英语派生词归纳
英语派生词归纳
派生词(derivation) 加前缀: happy --- unhappy 加后缀: develop --- development 既加前缀又加后缀: employ ---unemployment
常见的否定前缀
英语派生词归纳
表示时间和其他关系的前缀
前 缀re-fore-pre-post-a-co-inter-mid-super-意 义
表示:再一次,重新
表示:时间或位置的“在前面”表示:在前、事先、预先表示:时间和顺序的“在后边”
用 法例 词
用于动词及派生名词名词、形
renew,续借 reborn,
容词及其它名词前(= again)
rebuild, reappear, retell加在动词或名词前(= before)
foresee, foreleg, foretell预言, foreknow预卜
prepay, prewar, 加在名词或形容词前
(=before, in front, in advance)preschool, prehistory加在名词或形容词前(= after, behind)
post-war, post-graduate
表示:在 之上, 加在动词或名词前,构成派生asleep, along, aloud, ,
alive, across向, 在里形容词、副词或介词
co-worker, coexist表示:联合、共加在名词或动词前
co-own, co-owner同
表示:“互相”、加在名词、形容词前构成动词interchange, international(= between, among)“在一起”表示:中间表示:高级、在
之上
加在名词前(= middle)加在名词前
(= above, over, upon)
midday, midnightsuperpower,超级大国,superstructure上层建筑
英语派生词归纳
multiform a.多种多样的 teleC micro表示远的 表示“微,小” telephone, television microscope 显微镜 microworld 微观世界 microwave 微波 microbiology 微生物学 microfilm 微缩胶卷 auto自动的 automobile 汽车 autobiography 自传 vice表示“副” vice-president 副总统 vice-manager 副经理 macroeco表示“大, 宏大” 生态的 Ma macroscopic(宏观) 生态学 ecology 生态系统 ecosystem 生态友好的 eco-friendly Sino中国的 中日的 Sino-Japanese 中石化 Sinopec sub“潜,在下面, 次一等,副手” 潜 意 识 ( 的 ) subconscious subtropics 亚热带 subtitle 副标题 bi表示两个,双边 bi- bicolor ( 双 色 的 ), bicycle tri三个 三轮车 tricycle 三角形 triangle trans“变换,改变, 转移” tranplant 移植 transaction 交易;办理 transcribe 抄写,转录 transfigure 改观;变形
英语派生词归纳
常见的后缀 表示人和物的名词后缀
后缀-er 构词能力
英语派生词归纳
抽象名词和集合名词的后缀
-age-ure-ity-ism-dom-y-al-ship-hood-th-ery
marriage, luggage, postage邮费 failure, temperature, pressure, pleasure, majority, opportunity,
communism, criticism, internationalism, socialism
-mentargument, statement, achievement, amusement, equipment -anceappearance, entrance,
kingdom, wisdom, freedom
difficulty, discovery, bravery, machinery
arrival, refusal, disapproval,
citizenship, friendship, professorship, hardship, comradeshipchildhood, brotherhood,兄弟情谊,strength, growth, length, wealth, truth
bravery, slavery, chemistry, surgery, machinery
-nesskindness, illness, brightness, selflessness, correctness
后缀为-ion的名词
英语派生词归纳
规 则
几乎所有以-ate结尾的动词在变为名词时首先去掉e再加-ion.多数以-t结尾的动词直接在词尾加-ion,少数以-te结尾的动词首先去掉e再加-ion.
多数以-ss结尾的动词直接加-ion.
例 词
educate/education,
translate/translation,graduate/graduation,
liberate/liberation, separate/separation,
operate/operationact/action, invent/invention, inspect/inspection, elect/election, select/selection, connect/connection, devote/devotion, pollute/pollution
collect/collection,
instruct/instruction,
discuss/discussion, possess/possession
oppress/oppression, express/expression,
多数以-de结尾与少数以-d结尾decide/decision, divide/division, provide/provision, invade/ 的动词先把-de或-d变成-s再加-invasion, expand/expansion, extend/extensionion.
以-mit结尾的动词,先把t变成-ss,再加-ion.
admit/admission, commit/commission,承诺permit/permission,
transmit/transmission转交
多数以-fy结尾的动词先把y改
成i再加-cation,少数以-efy或-fysatisfy/satisfaction, modify/ modification,修改结尾的动词先去掉y再加-action.有些动词不是加-ion,而是加-ition, -tion, -ation或-sion而变成名词,其中有些词根因读音关系而发生了变化。
add/addition, attend/attention, absorb/absorption, describe/ description, produce/production, reduce/reduction, solve/
solution, determine/determination, explain/explanation, found/ foundation, observe/observation, transport/transportation
形容词后缀
后缀
-able-al-ant, -ent-ic, -ical
意 义
可/能…的有... 性质的...的
...性质的,与...有关的
用 法
加在名词或及物动词后加在名词后
加在外来动词词干上加在外来词干的名词上
例 词
valuable, horrible, natural, technical, actualimportant, pleasant, excellent
atomic原子, electric,电动 basic基本的
-ish-ive-ful-less-ous-y-ed-en-ern -ly
稍带...的,... 气的,...民族的,... 语的有...倾向的/性质的充满...的, 引起... 的无/不...的,不能...的充满...的,有...特性的有/多... 的,想...的有...的, 有...特征的由...构(制)成的...方的
有...性质的,...形状的
加在名词或形容词上用于民族国家地名之上加在动词上
加在名词或少数名词上加在名词或动词上加在名词上加在名词上加在名词或动词上加在物质名词上加在表示方位的名词上加在名词或形容词上
feverish, childish, bookish书呆子English, Spanish
instructive,教育性 expensivethankful, powerful, tearfulhomeless, harmless, wirelessdangerous, famous, nervouscloudy, sunny, funny, sleepytired, interested, learned博学wooden, earthen, wooleneastern, western, southernyearly, daily, orderly, lively
副词后缀
因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容
Copyright © 2019- yrrf.cn 版权所有 赣ICP备2024042794号-2
违法及侵权请联系:TEL:199 1889 7713 E-MAIL:2724546146@qq.com
本站由北京市万商天勤律师事务所王兴未律师提供法律服务