution, the global warming trend has been bound to

happen.

A．inevitable B．foreseeable C．stoppable D．preventable

正确答案：A

解析： (1)句子结构。 本题句子结构简单，容易辨识，主要检测词汇辨析。 (2)选项词义。 A．inevitable adj．必然发生的；不可避免的

B．foreseeable adj．可预知的；能预测的 C．stoppable adj．可停止的

D．preventable adj．可预防的；可阻止的 句子大意为“工业革命以来，全球变暖已成定势，难以逆转”。题干中的bound to happen意为“必然会发生的”，与选项中的inevitable词义最为接近，因此选项A正确。

25． In speech and in action, she was never haughty. A．lenient B．proud

C．complacent D．arrogant

正确答案：D

解析： (1)句子结构。 本题句子结构简单，容易辨识，主要检测词汇辨析。 (2)选项词义。 A．lenient adj．宽大的，仁慈的；<古>减轻痛苦的，缓解的；宽容

B．proud adj．自豪的，得意的；高尚的；傲慢的；有自尊心的 C．complacent adj.自满的：踌躇满志：志得意满

D．arrogant adj.傲慢的，自大的 句子大意为“她的言谈举止总是温柔谦和”。原题中的haughty意为“傲慢的”，与选项中的arrogant词义最为接近，因此选项D正确。

26． Because the company was forced to recall its faulty products, it soon had a considerable amount of useless inventory.

A．supply B．stock C．substitute D．security

正确答案：B

解析： (1)句子结构。 本题主句结构为主动宾(SVO)，it为主语，had为谓语，a considerable amount of useless inventory为宾语，because引导的是原因状语从句。 (2)选项词义。 A．supply n．供给物；储备物质；粮食

B．stock n．股份，股票；库存；家畜

C．substitute n．替补(运动员)；替代物；[语法学]代用词

D．security n．安全；保证，担保；防护；有价证券 句子大意为“公司被迫召回残次品，因此很快就堆积了大量无用存货”。题干中的inventory意思是“存货”，与选项中的stock词义最为接近，因此选项B正确。

27． The readers acclaimed the article as the masterpiece of investigative reporting.

A．welcomed B．claimed C．shouted D．praised

正确答案：D

解析： (1)句子结构。 本题句子结构为主动宾补(SVOC)，主语为The readers，谓语为acclaimed，the article为宾语，as the masterpiece of investigative reporting为宾语补语。 (2)选项词义。 A．welcome v.欢迎；乐于接受

B．claim v.声称；断言；需要；索取 C．shout v.呼喊；高声说或发出喊叫声

D．praise v.赞扬，赞美；歌颂；崇拜 原句大意为“读者称赞该文是调查报告中的佳作”。题干中acclaimed的意思为“受到赞扬的”，与选项中的praised词义最为接近，因此选项D正确。

28． People found it insincere of the judge to be involved in an illegal activity. A．hypothetical B．hypercritical C．hypocritical D．hysterical

正确答案：C

解析： (1)句子结构。 本句的结构为主动宾补(SVOC)，主语为People，谓语动词为found，宾语是it(形式宾语)，insincere为宾补，真正的宾语为to be involved in an illegal activity。 (2)选项词义。 A．hypothetical adj．假设的；有前提的；假想

B．hypercritical adj.(尤指对小错误)吹毛求疵的，过于苛刻的 C．hypocritical adj．伪善的；伪善者的；言不由衷的 D．hysterical adj.情绪异常激动的；歇斯底里般的；癔症的 原句大意为“这名法官参与了一项非法活动，因此人们觉得他很虚伪”。原题的insincere意为“不真诚的，虚假的”，与选项中的hypocritical词义最接近，因此选项C正确。 【知识拓展】(1)词缀拓展：前缀hypo-与hyper-。 ①前缀hypo-表示“……以下，轻度”，如hypoacid酸度过少的；hypotonic低渗透压的。 ②前缀hyper-表示“上方，超过”，如hyperactive活力过度的；hyperbaric高压的；hyperbole夸张(修辞)。 (2)语法拓展：形式宾语。 当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。 e．g．Cell phones，or mobile phones make it possible for US to talk to anyone from anywhere． 电话或手机使我们可以与任何地方的任何人交谈。

29． As Mary grew older, she began to recognize her mother’s strict discipline. A．tolerate B．realize C．appreciate D．follow

正确答案：C 解析： (1)句子结构。 本题主句句子结构为SVO：As Mary grew older(时间状语从句)，she(主语)began to recognize(谓语)her mother’s strict discipline(宾语)。 (2)选项词义。 A．tolerate vt.容许；容忍(不同意或不喜欢的事物)

B．realize vt．实现；意识到；(所担心的事)发生 C．appreciate vt．感激；欣赏；领会；鉴别

D．follow vt．跟随，接着；继承；采用 原句大意为“随着年龄渐长，玛丽开始理解母亲对她严格管教的重要性”。原句的recognize意思是“认出，识别；承认”，与选项中的appreciate词义最接近，因此选项C正确。

30． The problem of accurately assessing the role of English in contemporary research has been suggested as residing in the pro-Western and pro-Anglophone bias in major databases.

A．evaluating B．judging C．assuming D．measuring

正确答案：A

解析： (1)句子结构。 本句为主谓结构，主语较长，中心词problem有介词短语作其定语，介词后动名词短语accurately assessing the role of English in contemporary research作of的宾语。 (2)选项词义。 A．evaluate v.评价；对……评价

B．judge v.审判，评判；断定

C．assume v.假定，认为；承担；呈现

D．measure v.测量；估量 原句大意为“当代研究领域难以准确评价英语语言的重要性，这一问题在带有西方和英美偏见的重要数据库中都存在”。题干中的assess意为“评定；估价”，与选项中的evaluate词义最为接近，因此选项A正确。

31． Many of these developments drew on the experience of the rest of the world, rather than being confined within the boundaries of a discrete Western civilization.

A．disenchanted B．disconnected C．dismal D．disaffected

正确答案：B

解析： (1)句子结构。 本句为主动宾(SVO)结构，其中，rather than连接了一个对照成分being confined within the boundaries of a discrete Western civilization，与谓语表述的内容进行对比。 (2)选项词义。 A．disenchanted adj．不再抱幻想的；不再着迷的

B．disconnected adj．分离的；无关联的；不连贯的；无条理的 C．dismal adj．阴沉的，惨淡的，凄凉的；忧郁的

D．disaffected adj．不满的；愤愤不平的 句子大意为“许多这类进展都汲取了世界其他地方的经验，而非囿于自成一格的西方文明”。题干中的discrete意为“分离的”，与选项中的disconnected词义最为接近，因此选项B正确。 【知识拓展】(1)词汇拓展：discrete与disconnected。 ①discrete adj．(formal or technical)independent of other things of the same type e．g．The organisms can be divided into discrete categories． 有机体可分为许多互不相关联的类型。 ②disconnected adj．not related to or connected with the things or people around e．g．He described the accident in a disconnected way． 他语无伦次地描述了那场车祸。 (2)短语拓展。 ①draw on：to use a supply of sth．that is available to you e．g．The novelist draws heavily on her personal experiences． 这位小说家借用了大量自己的亲身经历为素材。 ②be confined within：be limited to a certain extent e．g．Learning should be comprehensive；it should not be confined within the bounds of schools or books． 学习应该是全方位的，不应局限于学校和书本。

32． When the boss asked me if I wanted my own column, I immediately said yes, although I had no idea how I was going to pull off this column. But I was convinced that it should somehow be about me and my friends.

A．accomplish B．postpone C．submit D．fulfill

正确答案：A

解析： (1)句子结构。 本句由两个句子组成。第一个句子是一个复杂句，包含多个从句。主句是I immediately said yes, 从句是由when引导的时间状语从句，其中包含if引导的条件状语从句；although引导的让步状语从句中包含how引导的宾语从句。 (2)选项词义。 A．accomplish v.完成；达到；实现

B．postpone v.使……延期

C．submit v.使服从；提交；[法]主张，建议

D．fulfill v.实现；履行；具备；起……作用 句子大意为“老板问我是否想要自己的专栏时，我立刻答应了。尽管我不知道该如何经营这个专栏，但我想主题应该与我和友人有关”。题干中的pull off意为“做成，完成(困难的事)”，与选项中的accomplish词义最为接近，因此选项A正确。

33． One possibility of supplying the world with clean, renewable energy is energy harvesting from ocean waves, which has been proposed as a means of

offsetting a large portion of the world’s electrical energy demand.

A．canceling B．exploring C．satisfying D．tackling

正确答案：C

解析： (1)句子结构。 One possibility of supplying the world with clean，renewable energy(主句的主语)is(系动词)energy(主语补语)harvesting from ocean waves(补语的定语)，which has been proposed as a means of offsetting a large portion of the world’s electrical energy demand(which引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰energy harvesting from ocean waves)。 (2)选项词义。 A．cancel v.取消，注销；抵消

B．explore v.勘查，勘探；[医]探查(伤处等)：研究 C．satisfy v．符合，达到(要求、规定、标准等)；履行

D．tackle v.处理，解决；抢球；阻截 句子大意为“为世界提供清洁、可再生能源的方法之一是海浪发电，人们认为它能够满足大部分电力能源需求”。题干中的offset意为“弥补”“补偿”，与选项中的satisfy词义最为接近，因此选项C正确；或者从satisfy demand这一常用搭配也可推断出C项为正确答案。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：非限定性定语从句。 非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，它与主句往往用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句的引导词通常是who，whom，whose和which等wh-词；关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语以及其他从句或整个主句，which在非限定性定语从句中可作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句有四种情况： ①指代主句中的各类名词。 e．g．These trees，which I planted three years ago，were cut by the enemy soldiers． 这些树是我三年前栽的，现在被敌军砍了。 ②指代主句中的形容词。 e．g．She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was． 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 ③which指代主句中的某个从句。 e．g．He said that he would love her forever, which was not true． 他说他会爱她一辈子，这不是真的。 ④which指代整个主句。 e．g．He never has problems in his study, which is admired by his classmates． 他学习上从来没出过问题，他的同学对此很是敬佩。

34． Looked at superficially, people appear to function well enough in economic and social life. Yet it would be dangerous to overlook the deep-seated unhappiness behind that comforting veneer.

A．atmosphere B．mode C．condition D．disguise

正确答案：D

解析： (1)句子结构。 分析句子结构可知，looked at superficially是过

去分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语为主句的主语people，即If people are looked at…。 (2)选项词义。 A．atmosphere n．大气；气体；空气；气氛

B．mode n．方式；风格；样式；(设备的)模式 C．condition n．状态；环境：健康状况；条款

D．disguise n．伪装；伪装品；用作伪装的东西 句子大意为“表面看来，人们似乎在经济社会生活中应对自如，但这只是假象；其背后是人们内心深处的苦楚，忽视它会贻害无穷”。原题中的veneer意为“虚假的外表”“虚饰”，与选项中的disguise词义最为接近，因此选项D正确。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：veneer与disguise。 ①veneer n．an outer appearance of a particular quality that hides the true nature of sb．／sth? e．g．Her veneer of politeness began to crack． 她那彬彬有礼的伪装开始露馅儿了。 ②disguise n．a thing that you wear or use to change your appearance so that people do not recognize you e．g．She wore glasses and a wig as a disguise． 她用眼镜和假发伪装起来。

35． People judge these deviations from the norm as positive because they suggest that the individual is powerful enough to risk the social costs of such behaviors.

A．transfers B．preventions C．departures D．restrictions

正确答案：C

解析： (1)句子结构。 本句中，because引导原因状语从句，从句一般放于主句之后，because表示直接原因。主句谓语中用了judge sth．as…短语结构，意为“认为……是……的”，相当于perceive…as…或count…as…。 (2)选项词义。 A．transfer n．传输

B．prevention n．预防，预防法；妨碍，阻碍物 C．departure n．离开，离去

D．restriction n．约束；制约因素；带限制性的条件(或规则) 句子大意为“人们认为这样不合常规的行为具有积极意义，因为这表明行为个体有足够的能力承受随之而来的社会舆论”。题干中deviations意为“背离，偏差”，与选项中的departures词义最为接近，因此选项C正确。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：deviation与departure。 ①deviation n．the act of moving away from what is normal or acceptable；a difference from what is usual or expected e．g．A crime is a deviation from generally accepted standards of behavior． 犯罪是违反公认行为准则的行为。 ②departure n．an action that is different from what is usual or expected e．g．Their latest single represents a new departure for the band． 他们最新出版的单曲唱片体现了乐队的新尝试。

36． To the surprise of Democrats, many Republican-controlled states optednot to expand Medicaid healthcare coverage for the poor.

A．preferred B．supported

C．refused D．offered

正确答案：A 解析： (1)句子结构。 本题的句子结构为To the surprise of Democrats(结果状语)，many Republican-controlled states(主语)opted not to expand(谓语)Medicaid health care coverage for the poor(宾语)。 (2)选项词义。 A．prefer v.较喜欢；偏爱；喜欢……多于……

B．support v.支撑；支持；资助 C．refuse v.拒绝；回绝

D．offer v.(主动)给予；(主动)提供 句子大意为“出乎民主党意料的是，许多共和党所控制的州不愿扩大穷人医疗保险受保范围”。题干中opted意为“选择”，与选项中的preferred词义最为接近。

37． The study of the properties of numbers, Plato tells us, habituates the mind to the contemplation of pure truth, and raises it above the material universe.

A．modification B．meditation C．maintenance D．mediation

正确答案：B

解析： (1)句子结构。 本句有两个谓语，句子结构为The study of the properties of numbers(画线部分为主语)，Plato tells us(插入语)，habituates(谓语1)the mind(宾语)to the contemplation of pure truth(宾语补语)，and raises(谓语2)it(宾语)above the material universe(宾语补语)。 (2)选项词义。 A．modification n．修改；修饰；改善；限定

B．meditation n．深思，冥想(尤指精神方面的问题)；沉思录 C．maintenance n．保持：维修，坚持；赡养费，抚养费

D．mediation n．调解；仲裁；调停 句子大意为“柏拉图告诉我们，研究数字属性使人习惯于深思纯粹的真理，超越具象世界”。原题中的contemplation意为“深思”“沉思”，与选项中的meditation词义最为接近，因此选项B正确。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：contemplation与meditation。 ①contemplation n．the action of looking thoughtfully at something for a long time；deep reflective thought；state of being thought about or planned e．g．He would retire to his room for study or contemplation． 他要回房学习或思考去了。 ②meditation n．the practice of thinking deeply in silence，especially for religious reasons or in order to make yourmind calm e．g．She found peace through yoga and meditation． 她通过瑜伽和冥想找到了宁静。

38． The contestant tried hard to convince the audience that our global civilization was a world heritage — not just a collection of disparate local cultures.

A．fantastic B．creative

C．different D．exotic

正确答案：C

解析： (1)句子结构。 本句结构为SVoO：The contestant(主语)tried hard to convince(谓语)the audience(间接宾语)that our global civilization was a world heritage(that引导的从句为直接宾语)一 not just a collection of disparate local cultures。 (2)选项词义。 A．fantastic adj．荒诞的；无法实现的；极好的

B．creative adj．创造的，创造性的；有创造力的 C．different adj．不同的，有区别的；各不相同的

D．exotic adj.由外国引进的，非本地的；吸引人的 句子大意为“参赛者竭力说服听众，全球文明是世界遗产，而非不同地方文化的集合”。题干中的disparate意为“迥然不同的”“无法比较的”，与选项中的different词义最为接近，因此选项C正确。

39． Economic analyses clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay for the costs of adaptation to increased temperatures.

A．fully B．entirely C．reasonably D．drastically

正确答案：D

解析： (1)句子结构。 Economic analyses(主语)clearly show(谓语) it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay for the costs of adaptation to increased temperatures． (画线部分为宾语从句，该从句有一个形式主语it，真正的主语为不定式结构) (2)选项词义。 A．fully adv．完全地；充分地，整整；足足

B．entirely adv．全部地；完整地；完全地

C．reasonably adv．尚可，合乎逻辑地；适度地

D．drastically adv．彻底地；激烈地 句子大意为“经济分析清晰表明，与适应全球变暖所要付出的代价相比，锐减二氧化碳排放的代价会更高”。题干中radically意为“根本地，彻底地”，与选项中的drastically词义最为接近，因此选项D正确。

40． As an American songwriter, singer, artist and writer, Bob Dylan has been influential in popular music and culture for more than five decades, and many of his songs chronicled social unrest.

A．indicated B．recorded C．mirrored D．protested

正确答案：B

解析： (1)句子结构。 本句为并列句，其结构为As an American songwriter, singer, artist and writer(方式状语)，Bob Dylan(主语)has been(系动词)influential(主语补语)in popular music and culture(地点状语)for more than five decades(时间状语)，and(并列连词)many of his songs(主语)chronicled(谓语)social unrest(宾语)。 (2)选项词义。 A．indicate v.指出；显示，强烈暗示；简要陈述

B．record v.记录，记下……备案；标明；录制(声音，广播) C．mirror v.反映，映照

D．protest v.抗议，提出异议；申明，断言 句子大意为“鲍勃-迪伦是美国作曲家、歌唱家、艺术家和作家。他的歌曲记录了社会的动荡与变迁；50多年来，他在流行音乐和文化方面的影响经久不衰”。题干中的chronicled意为“记录，记载”，与选项中的recorded词义最为接近，因此选项B正确。

SECTION 3 Error CorrectionThis section consists of 15 sentences; in each sentence there is a part given in the brackets that indicates a grammatical error. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer.

41． These figures lead to an expectation in which the main application area would be in the office environment.

A．if B．that C．as

D．whether

正确答案：B

解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题的考点为同位语从句与定语从句的区别。原句从结构来看in which本用于引导定语从句，句中先行词是expectation，in which指的是in the expectation，但从句的内容实际是对expectation内容的解释说明，该从句句子结构完整，不缺成分，因而此处应为同位语从句，用以补充说明expectation的内容，故应选用关系词that。 (2)选项分析。 本题中，由于从句的句子结构完整，所以从句应为补充说明expectation的同位语从句，用连词that引导。连词if不可引导同位语从句，排除选项A；“whether+陈述句，，可构成同位语从句，根据句意，从句为陈述句而非一般疑问句，因此排除选项D；而as作为连词多引导状语从句，只有选项B符合句意与语法形式要求。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：同位语从句。 同位语从句位于名词之后，用来补充说明名词。用法如下： ①由连词that引导同位语从句。同位语从句所说明的词常为表示抽象概念的名词，如fact，idea，question，conclusion，news，conclusion，doubt，theory，thought，evidence，order，proof, confidence等。 e. g. He was prepared to prove his theory that two different weights would fall to the ground at the same time． 他准备证明他的理论：两个重量不同的物体同时落地。 ②whether也引导同位语从句，但注意if不可引导同位语从句。

e．g．There is some doubt whether he will come． 他是否会来还不一定。 ③连接代词what，who，whom，whose可以引导同位语从句。 e．g．Then arose the question who(whom)we should trust in． 那时就产生了我们应该相信谁的问题。

42． Certain constellations have a particular meaning for those people which have a belief in astrology.

A．whose belief is B．which belief is C．who believe in D．whom believe in

正确答案：C

解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题的考点为定语从句的关系词。原句中定语从句的先行词为those people，先行词指“人”(those people)时，关系代词只能用who或whom，先行词those people在定语从句中充当主语，因此只能用关系代词who; 若先行词指“物”时，可用关系代词which。 (2)选项分析。 本句中先行词为those people，且不包含人或物的所有关系，因此关系代词用who或whom，排除选项A和选项B。先行词those people在定语从句中充当主语，即those people believe in astrology，因此关系代词只能为who，排除选项D，因此选项C正确。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：定语从句关系词。 定语从句用于修饰某个名词或名词短语，定语从句的关系词用于重复指代先行词，起连接主句和从句的作用，并在定语从句中充当一定的成分。关系词在从句中可充当主语、动词的宾语、介词的宾语等成分，作宾语的关系词可省略。 关系词分为关系副词和关系代词。关系代词主要包括who，whom，which，that和whose，关系副词有when，where，why等。关系代词在定语从句中起代词的作用，通常充当主语或宾语(whose作定语)，且与先行词有严格的对应关系。关系代词为who或whom时，先行词只能指“人”，关系代词为which时，先行词只能是指“物”，而关系代词是that或whose时，先行词可以指“人”，也可以指物。 e．g．Only the people who have the patience to do simple things perfectly will acquire the skill to do difficult things easily． 只有耐心将简单工作竭尽全力完成的人才能学到完成困难事情的技能。 I know a friend whose brother is a pop singer． 我认识一个朋友，他哥哥是一名流行歌手。 Anger is a wind which blows out the lamp of mind． 愤怒是吹灭心灵之灯的风。 All that glitters is not gold． 闪光的并非都是金子。

43． Walt wrote poems and they express the wonder of both the natural world and the human race.

A．that express B．and expressing C．being expressed D．and expressed

正确答案：A

解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 从句意可知，they express…部分是在对poems作修饰说明，作poems的定语从句，应选用关系词that引导该从句。 (2)选项分析。 如果wrote和express为并列结构，其时态和形式应当相同，选项B和C不符合语法形式，可直接排除。从句意可知express…部分应为poems的定语，选项D也可排除，poems在定语从句中充当主语，关系代词只能选用which或that，因此选项A正确。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：代词的指代功能。 英语中代词是代替名词的一种词类，包含人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词等。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。代词使用时需注意指代一致，即指代的名词在性、数、格上是否一致，或者所照应的名词词组在某些方面保持一致。 e．g．Each cigarette a person smokes does some harm，and eventually he may get a serious disease form its effect．(he指代前面的person) 每抽一支烟都会产生一定的危害，最终他可能会因为吸烟的影响而患上严重的疾病。 In spite of their small size，these cameras take very good pictures．(their指代后面的cameras) 这些相机体积虽小，但拍照效果很好。

44． Dr. Kim’s colleagues considered him not only a great surgeon but also being an inspiring teacher of innovative surgical techniques.

A．was inspiring in teaching B．an inspiring teacher of

C．with an inspiration of teaching D．having inspiring teaching of

正确答案：B

解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 题干not only…but also…连接并列的成分，这一平行结构中的前后两部分通常是对等成分，即由同一词类的词来担任，所以这两部分应该词性相同且结构一致。 (2)选项分析。 根据上述分析，but also后接的成分应当与not only后成分相同，由于not only之后为a great surgeon这个名词短语，but also之后也应当是名词短语an inspiring teacher，只有选项B符合要求。

45． Although he is fond of the music of both composers, Amy prefers the compositions of Mozart to Beethoven.

A．the compositions of Mozart to Beethoven’s compositions B．compositions by Mozart to compositions by Beethoven C．Mozart’s compositions to Beethoven’s D．Mozart’s compositions to Beethoven

正确答案：C

解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考查prefer一词的用法。prefer…to…是固定搭配，用来表示“喜欢……而不喜欢……”，“与……相比，更喜欢……”，主要用于比较两个名词或动名词，且前后成分在结构、性质上也应当一致。题干prefer…to…连接的成分分别为compositions(作曲)和Beethoven(贝多芬)，把作曲和人并置予以比较，结构和性质均不同，因此形式错误。 (2)选项

分析。 根据上述分析和句意，prefer…to…联系的内容为compositions。选项A在语义上正确，但结构不一致，选项D中前者为compositions(作品)，后者成了Beethoven(人)。而只有C选项Mozart’s compositions to Beethoven’s(这里为Beethoven’s compositions的省略形式)，短语两个部分的意义、结构和性质均相同，因此选项C为正确答案。

46． My friend ran a farm, but refused to kill the animals he had raised nor otherwise selling them for food.

A．or otherwise selling them B．or otherwise to sell them C．nor otherwise to sell them D．nor otherwise sold them

正确答案：B

解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本句中refuse后接的to kill与to sell在语法上为平行关系，其结构和形式应保持一致，都为refuse后的不定式结构；由于refuse(拒绝)包含了否定的含义，所以并列结构to kill和to sell应使用or连接，不能用nor。 (2)选项分析。 根据上述分析，sell应与kill一样，用不定式结构，因此选项A和选项D不可选。refuse(拒绝)包含了否定的含义，所以并列结构to kill和to sen应使用or连接，而不用nor，可排除选项C，因此选项B，正确。

47． When buying clothes, consumers usually consider how much the item costs, how good it looks, and its wears.

A．the ability to last B．how long it is C．how well it wears D．how’s the durability

正确答案：C

解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题中，谓语动词consider后接三个由how引导的并列宾语从句，因此原句中and之后为并列的第三个宾语从句，结构应与前两个从句形式保持一致。 (2)选项分析。 根据上述分析，and后宾语从句形式上应该与前两个宾语从句一致，用疑问词引导，因此排除选项A。从句需要用陈述句语序，D选项不可选，根据句意，可排除选项B，选项C符合句意，形式正确。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：并列宾语。 有时谓语动词后接两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句，该类结构会增加句子结构的复杂度，要注意辨识句子构成要素的语法关系；一般来说，第二个以后的that不可省略。 e．g．I once read that“the beauty of life is its changes”and that“the art of life lies in a constant readjustment to our surroundings”． 我曾经读过这样一句话：“生活的魅力在于变化，而生活的艺术在于不断地适应周围环境的变化”。

48． Driving to Lithfield, the freezing rain made the road slippery and hazardous. A．When we are driving to Lithfield

B．To drive to Lithfield

C．We drove to Lithfield and D．When we drove to Lithfield

正确答案：D

解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考查分词短语作状语。分词短语的逻辑主语与主句主语必须一致。Driving to Lithfield为表示动作由主句主语发出，而主句主语为物(the freezing rain)，因此不可省略主语而用分词短语的形式作状语的成分。 (2)选项分析。 根据上述分析，句子主语为the freezing rain，driving to Lithfield是由人发出的，所以修改为时间状语从句，排除选项B和C，从时态一致上看，只有选项D符合要求。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：过去分词短语作状语。 现在分词和过去分词可以在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随等。 要注意分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，即分词短语的动作须由主句主语发出。 e．g．Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a“guard of honor”of six pretty girls，he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo． 他打扮成圣诞老人，在由六个漂亮姑娘组成的“仪仗队”的陪同下，骑上一头名叫江伯的小象，沿着城里主要街道出发了。 Good relationships are hard to find and once developed，they should be nurtured． 良好的关系难得，一旦建立，就应当精心呵护。

49． All along the highway, one sees old horse barns, they all have their own unique decorations.

A．which has its own B．and each of them have C．each having their own D．each with its

正确答案：D

解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考查独立主格结构。原句中有两个分句，英语要求两个分句之间不能只用逗号，而要有连接词，以表示二者的逻辑关系，否则需用句号断句。因此they all have their own unique decorations的形式不符合语法规范。 (2)选项分析。 根据上述分析，A选项使用了非限制性定语从句，但先行词为horse barns，在定语从句中充当主语，从句中的谓语动词应该用复数；B选项为并列句形式，但each of them的结构，谓语动词应当使用单数形式；C选项having的形式错误。只有选项D符合要求。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：独立主格结构。 独立主格结构是一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。独立主格结构有以下三个特点： ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在，独立主格的主语用名词或代词，它们与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 ②独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不用任何连接词。 ③独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。 e．g．An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow)，the

professor has to stay up late into the night． 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head)． 他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。

50． Neither the principal or the teachers had been satisfied with the addition of a crossing guard. They wanted a traffic light installed at the street crossing.

A．Either the principal or the teachers had not been satisfied B．The principal or the teachers had been satisfied C．Neither the principal or the teachers were satisfied D．Neither the principal nor the teachers were satisfied

正确答案：D

解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考查neither…nor…的用法以及主语与谓语在数的一致性上的就近原则。原句中neither…nor…的固定搭配连接两个并列的主语，the principal和the teachers，表示“既不……也不……”，因此neither…or…为错误搭配。 (2)选项分析。 根据句意，the principal和the teachers对the addition of a crossing guard应当持否定的态度，所以排除选项A。前一句的时态应当与They wanted a traffic light installed at the street crossing一句相同，均为一般过去时，因此排除B选项。选项C搭配错误，只有选项D符合要求。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：平行结构。 ①neither…nor…表示“既不……也不……”，其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成分。 e．g．They can neither read nor write，nor can they comprehend such concepts． 他们不会读，不会写，也理解不了这样的概念。 ②not only…but also…既……，又……；不仅……，而且……。 e．g．She not only wrote the text but also selected the illustrations． 她不仅写了正文部分，而且还挑选了插图。 ③not…but…不是……而是……。 e．g．It is not that he lied exactly, but he did tend to exaggerate． 他不见得是真的说谎，但他的确是有意夸大。 注：not only…but also…，either…or…，not…but…，neither…nor…等结构在连接两个主语时，都需要遵循就近一致原则，即谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。

51． According to international news, the skinny guy traced by the police for the past few months was accused of conspiring with a manager, misleading the bank’s auditor.

A．misled B．had misled C．to mislead D．to have misled

正确答案：C

解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题的考点是不定式作目的状语的用法。根据句意，画线部分现在分词的逻辑主语为句子主语即the skinny guy，分析句意可知用to mislead不定式表目的。而本句中misleading词组作方式状语，而非目的状语，因此形态错误。 (2)选项分析。 本句主谓完整，主语是the

skinny guy，谓语是was accused of，且一个句子有一个以上谓语动词时需要连词连接，因此画线部分应作非谓语成分，故排除A和B选项；根据句意，本句没有说明过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，因此排除D选项的完成体，故本题正确答案是C。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：accuse与charge。 ①accuse控告；控诉；谴责。其固定搭配是accuse sb．of sth．。 e．g．The American plane makers continue to accuse Airbus of unfair competition． 美国飞机制造商继续指控空客公司不正当竞争。 ②charge控告；起诉；指控，指责。其固定搭配是charge sb．with sth．。 e．g．He was charged with first class murder． 他被指控犯有一级谋杀罪。

52． We had some links with the Socialist Workers and other Left-wing groups, and there were many intellectuals who were funding the Panthers — as well as actors and actresses and so like.

A．like it B．the like C．like them D．to like

正确答案：B 解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题的考点有两个，一是考查and so on与and the like的区别，二是考查like的用法。and so on和and the like均为副词，意为“等等；诸如此类；以此类推”，二者的区别是and so on只能用在句尾，and the like既可放在句尾，也可置于句中。 从语义上讲，and the like多指的是“与此类似的是……”，而and so on多指的是“等等，省略”。 like作为介词，当其表示方式“如同”时，后面一般都接sb．或sth．或者是动名词。 (2)选项分析。 根据题意，画线部分的意思是“等等；诸如此类”，应为and so on或是and the like。本题中出现了as well as，该短语前后连接两个并列的成分，本句中前后并列的均是名词intellectuals和actors and actresses，A，C和D选项中的like均为动词，因此排除这三个选项，故本题正确答案是B。

53． Neither Lorillard nor the researchers who studied the workers in the east part of the country has been aware of any research on smokers of the Kent cigarettes.

A．are aware of B．were aware of C．be aware of D．was aware of

正确答案：B

解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题主要考查主谓一致中的就近原则以及be aware of的用法。当neither…nor…并列主语时，谓语动词在数上采用就近一致原则，即后面的谓语动词的形式取决于nor后面的主语，如果其主语是单数，动词就用单数第三人称形式，如果是复数，谓语动词就用复数形式。这里researchers是复数形式，所以谓语动词也要相应的选择复数形式。另外，本题为过去时，因此谓语动词应为were aware of。 (2)选项分析。 本题中，neither…

nor…连接了两个不同的主语，谓语动词的选择依据就近原则，nor后面的主语researchers是复数形式，因此谓语动词也应是复数形式，故排除C和D选项，其中be aware of中的be是系动词，要根据主语改变形式，又因本题时态为过去时，因此正确答案是B。

54． The federal interior minister, which portfolio includes narcotics control, believes which an armed intervention is not a good solution to end the illegal traffic.

A．whose ... that B．which ... that C．that... in which D．where ... when

正确答案：A

解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考查关系从句和宾语从句。本句的主语是the federal interior minister，后接一个非限制性关系从句，先行词与portfolio的关系是所有格的关系，又因先行词是人，故选用whose。画线部分的关系代词which可直接作关系从句的主语、宾语、表语等成分，从句已有主语portfolio，因此不可以用which。 主句谓语动词believes后接宾语从句时，一般情况下，引导词为that，而不用which。 (2)选项分析。 首先来看一下whose的用法。whose既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词，关系代词与其后面的名词构成所有格，即whose+名词=the+名词+of which／whom=of which／whom the+名词。除了whose可以指代人之外，who和whom二者也都可以用于指人。二者的区别是who在关系从句中作主语、宾语，whom在关系从句中作宾语，并且whom在从句中能作介词的宾语，而who不能。 综上所述，可知第一个画线部分是非限制性关系从句，与先行词的关系是所有格的关系，故选用whose，由此可以直接排除B，C和D三个选项；主句谓语动词后的宾语从句不缺成分，故用that引导。因此，本题正确答案是A。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：that引导宾语从句的用法。 当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。 e．g．He said(that)he could finish his work before supper． 他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。 而在以下情况中that不能省略： ①当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个从句的连词that不可省略。 e．g．The teacher told the students(that)they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed names by their parents． 老师告诉学生他们要在第二天上交作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。 ②当that前面有插入语时，that不可省略。 e．g．Alice didn’t know，I’m sure，that her sister was going to America． 我确信，艾丽斯不知道她的姐姐很快就要去美国了。 ③当that宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that一般不宜省略。 e．g．I will never tell anyone that you have ever been there． 我绝对不会告诉别人你曾经去过那儿。 ④that引导的宾语从句放在besides，except，but和in等介词后面的时候，that不能省略。 e．g．I know nothing about his journey except that he is likely to be away for three weeks． 我对他的行程所知不多，只知道他可能离开三周。 ⑤当that宾语从句前有it作其形式宾语时，that不可省略。 e．g．We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language． 我们认为大学生至少掌握一门外语是很重要的。

55． The permanence of dams have already constructed must be ensured, by carrying out whatever can be done to stop erosion.

A．has already been constructed be ensured B．already being constructed must be ensured C．already constructed must be ensured D．must be ensured constructed

正确答案：C

解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 下画线处错误在于有两套限定动词作谓语，而一个句子只能有一套限定动词。当一个句子中出现两个动词时，必须有主次之分：次要的信息以非谓语动词的形式出现。 本题中ensure为主要动词，construct为次要动词所以应以非谓语形式出现，它的形式取决于其逻辑主语dams，因此用constructed表示被动关系。 (2)选项分析。 综上所述，A选项与画线部分属于同一种错误，有两套限定动词作谓语，所以排除A；根据句意“已经建造好的大坝”，B选项使用现在分词不符合题意；C选项用动词过去分词作后置定语，句子谓语为must be ensured，句子完整且正确；D选项中ensure和construct连用，语法错误，故排除D。因此本题正确答案是C。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：过去分词的用法。 ①作表语：过去分词作表语时，一般同时具备被动与完成的含义。 e．g．The cup is now broken． 茶杯碎了。 ②作定语：及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。 e．g．We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions． 我们必须调整思想以适应情况的变化。 The concert given by their friends was a success． 他们的朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。 ③作状语：多表示被动和完成两重含义。 e．g．Faced with difficulties，we shouldn’t withdraw for any excuse． 面对困难，我们不应该以任何理由退缩。 ④作宾语补足语。 e．g．I heard the song sung in English． 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。

56． As Wardell notes, once managerial decisions are known, they then become the basis those groups lower down the hierarchy and organize their resistance and responses.

A．which groups B．that groups

C．on which groups D．on that groups

正确答案：C

解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题的考点为basis的搭配以及关系从句的用法。basis一词意为“原因，缘由”时常用的固定搭配是on the basis of；意为“基准，准则，方式”时常用的搭配是on a…basis，如on a regular basis(以定期的方式)，on a daily basis(按每天的标准)。因此本题的介词搭配是on the basis。又因画线部分作关系从句，当介词提前时，后面的关系代词只能用which，所以画线部分应为on which groups。 (2)选项分析。 综上所述，basis的搭配是

on the basis，在关系从句中on不可以省略，因此排除A和B选项；当关系从句中介词提前时，后面的关系代词只能用which，因此排除D选项，故本题的正确答案为C。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：介词+which的用法。 当关系代词充当关系从句中某一介词的宾语时，通常把介词提前，用“介词+关系代词”来引导关系从句。介词的选用原则如下： ①根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。 e．g．This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan． 我花了8元买了这本书。(spend money on sth．为固定搭配) This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan． 我花了8元买了这本书。(pay money for sth．为固定搭配) ②根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。 e．g．I remember the day on which I joined the Party． 我记得我入党的那一天。(强调在具体某一天要用介词on) I remember the days during which I lived here． 我记得住在这里的日子。(强调在某几天时间内要用介词during) ③根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定。 e．g．The pen with which he is writing now was bought yesterday． 他现在用的那支钢笔是昨天买的。 注：look after，look for，take care of，pay attention to，listen to，look at，come across，come up with等动词短语不能拆分，介词不可以提前。

57． Each virus strain is grown separately inside the eggs over the course of several days, which it is harvested, inactivated, and purified.

A．from which B．by which C．after which D．before which

正确答案：C

解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考查关系从句，介词+关系代词的用法。在本句中，which指代时间词days，因此其前面的词只能使用before，during和after；结合上下文可知，“采集、灭活和提纯”只能是“在卵内生长”之后发生的事情，因此画线部分应为after which。 (2)选项分析。 综上所述，关系代词which指代several days，根据句意，介词搭配为after several days，定语从句还原为：It is harvested，inactivated，and purified after several days，因此，只能使用after表示之后，所以选项C为正确答案。

58． The brevity of the sentence contrasts with the complexities of the preceding sentences, as if emphasize the insignificance of the lonely narrator against his background, the sea.

A．as if to emphasize B．as if to be emphasizing C．as if to have emphasized

D．as if to have been emphasizing

正确答案：A 解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考查不定式的时态与语态以及as if引导方式状语从句的用法。不定式的时态和语态主要有四种，一般式(to do／to be done)，完成体(to have done／to have been done)，进行体(to be doing)和完成进行

体(to have been doing)。 as if引导的从句可以分为以下几种情况：在look，seem等系动词后引导表语从句，引导方式状语从句，以及还可用于省略句中。如果as if引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。 e．g．Tom raised his hands as if(he was going)to say something． 汤姆举起手好像要说什么。 (2)选项分析。 综上所述，as if用于省略结构中，可用不定式表示目的，即to emphasize。选项B表示二者同时发生，选项C不定式动作发生在主句之前，选项D表示一直延续到谓语动词发生的那一时刻的动作，所以本题的正确答案是A。

59． There had been dictionaries in the past, the first of these is a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray.

A．were B．being

C．to have been D．having been

正确答案：B

解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题的考点为独立主格结构。主句为there be句型，两个分句之间没有任何连词表示逻辑关系，逗号不能连接两个句子，因此该句的动词一定为非谓语动词形式，不能出现如画线部分一样的系动词is；所以第二个分词可以处理为独立主格结构，即逻辑主语+(being)+补足语。 (2)选项分析。 本题的选项A与画线部分错误一样，逗号不能表示两个分句之间的逻辑关系，且a little book表明使用were会导致主谓不一致，因此排除A。根据独立结构其中一种类型，即逻辑主语+(being)+补足语，可知B选项正确。

60． Until recently, the support needs of frail older people in Sweden have been met primarily by the state, with there is little expectation that the family would provide care.

A．there to have been B．there being C．there to be D．there be

正确答案：B

解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考查独立主格结构的一种，即with／without+逻辑主语+复合宾语(不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词或介词短语)。画线部分前面是单词with，此处with之后不能接完整的句子，因为前面是主谓宾齐全的句子，故此处的there be需改为非谓语形式。根据独立主格结构的形式，此处应用现在分词形式there being。 (2)选项分析。 综上所述，因为主句主谓宾齐全，因此there be动词需为非谓语形式，故排除选项D。 考虑到独立主格结构，逻辑主语和后面动词为主动关系，因此应为there being，所以正确答案是B。

PART 2 Reading Comprehension (55 points)In this part you will find a number of questions or unfinished statements after each passage. You must choose one letter (marked A,B,C, and D) you think fits best. The time for this part is 75 minutes.

The morning after my teacher came, she led me into her room and gave me a doll. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word “d-o-l-l.” I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to imitate it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly, I was flushed with childish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother, I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything had a name. One day, while I was playing with my new doll, Miss Sullivan also put my big rag doll into my lap, spelled “d-o-l-l” and tried to make me understand that “d-o-l-l” applied to both. Earlier in the day we had had a tussle over the words “m-u-g” and “w-a-t-e-r.” Miss Sullivan had tried to impress it upon me that “m-u-g” is mug and “w-a-t-e-r” is water, but I persisted in confounding the two. In despair, she had dropped the subject for the time, only to renew it at the first opportunity. I became impatient at her repeated attempts and, seizing the new doll, I dashed it upon the floor. I was keenly delighted when I felt the fragments of the broken doll at my feet. Neither sorrow nor regret followed my passionate outburst. I had not loved the doll. In the still, dark world in which I lived, there was no strong sentiment or tenderness. We walked down the path to the well-house, attracted by the fragrance of the honeysuckle with which it was covered. Someone was drawing water, and my teacher placed my hand under the spout. As the cool stream gushed over one hand, she spelled into the other the word water, first slowly, then rapidly. I stood still, my whole attention fixed upon the motions of her fingers. Suddenly I felt a misty consciousness as of something forgotten — a thrill of returning thought; and somehow the mystery of language was revealed to me. I knew then that “w-a-t-e-r” meant the wonderful cool, something that was flowing over my hand. That living word awakened my soul, gave it light, hope, joy, set it free! There were barriers still, it is true, but barriers that could in time be swept away. I left the well-house, eager to learn. Everything had a name, and each name gave birth to a new thought. As we returned to the house, every object which I touched seemed to quiver with life. That was because I saw everything with the strange, new sight that had come to me. On entering the door, I remembered the doll I had broken. I felt my way to the hearth and picked up the pieces. I tried vainly to put them together. Then my eyes filled with tears; for I realized what I had done, and for the first time I felt repentance and sorrow.

61． When the teacher spelled the word “doll” into the girl’s hand, she followed suit EXCEPT that______.

A．she was interested in the finger play

B．her fingers went in monkey-like imitation

C．she was eager to show her success to her mother D．she understood at once that everything had a name

正确答案：D

解析： 细节识别。题目问的是当老师拼写doll的时候，以下哪一个不是。根据第一段最后的“But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything had a name”可知，老师教了她好几周，她才明白每样东西都有名称，而不是题目所讲的，立刻就明白了。【知识拓展】本题对before的理解很关键。它的常见用法主要有：①表示“在……之前，……才”， 如The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won in the end(美国南北战争持续了四年，北方才最终取得胜利)。②表示“还没来得及就……”，如He turned around the corner before I waved good-bye(我们还没来得及挥手道别，他就转过街角走了)。③表示“趁……就”“没等……就”，如The government took prompt actions before things got worse(没等事态恶化，政府就迅速采取了措施)。④表示“在……之前就……”，如The train had left before we reached the railway station(我们还没到车站，火车就开走了)。

62． When the author says “finger play”, she means to emphasize her______. A．initial inability to know that she was spelling a word B．girlish need to learn by playing games with dolls

C．teacher’s technique for teaching her games with hands D．ideas that learning language was as easy as playing games

正确答案：A 解析： 语义推理。根据第一段末尾两句话“I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed；I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation．But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything had a name”可知，她最初并不知道自己在拼写单词。【知识拓展】语义推理需要紧扣题干中的关键词。finger play是作者一开始的想法，认为是一种游戏。题干的关键词是emphasize，既然是强调，当然指的是她因为先天缺陷，一开始不知道这是在教她认识世界，initial这个词就显得十分重要了。

63． In the passage, the author views language as______. A．a barrier to understanding her own thoughts B．an essential part of her life

C．the key to her appreciating of the world around her D．the only way to express her feelings

正确答案：C

解析： 论点概括。根据第三段末尾“That living word awakened my soul，gave it light，hope，joy, set it free”可知，water这个词让她顿悟，所拼单词指的是世界上存在的事物，语言是有意义的。然后根据第四段“That was because I saw everything with the strange，new sight that had come to me”可知，学会语言让她

有了认识周围世界的新视野，故选C。【知识拓展】英语注重以事实讲道理，说理少，例证多。学会从具体事实中总结作者的观点、意见、态度、看法是英语阅读常见技巧，也是命题的常用思路，能有效检验读者的理解程度。因此，学会边阅读、边思考、边概括是阅读的常态。

64． Which of the following statements can tell us that the author was then a deaf, blind girl?

A．The world she lived in was still and dark.

B．In the world in which she lived, there was no tenderness. C．She was like a ship at sea in a dense fog.

D．The word “light” was the wordless cry of her soul.

正确答案：A

解析： 语义推理。第二段讲的是莎莉文老师试图通过让她把doll的拼写与实物联系起来，从而形成语义三角关系：词汇形式(语音或书写形式)——物体——(大脑中的)概念，而她没法理解其意图，却被一遍一遍的尝试惹恼了，将手中的玩偶摔在地上。根据本段“In the still，dark world in which I lived，there was no strong sentiment or tenderness”可知，她听不见也看不见，故选A。【知识拓展】认知通过心理活动(如形成概念、知觉、判断或想象)获取知识，是个体认识客观世界的信息加工活动。人每天接收到的信息，百分之九十以上来自视觉。没有这个感官，要认识世界的难度可想而知，尤其对于一个一岁多刚刚需要学会认知技能的人来讲。因此，这道题不仅考查读者的阅读技巧，也考查对于认知的理解，以及同理心(empathy)。

65． The author dashed the doll to______.

A．see if her teacher would get angry at her behavior

B．express her impatience at her teacher’s repeated attempts C．hope that her mother would come to help her D．show a strong dislike of the new doll

正确答案：B

解析： 细节识别。根据第二段“I became impatient at her repeated attempts and，seizing the new doll，I dashed it upon the floor”可知，她不耐烦了，故选B。【知识拓展】本题看似简单，找到原句即可，其实题干隐藏着一个考点，dash的用法。作动词用时，它除了表示“快跑，猛冲”之外，还可表示“猛撞，使……破灭”。如果按照第一个意思理解，还可能和最后一段的拼接玩偶相联系。因此，严谨审阅题干是非常必要的。

66． The author’s attitude toward breaking the doll changed from______. A．delight to disgust B．sorrow to joy

C．anger to understanding D．pleasure to regret

正确答案：D

解析： 细节识别。第二段“I was keenly delighted when I felt the fragments of the broken doll at my feet”是刚刚摔了玩偶时的心理感受，第四段“Then my eyes filled with tears；for I realized what I had done，and for the first time I felt repentance and sorrow”表明了心理变化，故选D。【知识拓展】本题除了考查读者准确定位所需信息外，也考查读者的词汇和概括能力。近义表述对于理解和判断非常重要，如keenly delighted与pleasure，repentance and sorrow与regret。其中，repentance(后悔)也许对一些读者是生词，但并列的sorrow可以提供理解线索。所以根据语境猜词也是近义表述的一项技能。

67． Which of the following statements would the author agree with? A．Children need learning to help shape their life.

B．Learning can free a person from the barriers they encounter. C．Without language, humans tend to feel angry and bitter.

D．People who want to overcome their flaws must be open to learning.

正确答案：B

解析： 细节识别。根据第三段最后一句“That living word awakened my soul，gave it light，hope，joy，set it free! There were barriers still，it is true，but barriers that could in time be swept away”可知，这个活生生的词唤醒了她的灵魂，赋予它光明、希望、乐趣和自由!诚然，还存在不少障碍，但随着时间的推移，这些障碍是可以清除的。这里的“活生生的词”表示语言的学习，因此，选项B符合句意。【知识拓展】从题干分析，本题应属论点概括题，但选项B里的关键词barriers提示了原文的具体位置，类似细节识别类题型，这样，就可以根据这个关键词找到原文，再比较哪个选项与原文表述的观点最接近。本题表明：根据题干和选项的关键词快速定位原文表达是提高阅读效率的有效途径。

68． The difference between the author’s experiences of imitation and understanding can be characterized as the difference between______.

A．truth and mystery

B．childhood and maturity

C．memorization and comprehension D．pride and humility

正确答案：C

解析： 比较判断。作者对于finger play(用手指拼写)一开始觉得有趣，只是模仿，直到后来，当自来水流过手指间，老师再次给她拼写water时，她突然顿悟，手里写的词指水。即实物“水”和单词water在大脑中建立起了概念联系。这个学习过程与视觉和听觉都正常的人通过看词形、听读音把实体联系起来构成概念一样，都是通过语言理解世界的。因此，选项C正确。【知识拓展】本题比较了两种不同的认知方式：自然的和受限的认知方式。人有五种感觉：视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。当视觉和听觉受限时，认知会遭遇严重障碍，只能借助仅剩的三个感觉。而要学习语言，触觉最为重要。所以通过模仿拼写，懂得词义，这一过程与常人通过记忆拼写形式和读音进行理解是类似的。即两种认知方式进

行了类比。

69． On returning to the hearth, which of the following did the author fail to do? A．She picked up the pieces of the broken doll. B．She put the broken pieces together. C．She realized what she had done wrong. D．She felt repentance and sorrow.

正确答案：B

解析： 细节识别。第四段“I tried vainly to put them together”专门讨论了这个问题，其中，vainly是非常关键的表达，表示她尽力想把它们拼好，可是再也拼不起来了。

70． The passage may be taken from______. A．an autobiography of a deaf and blind girl B．an experience of a kind and patient teacher

C．an illustration of learning language by hand spelling

D．an example of good relationship between teacher and student

正确答案：A

解析： 来源推理。题干要求推理文章的来源，原文提供的根据有：文章使用的是第一人称I，使用的时态是过去时，内容包括事后总结、评价及自我反省。因此，可以推断，文章来自作者自传。【知识拓展】判断文章出处，需要借助原文提供的线索。自传是一般记述自己的生平事迹，以个人记忆为主。主要内容有生平、思想演变过程，回忆、想象等，这些要素在原文都有迹可循，因此，比较容易判断。

Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing as purification, medicine and religion were inextricably linked for centuries. This notion is apparent in the origin of our word “pharmacy, “ which comes from the Greek pharmakon, meaning “purification through purging.” By 3500 B.C., the Sumerians in the Tigris-Euphrates Valley had developed virtually all of our modern methods of administering drugs. They used gargles, inhalations, pills, lotions, ointments, and plasters. The first drug catalog, or pharmacopoeia, was written at that time by an unknown Sumerian physician. Preserved in cuneiform script on a single clay tablet are the names of dozens of drugs to treat ailments that still afflict us today. The Egyptians added to the ancient medicine chest. The Ebers papyrus, a scroll dating from the 1900 B.C. and named after the German Egyptologist George Ebers, reveals the trial-and-error know-how acquired by early Egyptian physicians. To relieve indigestion, a chew of peppermint leaves and carbonates (known today as antacids) was prescribed, and to numb the pain of tooth extraction, Egyptian doctors temporarily stupefied a patient with ethyl alcohol. The scroll also provides a rare glimpse into the hierarchy of ancient drug preparation. The “chief of the preparers of drugs” was the equivalent of a head pharmacist, who supervised the “collectors of

drugs, “ field workers who gathered essential minerals and herbs. The “preparers’ aides, “ (technicians) dried and pulverized ingredients, which were blended according to certain formulas by the “preparers.” And the “conservator of drugs” oversaw the storehouse where local and imported mineral, herb and animal-organ ingredients were kept. By the 7th century B.C., the Greeks had adopted a sophisticated mind-body view of medicine. They believed the physician must pursue the diagnosis and treatment of the physical (body) causes of disease within a scientific framework, as well as cure the supernatural (mind) components involved. Thus, the early Greek physician emphasized something of a holistic approach to health, even if the suspected “mental” causes of disease were not recognized as stress and depression, but interpreted as curses from displeased deities. The modern era of pharmacology began in the 16th century, ushered in by the first major discoveries in chemistry. The understanding of how chemicals interact to produce certain effects within the body would eventually remove much of the guesswork and magic from medicine. Drugs had been launched on a scientific course, but centuries would pass before superstition was displaced by scientific fact. One major reason was that physicians, unaware of the existence of disease-causing pathogens, continued to dream up imaginary causative evils. And though new chemical compounds emerged, their effectiveness in treating disease was still based largely on trial and error. Many standard, common drugs in the medicine chest were developed in this trial-and-error environment. Such is the complexity of disease and human biochemistry that even today, despite enormous strides in medical science, many of the latest sophisticated additions to our medicine chest shelves were accidental finds.

71． The author cites the Greek word “pharmakon” underlined in Paragraph 1 to______.

A．stress the mental and physical causes of disease B．emphasize the early nature of Greek medical science

C．point out that many of the beliefs of early man are still held today

D．illustrate that early man thought healing illness was linked to purification

正确答案：D

解析： 细节识别。第一段第一句“early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing as purification”提出一个过去的观念，然后解释道“pharmakon，meaning ‘purification through purging’”，所以pharmakon是用来举例说明上述观点的，故选D。【知识拓展】在“pharmakon，meaning‘purification through purging’”表述中，purification through purging是对pharmakon的解释，有meaning，相当于一个非限定性的定语从句(如which means…)；如果没有meaning，则是同位语从句。二者都是对pharmakon的解释。阅读时可以利用这样的语法关系理清前后表述的关系，帮助理解原文。

72． It is possible to identify a number of early Sumerian drugs because______. A．a European pharmacopoeia contained detailed recipes for ancient drugs

B．a list of drugs was written by an unknown Sumerian physician C．the ancient Egyptians adopted the same medications

D．Sumerian religious books explained many drug-making techniques

正确答案：B

解析： 细节识别。第二段第一句“早在公元前3500年，幼发拉底河一底格里斯河流域的苏美尔人就已经研发出现代的几乎所有的用药方法”为主题句，然后“the first drug catalog，or pharmacopoeia，was written at that time by an unknown Sumerian physician”进行证明，故选B。【知识拓展】从写作逻辑(段落逻辑)看，本段属于主题句——论证结构，即下文是对主题句的证明，经常采用例证。题干要求找出能够识别(identify)或证明早期苏美尔人药学的可能性的原因(或证据)，其所写药物名录(a list of drugs)就是最好的例证。

73． According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is a similarity between ancient Sumerian drugs and modern drugs?

A．Like modern drugs, ancient Sumerian drugs were used for both mental and physical diseases.

B．Both Sumerian drugs and modern drugs are products of complicated chemical research.

C．The way patients could take drugs is the same.

D．The ancient Sumerian drugs were made of the same chemicals as the modern drugs.

正确答案：C

解析： 论点概括。第二段第一句话“By 3500 B． C．，the Sumerians in the Tigris-Euphrates Valley had developed virtually all of our modern methods of administering drugs”为主题句，即整个段落的要点，其余部分都是围绕整个论点展开论述、论证的。本题考查读者对关键词methods和administering drugs的理解，即“用药方法”，故选C。

74． Which of the following is NOT cited as a characteristic of ancient Egyptian medicine?

A．The use of trial and error. B．A workplace hierarchy. C．Animal-organ ingredients. D．Ointments.

正确答案：D

解析： 错误排除。古埃及人用药出现在第三段。根据本段内容可知，只有ointments没有提到，它出现在第二段，是苏美尔人的药物。【知识拓展】错误排除属于正误判断的一种，需要一一查对原文，根据原文把提到的选项一一排除，剩下的就是需要的答案。这类题只需两步即可：在文章中准确定位问题提到的内容；根据原文一一排除选项。

75． The 7th-century Greek’s view of medicine differed from that of the Sumerians as the Greeks______.

A．developed most of the preparations of modern drugs B．established a hierarchy for the preparation of drugs

C．adopted both the mental and physical root causes of illness D．discovered more advanced chemical applications of drugs

正确答案：C

解析： 比较判断。希腊人的医学观念出现在第四段。本段第一句“the Greeks had adopted a sophisticated mind-body view of medicine”是主题句，已经点明了其不同于他者的特点，其关键词为mind-body view。为了证明这一点，接下来的“They believed the physician must pursue the diagnosis and treatment of…physical…supernatural…”进行了详细的阐述，即从生理、心理两个渠道寻找病源。【知识拓展】比较判断一般有细节判断和要点判断两种。本题虽可以依赖要点基本可以判断二者的异同，但要基于确凿证据，则必须在原文中找到细节，如本题“解析”所示。

76． The word “holistic” underlined in Paragraph 4 means______. A．modern

B．comprehensive C．psychological D．logical

正确答案：B

解析： 词义界定。假设holistic为生词，需要从语境来判断词义。根据“Thus，the early Greek physician emphasized something of a holistic approach to health…”中的Thus可知，本句与前一句存在因果关系。再看前一句发现，早期希腊人是从physical(body)和supernatural(mind)两方面判断病因的，因此holistic大意为全面的、整体的、综合的，故选B。【知识拓展】阅读理解中经常需要猜测生词词义，常用线索有定义和说明词义的同位语或定语，构词规律，阅读材料中的举例，文中的同义词或重述表达、对比关系、并列关系、因果关系等。本题即根据阅读材料中的因果关系猜得词义。

77． What does the word “pathogens” underlined in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Disorders. B．Viruses. C．Antibiotics. D．Injections.

正确答案：B

解析： 词义界定。医学词汇对于普通读者而言都比较陌生。要猜测pathogen的词义，有两个方法：构词规律和语境。从构词来看，前缀patho-意思是疾病，后缀-gen意思是出生，生殖。前后缀合起来的意思是生病的根源，即病

原体，病菌。如果读者不懂得这种构词猜词法，还可以依赖语境。本段第二句提到现代医学之所以发达是因为了解了化学药品(俗称西药)在体内产生的效果，而这样的发现经过数个世纪，换言之，以前的医生不懂得致病的(disease-causing)真正根源(pathogens)。四个选项中，只有B(病毒)符合语境意义，因此是正确选项。

78． In the last paragraph, the author makes the observation about scientific discovery that______.

A．chance events have led to the discovery of many modern drugs B．trial and error is the best way to scientific discovery

C．most of the important discoveries have been made inattentively D．many cures for common diseases have yet to be discovered

正确答案：A

解析： 语义推理。题干问的是作者对于科学发现的看法，而最后一段最后一句的总结是“despite enormous strides in mescal science，many of the latest sophisticated additions to our medicine chest shelves were accidental finds”，其中关键词为accidental finds，即意外发现，这与选项A中的chance events的语义相一致，因此答案为A。【知识拓展】语义推理通常需要抓住核心词汇来构建语义。本题选项A中的核心词汇为chance events，其中chance为形容词，表示“意外，偶然发生”，如a chance encounter，“邂逅”。同理，原文accidental finds中的find为名词，表示“有价值的发现，幸运的发现”，如His discovery was hailed as the botanical find of the century(他的发现被誉为本世纪植物学的大发现)。

79． The passage indicates that advances in medical science during the modern era of pharmacology might have been delayed by______.

A．an inaccuracy in pharmacy preparation

B．a lack of good understanding of the origins of diseases C．an overemphasis on the mental causes of diseases D．a shortage of chemical treatment of disease

正确答案：B

解析： 归因推理。题干问的是医学进步迟缓的原因。现代医学进步出现在最后一段，根据“Drugs had been launched on a scientific course，but centuries would pass before superstition was displaced by scientific fact．One major reason was that physicians，unaware of the existence of disease-causing pathogens，continued to dream up imaginary causative evils”可知，导致医学进步缓慢的主要原因之一是医生没有意识到存在致病的病原体(pathogens)，即选项B所说的the origins of diseases。【知识拓展】本题题干有两个语法现象值得重视：indicates是一般现在时，问的是原文隐含的观点；might have been delayed用的好像是虚拟语气，但这里其实针对的是原文中的one major reason，所以意思是“可能是……”，是一种委婉表达。这给选择判断设置了一些障碍。不过反观原文，与原因有关的表达就是“解析”部分所列句子，基于此，原因分析就比较清楚了。

80． Which of the following can be the title of the passage? A．The Greek Medical History

B．The Egyptian Pharmacological History C．The Origin of Medicine

D．Development of Modern Medication

正确答案：C

解析： 补充标题。标题一般用来标明文章、作品等的内容，目的是使读者了解到文章的主要内容和主旨。回顾原文各段落发现：第一段讲早期人类对疾病的认识；第二段是苏美尔人公元前3500年的用药成就；第三段可追溯到公元前1900年的古埃及人的药典及医学进步；第四段是公元七世纪希腊的医学进步；第五段为现代医学大发展及局限。从年代可以看出，本文的主要内容是医学史，所以只有C符合要旨。【知识拓展】补充标题类题型比较高效的做法是浏览各段落的主题句(多数是各段落第一句)，然后概括其内容。当然，如果读者在阅读过程中对文章的主旨大意已了然于胸，则可直接进行概括。

Imagine being asked to spend 12 or so years of your life in a society which consisted only of members of your own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong with you, you wouldn’t be too happy about it, to say the least. It is all the more surprising therefore that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their children — conditions which they themselves wouldn’t put up with for one minute! Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing children’s heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of education is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock. A coeducational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other and to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement and in many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is (to give just a small example) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense coeducation makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girls or vice versa! When segregated, boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a coeducational school, everything falls into its proper place. But perhaps the greatest contribution of coeducation is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys don’t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures — airy goddesses, more like fairy tale book illustrations, than human beings. Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind. There are no goddesses with freckles, pigtails, piercing voices and inky fingers. There are no romantic heroes with knobby knees, dirty fingernails and unkempt hair. The

awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. These can more easily be overcome in a coeducational environment. Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation. This is hardly possible under a coeducational system. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.

81． We can learn from the first paragraph that______. A．many children prefer to study in segregated schools B．it is abnormal to go to a coeducational school C．the author is against segregated schools D．parents like segregated schools

正确答案：C 解析： 作者态度。第一段“a society which consisted only of members of your own sex；so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their children”有两个关键提示，首先说明单一性别社会不是人们乐见的，然后话锋一转，很多家长强迫子女忍受这样的条件，而该条件是“畸形的(abnormal)”，因此作者态度很清楚，反对单一性别学校。

82． The tone of the author is______. A．straightforward B．mild

C．indifferent D．pessimistic

正确答案：A

解析： 写作风格。上题的线索清楚表明，作者写作是直言不讳的，因此A是正确选项。【知识拓展】写作风格大致有乐观向上(optimistic)、消极悲观(pessimistic)、含蓄委婉(mild)、精致细腻(exquisite)、事不关己(indifferent)、热情洋溢(enthusiastic)、简洁明快(straightforward)、清新秀丽(delicate)、咄咄逼人(aggressive)等。

83． According to the text, one major goal of education is to______. A．let students acquire knowledge

B．equip future citizens with technology

C．equip a fulure citizen with what is required in getting a position in society D．let students score academic achievements

正确答案：C

解析： 细节识别。第二段“One of the chief aims of education is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society”清楚说明了教

育的主要目标，本句all they require对应选项C的what is required；take their place对应getting a position，因此可以准确判断正确选项为C。【知识拓展】细节识别题可以通过关键词(如本题的one major goal)进行扫读(scanning)，扫描到有关的地方后，结合选项进行比对，从而比较快地找到准确答案。

84． Students from a segregated school may find it______to enter society. A．interesting B．shocking C．easy

D．acceptable

正确答案：B 解析： 逻辑推理。根据第二段最后一句“Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock”可知，既然一般隔离造成的结果是任何人进入社会后都会受到冲击(shock)，那么隔离学校毕业的学生当然也不会例外。【知识拓展】从一般推及个别的细节识别题带有语义推理性质，是常见的命题思路。本题中，anyone是一般，students是个别，即大前提成立，小前提成立，结论必然成立，是基本的三段论逻辑。

85． What can coeducation provide to children? A．Skills about getting on well with each other. B．A true model of the real society. C．A real life.

D．A true picture of social conditions.

正确答案：B 解析： 细节识别。根据第三段第一句“A coeducational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature”可知，男女合校给孩子们提供的恰恰是真正社会的缩影。本句的version与选项B的model是近义词，故选B。

86． Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of coeducation? A．Learning from each other.

B．Acquiring a better understanding of each other. C．Playing due roles in performance. D．Teaching each other academically.

正确答案：D

解析： 错误排除。题干的关键词是benefit of coeducation，所以需要从原文找到相应表述。第三段第二句“Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other and to learn to live together…the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls”开始讲述男女合校的好处，只有选项D没有提到，故可以排除。

87． The word “rivalry” underlined in Paragraph 3 means______. A．friendliness B．hatred

C．partnership D．competition

正确答案：D

解析： 词义界定。假设rivalry对部分读者是生词，本题也有两种方法界定词义。第一种根据构词，rivalry=rival+ry构成，rival更常见，其意为是“竞争，对手”，加上后缀-ry变成了名词“竞争”，与选项D契合。第二种方法是根据语境猜词。根据“What nonsense coeducation makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girls or vice versa!When segregated，boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart．Rivalry between the sexes is fostered”可知，有观点认为男孩子比女孩子聪明，或女孩子比男孩子聪明，所以不宜合校，这完全是胡说八道。当男女分校后，孩子们觉得彼此非我族类，从而滋生了性别间的竞争。这样看来，至少不是友好合作关系，即排除了选项A和C；但也不至于造成性别仇恨(选项B)，于是大致猜得其意为D。

88． Why do boys and girls in coeducational schools have no illusions about each other?

A．They live together and know each other well.

B．Years of living together at school dismiss such illusions.

C．Coeducation encourages them to show a healthy attitude toward life. D．They are familiar with each other’s weaknesses.

正确答案：B

解析： 细节识别。根据最后一段“Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind”可知，是在学校一起生活多年消除了这种错觉，故选B。

89． The word “unkempt” underlined in the last paragraph refers to______hair. A．long B．dirty C．untidy D．greasy

正确答案：C

解析： 词义界定。同样有两种办法得知词义。第一种依然是构词规律：unkempt=un+kempt，kempt本义为“梳理过的，整洁的”，加上否定意义的前缀un-，意为“乱蓬蓬的，不整洁的”。第二种还是需要依赖语境推导。根据“There are no romantic heroes with knobby knees，dirty fingernails and unkempt hair”可知，一般人想象中，男生的头发可能是脏兮兮的(选项B)，可能是不整洁的(选项C)，甚至是油腻腻的(选项D)。但是本句重要的语义限定为romantic heroes，既然是浪漫英雄，自然不宜肮脏油腻，故可以确定答案为C。

90． It can be inferred from the passage that______. A．only coeducation can bring harmony to society

B．people begin to realize the importance of coeducation C．coeducation is superior to segregated education D．coeducation has many features

正确答案：C

解析： 语义推理。这类题可通过总结和推导(infer)各段内容得知答案。第一、二段重点强调男女分校的不合理原因和不利结果；第三、四段侧重男女合校的各种好处，中间还穿插了分校、合校的利弊得失。由此判断，本文作者认为男女合校优于分校，即选项C。【知识拓展】推导题可以直接通过阅读全文概括。如果不够确定，可以通过段落主题句概括；如果还有疑问，则需要在正文中寻找线索。不过一般而言，在读完全文后，作者的基本态度是可以总结出来的，除非有些阅读材料表达的比较隐晦、委婉，就需要通过语义阐释来推导。

PART 3 Cloze Test (20 points)In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put each of the blanks the missing word. The time for this part is 20 minutes.

Inspiring, chic and effortlessly elegant — that’s what designers at London Fashion Week hailed Kate Middleton’s style, as her sartorial choices could prove a potential stimulus to Britain’s clothing industry. Middleton graced magazine covers after she announced her engagement【C1】______Britain’s Prince William and her wedding was watched by【C2】______ of people around the world, with many eagerly watching her bridal【C3】______.With all eyes【C4】______her wardrobe, dresses sold【C5】______ hours after she wore them as women seek to copy her【C6】______. The Duchess Effect — the【C7】______ economic impact of Kate Middleton’s fashion choices, 【C8】______ from her new title, “the Duchess of Cambridge.”“The Duchess Effect appears to extend much【C9】______ than the economic impact of Kate’s fashion choices; this year the fashion landscape seems to be a【C10】______, more accessible place with the styles more colorful, 【C11】______ and graceful than we’ve observed in many years, “ said the Global Language Monitor’s fashion expert Bekka Payack. The Duchess can sell out a fashion line in 24 hours just by wearing a dress or sweater from a 【C12】______ store at a public event. Indeed, her style choices have【C13】______ a more feminine look all round in fashion. London-【C14】______ designers were full of praise for her. “I think she’s brilliant, she’s brilliant for England. Perfect, perfect future Queen, she’s elegant, she knows how to 【C15】______ herself.” Said Alice Temperley, whose white dress Middleton【C16】______watching the tennis at Wimbledon【C17】______ this year. That dress also【C18】______sold out online after Middleton wore it.”There’s nothing【C19】______ or vulgar about her, “ U.S. Vogue editor Anna Wintour has been quoted as saying. “She dresses her【C20】______and never looks out of place.”

91． 【C1】

正确答案：D

解析： 本题考点为词语搭配。名词与介词、动词与介词以及动词与动名词或动词不定式的搭配，是完形填空题考核的一个要点。 (1)句式分析。 原句中，and将两个分句连接在一起。在第一个分句中，after she announced her engagement______Britain’s Prince William是时间状语从句。其中，she是主语，announced是谓语，her engagement是宾语，______Britain’s Prince William是宾语补足语。engagement to sb．意为”与某人订婚”，故此处填to。 (2)句意判断。 通读全文可知，这是一篇关于英国威廉王子的王妃凯特的文章。第一段是主题句，表明凯特王妃的穿衣风格引领了英国的时尚，从而引出第二段第一句凯特王妃亮相杂志封面的时间，“自从米德尔顿去年宣布和英国威廉王子订婚之后就开始频频出现在杂志封面上”。

92． 【C2】

正确答案：B

解析： 本题考点为语境推理与词语搭配。语境推理是完形填空的重要策略，词语搭配是完形填空的重要考点。 (1)句式分析。 原句是由and连接在一起的两个并列句。第二个分句her wedding was watched by．．．使用了被动态的过去式，her wedding是主语，was watched是谓语，by______of people around the world是watch这个动作的发出者。 (2)句意判断。 本文第一段是主题句，表明英国时尚界盛赞凯特王妃的穿衣风格，并说她的穿衣风格引领了英国的时尚。第二段第一句表明凯特王妃与威廉王子订婚后频频亮相杂志封面。由此判断，该句意为“她的婚礼吸引了全世界数百万人的目光”。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：表示数量的修饰词。 ①用在可数名词前的有a(an)，some，a few, many，a great number of, a great many，lots of。 ②用在不可数名词前的有some，a little，much，a great deal of, a lot of。 ③限定词修饰可数名词复数的有both，all，these，those，one off，(a)few, quite a few, several，a great number of, a great many, many, different，all kinds of以及大于或等于2的基数词等。 ④限定词修饰可数名词的单数的有this，that，the only, the same，such a／an，many a／an，one，either, neither, every, each，序数词等。 ⑤限定词修饰不可数名词的有(a)little，much，a great deal of, quite a little，only a little，a large quantity of等。

93． 【C3】

正确答案：D

解析： 本题考点为词义辨析。 (1)句式分析。 原句中，and将两个分句连接在一起。第二个分句使用了被动态的过去时，by______of people around the world是watch这个动作的发出者，with many eagerly watching…是with的复合结构作状语，其中her bridal(新娘的，婚礼的)______作watching的宾语，所以此空格处所填应该是名词。 (2)句意判断。 根据前半句“her wedding was watched by．．．of people…”可知，“with many eagerly watching her bridal______”意为“许多人都热切期盼着一睹她的新娘礼服”。 (3)词义辨析。 A．blouse

n．(女士)短上衣，衬衣

B．jacket n．夹克衫，短衬衣 C．coat n．外套，大衣

D．gown n．(尤指特别场合穿的)女裙，女士礼服

94． 【C4】

正确答案：A 解析： 本题考点为词语搭配。 (1)句式分析。 原句是个复杂句，dresses sold…hours是主句，With all eyes______her wardrobe是with的复合结构with+名词+介词短语，作状语，可见，此处应该填一个介词，表示“所有人的眼睛都盯在……上”的意思，故填on。 (2)句意判断。 根据语境，该句意为“由于凯特的衣着打扮成了众人瞩目的焦点，每款衣服一经她穿过就在几小时内售罄，因为女人们都争相模仿她的穿衣风格”。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展。 与eyes相关的搭配有an eye for an eye(a tooth for a tooth)以眼还眼，以牙还牙；with your eyes’open明知，心中有数；with your eyes shut／closed轻车熟路，毫不费力；under the eyes of sb．在某人的监视下；keep sb．／sth．out of the public eye使……远离公众视线／保持隐秘；see eye to eye with sb．on sth．与某人就某事看法一致。

95． 【C5】

正确答案：C

解析： 本题考点为词语搭配。动词与介词、动词与副词、名词与介词的搭配是完形填空的重要考点。 (1)句式分析。 原句是个复杂句，dresses sold______hours after she wore them…是主句，after she wore them…是时间状语从句。在主句中，dresses是主语，sold______是谓语，可见，sold后搭配的是一个副词，表示“卖光了，售罄”的意思。故此处填out。另外，从最后一段倒数第二句That dress also sold out online…也可验证此处应填out。 (2)句意判断。 根据上文可知，凯特王妃的穿衣风格成为英国时尚的风向标。因此，本句意为“由于凯特的衣着打扮成了众人瞩目的焦点，每款衣服一经她穿过就在几小时内售罄”。

96． 【C6】

正确答案：B

解析： 本题考点为词语重复。关键性词汇的重复是句内衔接的重要手段。此外，同义词、近义词、反义词的使用及平行结构的使用也是句内衔接的重要手段。 (1)句式分析。 原句是个复杂句，dresses sold…hours是主句，as women seek to copy her______是原因状语从句。在该从句中，women是主语，seek是谓语，to copy her______是宾语，故此处应填名词。 (2)句意判断。 前文一直在谈论凯特王妃的服饰，她所穿过的衣服款式都会销售一空，说明妇女们都在模仿她的穿衣风格。结合上下文可断定，该句意为“因为女人们都争相模仿她的穿衣风格”。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展。 ①与manner相关的搭配：all manners

of sb．／sth．各种各样的人或事；in the manner of sb．／sth．以某人(某事)的典型风格。 ②与style相关的搭配：style sth．／yourself on sth．／sb．模仿……的风格(=copy the style)。 ③与gesture相关的搭配：gesture to sb．to do sth．示意某人做某事。 ④与feature相关的搭配：feature sb．／sth．as sb．／sth．以……作为……的特色。

97． 【C7】

正确答案：A 解析： 本题考点为语境推理。语境推理是解答完形填空的重要策略。 (1)句式分析。 原句中，The Duchess Effect是主语，破折号后的部分the______economic impact of Kate Middleton…作同位语，解释说明“公爵夫人效应”这个名词。此处应该填一个形容词，与economic一起修饰impact。 (2)句意判断。 第一段表明凯特王妃的穿衣风格成为英国时尚界的风向标，将刺激英国的服装业的发展。第二段前半部分表明女性都在模仿她的穿衣风格。由此可知，凯特王妃对英国经济产生了积极影响。因而，此句意为“‘公爵夫人效应’指凯特-米德尔顿的时尚穿衣品味对经济产生的积极影响”。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：同位语与破折号的用法。 ①同位语：当一个名词或其他形式(形容词、分词、数词、从句等)跟在另一个名词或代词后面，对其进行解释、说明或限定，这个名词或其他形式就是同位语。同位语与其说明的先行词的格一致，所指相同，句法功能也相同。 e．g．Mrs．John，our new boss，is very kind to us． 我们的新老板约翰太太对我们很好。 My father read all kinds of books，ancient and modern，Chinese and foreign． 我父亲读过各种各样的古今中外的书籍。 ②破折号用在一个解释性分句或句子前，如It’s an environmental issue．一That’s not a small matter(这事关环境保护，不是件小事)；用在一个解释性插入语前后(相当于一个括号)，如At the meeting--I must have been insane—I decided I would go to see him(我开会时决定去看他，我准是疯了)；表示意思的突然转折，如“I can go to see him一”said Lily, “but he should first apologize to me”(莉莉说：“我可以去看他，不过他先得跟我道歉”)。

98． 【C8】

正确答案：C

解析： 本题考点为词义辨析。 (1)句式分析。 原句中，The Duchess Effect是主语，破折号后的部分the…economic impact of…作同位语，谓语是______from，her new title作宾语，the Duchess of Cambridge作her new title的同位语。可见，本句所缺少的是谓语动词。而谓语动词与from搭配，表示“来自于……，来源于……”。 (2)句意判断。 根据上下文可知，此句意为“‘公爵夫人效应’这一说法来源于凯特王妃的新头衔‘剑桥公爵夫人’”。

99． 【C9】

正确答案：D

解析： 本题考点为比较级的用法。 (1)句式分析。 原句虽长却是个

简单句，用much______than的比较形式，比较The Duchess Effect与the economic impact of Kate’s fashion choices。much用来修饰比较级，这里要填入的比较级形式修饰extend(拓展，延伸)，因此，此处需要填入的是副词的比较级。 (2)句意判断。 依据上下文，此句意为“公爵夫人效应远远比凯特的时尚选择带来的经济效应影响更为深远”。

100． 【C10】

正确答案：A

解析： 本题考点为词义辨析。 (1)句式分析。 原句使用了比较结构more…than，对比今年与往年的时尚。to be a______，more accessible place作主语的补语，从more accessible，more colorful…．and graceful than可知，不定冠词a后应该是一个形容词的比较级，a______和more accessible是place修饰语。 (2)句意判断。 依据上下文，此句意为“与往年相比，今年时尚界看起来前景更好，更加贴近大众，风格更加绚丽多彩，更女性化，也更优雅”。

101． 【C11】

正确答案：C

解析： 本题考点为词义辨析。 (1)句式分析。 原句的主语是the fashion landscape，to be a…，more accessible place是主语的补语，with the styles more colorful，______and graceful是with的复合结构，作状语。more colorful，______and graceful是三个并列在一起的多音节形容词的比较级。colorful和graceful都是褒义词，因而，本题要填入的形容词也一定是褒义词。 (2)句意判断。 根据上下文，该句意为“与往年相比，今年时尚界看起来前景更好，更加贴近大众，风格更加绚丽多彩，更女性化，也更优雅”。 (3)词义辨析。 A．modest adj.谦虚的，(尤指妇女或其衣着)庄重的，朴素的

B．womanish adj．(尤指男性)娘娘腔的，更适合女性的 C．feminine adj.(气质和外貌)女性特有的，女性的 D．arrogant adj.傲慢的，自大的

102． 【C12】

正确答案：A

解析： 本题考点为词义辨析。 (1)句式分析。 原句中，Duchess作主语，can sell out作谓语，a fashion line作宾语，in 24 hours just by wearing…from a______store…作状语，其中“by wearing a dress or sweater from a ______store”作方式状语。 (2)句意判断。 依据上下文，本句意为”即使公爵夫人穿着从零售店买的裙子或毛衣参加公共活动，同款的衣服24小时内就可能被抢购一空”。买衣服肯定是去商场或零售店，故此空应填retail。 【知识拓展】(1)词汇拓展。 表示“商店、商场、店”的词：department store，mall，whole sell store，market，bazaar, emporium，commercial port，shopping center, market place，shoemaker, tailoring，shop，supermarket，clothing store，furniture shop，convenience store等。 (2)语法拓展：上义词(hypernym)与下义词(hyponym)。 上义词是

对事物进行概括性、抽象性说明的词；下义词则是说明事物的具体表现形式的词。上义词是笼统词汇，下义词是具体词汇。如flower(花)是上义词，下义词则包括rose(玫瑰花)，lily(百合花)，lotus(荷花)，daffodil(水仙花)，carnation(康乃馨)，chrysanthemum(菊花)等。而当rose是上义词时，下义词则包括red rose(红玫瑰)，yellow rose(黄玫瑰)和white rose(白玫瑰)。

103． 【C13】

正确答案：A

解析： 本题考点为词义辨析。近义词、形近词、同义词和反义词及其用法辨析，是完形填空的一种重要考点。平时需积累近义词、形近词、同义词和反义词，并辨析其用法的不同。 (1)句式分析。 原句中，her style choices作主语，have______作谓语，a more feminine look作宾语。时态为现在完成时(have done)。 (2)句意判断。 本文从一开始就在讲凯特王妃的穿衣风格对英国乃至全世界女性的影响。由此可知，该句意为“她的穿衣风格影响了整个时尚圈，使整个时尚圈变得更加有女人味”。

104． 【C14】

正确答案：B

解析： 本题考点为词义辨析。 (1)句式分析。 原句中，London-______designers作主语，full of praise for her作表语。此处所填的过去分词与London构成复合词，用来修饰designers。 (2)句意判断。 本文第一段表明，伦敦的设计师们盛赞凯特王妃的穿衣风格，全篇都是溢美之词。可见，本句意为“伦敦的设计师们对凯特王妃赞誉有加”。

105． 【C15】

正确答案：B

解析： 本题考点为词义辨析。 (1)句式分析。 原句she knows how to herself是简单句，she作主语，knows作谓语，how to herself是特殊疑问词+动词不定式，作宾语。 (2)句意判断。 依据上下文，此句意为“她知道如何举止得体”。

106． 【C16】

正确答案：A

解析： 本题考点为词语重复。关键性词汇的重复是句内衔接的重要手段。此外，同义词、近义词、反义词的使用及平行结构的使用也是句内衔接的重要手段。 (1)句式分析。 原句为复杂句，whose white dress Middleton______watching…this year为whose引导的一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为Alice Temperley，从句中Middleton为主语，whose white dress是宾语，此处缺少一个谓语动词，此动词与dress搭配。由第二段中的句子dresses sold…after she wore them和The Duchess can sell out…by wearing a dress or sweater…与

本句话后的句子that dress…Middleton wore it可知，此处应填wore。 (2)句意判断。 依据上下文，此句意为“今年早些时候米德尔顿曾身穿坦波丽设计的白色长裙去观看温布尔顿网球赛”。

107． 【C17】

正确答案：B

解析： 本题考点为语境推理。 (1)句式分析。 原句为复杂句，whose white dress…at Wimbledon______this year为whose引导的一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为Alice Temperley。在watching the tennis at Wimbledon______this year中，现在分词短语watching the tennis为状语，at Wimbledon为地点状语，this year为时间状语。 (2)句意判断。 此句意为“今年早些时候米德尔顿去观看温布尔顿网球赛”。

108． 【C18】

正确答案：C

解析： 本题考点为语境推理。 (1)句式分析。 原句是个带有时间状语从句的复杂句。That dress作主语，sold out作谓语，after Middleton wore it是时间状语从句。本题要填的是个副词，用来修饰sold out。 (2)句意判断。 从第二段中的句子dresses sold…after she wore them和The Duchess can sell out…in 24 hours…可知，这句话应是说“销售速度很快”，该句意为“这条裙子也是在米德尔顿穿过之后就迅速在网上销售一空”。

109． 【C19】

正确答案：A

解析： 本题考点为语义推理。 (1)句式分析。 原句使用了There be句型，nothing是主语，______or vulgar是平行结构，用来修饰nothing，根据or可知，本题要填入的形容词应该是vulgar(俗气的，不雅的)的近义词。 (2)句意判断。 依据下一句She dresses her…and never looks out of place可知，此句意为“她丝毫不会给人廉价或低俗的感觉”。 (3)词义辨析。 A．trashy adj．廉价的，蹩脚的

B．valuable adj．很重要的，很有用的，宝贵的 C．useful adj．实用的，有益的

D．extraordinary adj．奇怪的，不同寻常的，杰出的

110． 【C20】

正确答案：D

解析： 本题考点为语境推理及词语搭配。 (1)句式分析。 原句中，she是主语，dresses和looks并列作谓语，her______是宾语。 (2)句意判断。 文章一直在讲凯特王妃的穿衣风格时尚、优雅、得体，是英国时尚的风向标，女人们都争相模仿她的穿着，每款衣服一经她穿过就在几小时内全部卖光。由此可知，

本句意为“她的着装和年龄相称，而且看起来永远是那么得体”。