上海市兰生复旦初三英语特殊词转动词适当形式填空专练+附加卷原创首字母 解析版2018.10.4

兰生特殊词性转换专练

compete, confuse, constant, comprehension, confess concentrate, conclude, convenient, consider, connect

1. You have to be highly_____________ to do well in sport nowadays. 2. I cannot ___________the full seriousness of the matter, 3. Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of___________.

4. His fingerprints on the gun were the ___________proof of his guilt. 5. A week later, the suspect made a full ___________of his crime. 6. There is some ___________about what the right procedure should be.

7. Out of ___________for the bereaved （失去亲人）family's feeling, the newspaper did not print the story.

8. With a caravan (大篷车),you can travel at your own___________. 9. Two men have arrested in ___________with the attack.

10. Over the time, the English language is being changed___________. Keys:

1. competitive 2. comprehend 3. concentration 4. conclusive 5. confession 6. confusion 7. consideration 8. convenience 9. connection 10. constantly

动词适当形式填空

1. My purpose is _______ them a lesson. (teach)

2. Florence insisted on _______ out her decision, so they finally approved. (carry) 3. The clock ________ twelve and we realized it was time for us to leave. (strike) 4. By the time we got to the theatre, the play ______ on for 20 minutes. (be)

5. If anyone makes a contribution to _______ the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. (protect) 6. __________(compare) with coffee, tea is more widely drunk. 7. I’m new here. It is the first time I ( be ) here.

8. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost

finished. ( restore )

9. The young man insisted that he ______(do) nothing wrong and _______ (set) free.

10. The man admitted _____ (knock) down the boy in front of the post office. Keys:

to teach carrying struck had been

protecting Compared

Have been is restored do; set knocking

首字母原创改编 A

A Swedish power plant is taking reuse and recycle to the next level by burning unusable clothing instead of coal, Bloomberg reports.

Retail giant Hennes Mauritz, more c 1 known as H&M, is helping the utility transition away from coal through its moldy（发霉的）or otherwise unsalable clothing.

The multi-fuel power and heating station in Vasteras, central Sweden, is planning to be completely fossil-fuel free by 2020. It's the largest station of its kind and Sweden claims it's one of Europe’s c 2 . To kick its coal habit, the station is turning i 3 to other burnable materials including recycled wood, rubbish and yes, clothes.

Our goal is to use only renewable and recycled fuels, \"Jens Neren, head of fuel supplies at the utility company which owns and o 4 the Vasteras plant, told Bloomberg.

Johanna Dahl, head of communications for H&M in Sweden, told Bloomberg that the company allows only the burning of clothes which are no longer safe to use.

“It is our legal obligation to make sure that clothes that contain mold or do not meet the r 5 of our strict restriction on chemicals are destroyed.\" she said.

The Vasteras plant has burned around 15 tons of old H&M clothes so far this year, compared with about 400,000 tons of rubbish. Neren told Bloomberg.

Sweden has one of the world's greener energy generating systems, and has i 6 in bio-energy, solar power and electric buses. In 2015. the Scandinavian country announced an ambitious aim to become one of the first nations in the world to end its d 7 on fossil fuels. According to the Swedish government, the country has already heavily reduced its dependence on oil, which accounted for 75% of the energy supply in 1970 and now makes up a 20% share.

【答案及解析】 1. commonly

根据more以及后面的known可推断此空应填一个副词。再根据上下文，后文指我们众所周知的H&M，commonly known意为众所周知。 2. cleanest

通过one of可推测此空应填最高级。根据上下文可知，这个公司是通过燃烧一些回收利用的东西来代替煤炭发电，所以这个公司是很清洁干净的。所以可推测此空可填最干净的cleanest。 3. instead

这个发电站转向用一些可燃烧的材料来代替。instead表示代替。 4. operates

根据and这个连词可知，此空应填一个与own词性相同的词，即动词。根据上下文并结合实际，Jens Neren 是拥有并经营Vasteras工厂的燃料供应负责人，operate意为经营。注意使用三单。 5. requirements

通过the … of 可知此空应填一个名词。联系上下文，meet意为满足，此句意为含有霉菌或者不满足我们严格限定的要求的衣服要被销毁。注意单复数。 6. invested

通过has 和in可知此空应填一个动词。联系上下文，此句为这个公司在生物能、太阳能以及电动公交车方面投资了。注意时态变化。 7. dependence

通过its可知此处应填名词，结合文意可知，这个国家要成为世界上最先结束对化石燃料依赖

的国家之一。dependence意为依赖，依靠。 【词汇聚焦】

moldy adj.发霉的; 破旧的 transition n.过渡，转变，变迁 multi-fuel adj.混合燃料的 obligation n.债务; 义务，责任 bio-energy n.生物能

solar adj.太阳的，日光的; 利用太阳能的 fossil n.化石燃料 【长难句解析】

“It is our legal obligation to make sure that clothes that contain mold or do not meet the requirements of our strict restriction on chemicals are destroyed.” she said.

“我们有法律义务来确保含有霉菌或不符合在化学品上的严格要求的衣服被销毁。”她说。 【出题方向】

本文是一篇说明文，篇幅较长，生词较少，比较容易理解。文章讲的是瑞典一家发电厂通过燃烧不能用的衣服来提高再利用和回收利用的水平。H&M公司为发电厂提供了发霉的或滞销的衣服，来帮助发电厂减少燃烧煤炭。这类文章能引起学生对环境问题的关注和思考。出题主要侧重学生的对上下文的把控和细节的理解，同时注重对语法词性变化的考察，对阅读能力有一定的要求。

B

Languages have been coming and going for t___1____ of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers，small，tightly knit (联系) groups developed their o___2____ patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke p___3____ 12, 000 languages between them.

Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the d___4___of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better c 5 in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to d__6____ and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

At present, the world has about 6, 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, w 7 hot wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1, 000; Africa 2, 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数) of speakers is mere 6,000, which that half the world's languages are s 8 by fewer people than that.

Already well over 400 of the total of 6, 800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few e____9____ speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon （eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): n 10 of these seems to have much chance of survival.

【答案及解析】 1. thousands

由第一句可知，语言已经出现发展了几千年的时间。此处考察句意，应为thousands.注意数词thousands of的变化。 2. own

由句意可知，在原始社会时期，部落各族相互发展出自己的语言体系。根据句意，此处为own. 3. perhaps

由上文可知，一些语言专家认为在世界只有四五百万人的时候，他们相互间的语言也许可能有12000多种。此处考察副词perhaps. 4. development

根据句意，近几百年来，全球贸易，工业化，以及各国间交流的发展都对语言的消失有一定的影响。根据句意，此处为名词development. 5. communications

由上文可知，随着近几百年全球化的发展和国家民族之间的交流，许多语言快要消失了。根

据句意，此处为communications,注意名词的复数。 6. disappear

根据上文提到的内容，国家民族间的交流导致语言的消失，此处考察句意，应为disappear。 7. while

根据句意，语言的中间地带是全世界大部分人使用的几种语言，而两端确是被极少数人使用的大部分语种。此处考察连词的使用，while 此处表对比。 8. spoken

根据句意，全世界语言使用者的中位数为6000，但全球一半语种使用者的数量却远没有这么多。此处考察被动语态，空为spoken. 9. elderly

由句意可知，全世界6800 个语种，已经有400多个语种接近灭亡，这些语言的使用者大多为一些老年人。此处考察固定形容词elderly的用法。 10. none

由上文可知，文中提到的几种语言都不可能存留于世，因此空处为none. 【词汇拓展】

1. industrialization (n) 工业化

Eg: Industrialization influences social usages. 工业化影响着社会的习俗。

2. compulsory (adj) 规定的; 强迫的; 义务的 Eg: In East Germany learning Russian was compulsory. 在东德，俄语是必修课。 3. dominant (adj)

Eg: In East Germany learning Russian was compulsory. 在东德，俄语是必修课。

4. uneven (adj) 不平坦的; 不规则的；不一致的 Eg: This was, for him, an oddly uneven performance. 对他而言，这场演出时好时坏，很是奇怪。 5. accounts for 占比，因为

Eg: It accounts for over 15 percent of the global seafood take. 占全球海产品量的15%以上。

6. extinction (n) 灭绝，消亡

Eg: Many species have been shot to the verge of extinction. 很多物种已经被猎杀到灭绝的边缘。 7. at random 随便地；任意地；胡乱地

Eg: She told them they would be paged at random, five times a day. 她告诉志愿者她会随机呼叫他们，每天5次。

【长难句解析】

1. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1, 000; Africa 2, 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数) of speakers is mere 6,000, which that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.

解析：欧洲的语种仅有大约200种，美洲大约1000种，亚洲和大洋洲大约为3200多种，其中巴布亚新几内亚有超过800种。全世界语言使用者的中位数为6000，但全球一半语种使用者的数量却远没有这么多。

2. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the dominant of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communication in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

解析：近几百年来，区域贸易化，工业化，民族国家间的主导，全球义务教育的普及，尤其过去几年间，全球化和国家间更好的交流等这些因素都促使很多语种开始消失。像英语，西班牙语以及汉语等几种主导语言的使用者也正逐渐增多。

【出题方向】

本文主要阐述了全球语种的发展以及当前全球许多语种面临的消失现状，以此引起人们的注意和对全球濒危语种的保护。文章按照时间顺序展开论述，说理性较强，要求学生有一定的词汇量和议论文的阅读基础，考察学生的逻辑思维和对段落的理解能力。