【2020高考复习】阅读理解
For many people，volunteering is a way of life.Holidays are the time of the year that more people are in a giving mood.Homeless shelters，children’s hospitals，and nursing homes are excellent places to give of one’s time. Volunteering in Homeless Shelters
There is a homeless directory online that anyone can easily access to find the closest homeless shelter to their home.According to the homeless shelter directory，currently there are 3,233 shelters in the US，so it is not difficult to find a shelter.Helping to serve food，picking up donations of food，preparing meals，and cleaning up are things that one can do to help at a homeless shelter.
Volunteering in Children’s Hospitals
Every child needs comfort and joy，especially during the holiday seasons.By visiting sick children in hospitals，an individual provides helping hands by supplementing the services usually done by the hospital staff.Personalizing the hospital experience adds to the comfort and happiness of the children and their families.Volunteers provide help，and positive interactions (相互交流) which enhance the patient’s quality of care.Help is needed almost everywhere in a hospital；from the lobby，parking lot，cafeteria，to admitting，helping with the gift cart，and even reading to children in the waiting rooms or their hospital rooms. Volunteering in Nursing Homes
According to the National Center for Health Statistics，“Over 50% of those living in nursing homes do not have close relatives and 46% have no living children.” Life in a nursing home is lonely，confusing，and frightening
for many residents.Volunteering at a nursing home is a great opportunity to make a difference in someone else’s life.Playing cards，sitting with and talking to a resident，taking a walk，or sharing a meal makes a huge difference，especially when they have no other sole on earth to visit them.
The three examples above are only a small fraction of institutions in which volunteers are needed.Giving of oneself，especially during the holidays blesses and cheers others.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了人们在假期中可以选择去做志愿活动的三个地方。 1．According to the passage，what can a volunteer do in nursing homes? A．Visiting the sick children. B．Picking up the donated food. C．Helping with the gift cart.
D．Playing cards with a lonely old man.
解析 细节理解题。根据文中Volunteering in Nursing Homes部分的描述可知D项正确。A、C项是在children’s hospitals可以做的事，B项是在homeless shelters可以做的事。 答案 D
2．What can we learn about the volunteering? A．You can only volunteer during the holidays. B．You can help prepare meals in a nursing home. C．It is easy to find a homeless shelter to volunteer. D．Help is needed everywhere in a homeless shelter.
解析 细节理解题。根据文中的“There is a homeless directory online that anyone can easily access to find the closest homeless shelter to their home.”可知，人们很容易找到一个能在里面做志愿活动的流浪者之家。其他三项都是与文章内容不符。 答案 C
3．In a children’s hospital，which of the following is true?
A．Over 50% of those living there do not have relatives. B．A personal visit brings happiness to a sick boy. C．Children live a lonely and frightening life. D．Children love listening to volunteers’ reading.
解析 细节理解题。根据文中Volunteering in Children’s Hospitals部分的描述可知B项正确，A、C两项错误，D项文中未提及。 答案 B
4．The best title for the passage would be________. A．Giving of oneself cheers others B．Volunteering is a way of life C．Volunteering during the holidays D．Giving is better than taking
解析 主旨大意题。全文主要介绍了假期中人们可以选择去做志愿活动的三个地方。故C项作为本文的标题最佳。 答案 C
阅读理解(每题2分，满分8分) 选材相似度：★★★★ 设题相似度：★★★ 难度系数：★★★★★
We're fortunate to live along a monarch butterfly migration path.Every fall，thousands of them fly through our backyard，headed south for the winter.We always thought that a butterfly with a broken wing was a sad sight，but one we could do nothing about.We were wrong! Jeannette Brandt was bike riding near Hadley，in the southern Adirondacks of New York，a few weeks ago when she spotted an injured monarch butterfly and took it home in an empty water bottle.Brandt and her partner，Mike Parwana，fed the butterfly rotting pears
and water sweetened with honey.The butterfly survived，and fattened up.But what to do about the broken wing?
The couple found an online video demonstrating butterfly wing repair which was posted by the nonprofit Live Monarch Foundation of Boca Raton， Florida.Tiny cardboard splints and contact cement did the trick.In another week，the butterfly was flying at the couple's home.But by then，it was too cold in upstate New York to release the monarch into the wild.Monarchs are known for their 3,000 miles migration from Canada to Mexico.But this migration is usually finished by the end of October，and it was midNovember. About a week ago，the couple put the monarch in a shoebox and went to Scotty's，a truck stop north of Albany，NY.Eventually，a goodnatured trucker from Alabama，who was headed to Florida，volunteered to transport the monarch to the Sunshine State.Last Tuesday，the trucker called.The butterfly with the mended wing had been released in Florida，now free to join millions of other monarch butterflies migrating south to the mountains of central Mexico. Note：
cardboard splints and contact cement薄纸夹板和接触粘合剂
【语篇解读】 本文记叙的是一对美国夫妇和一位卡车司机救助一只在迁徙中翅膀受伤的帝王蝶的故事。
1．We can learn from Paragraph One that the butterfly ________. A．was hit by a motorbike B．was noticed by a US woman C．would spend winter in Hadley D．was too old to go on flying
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“Jeannette Brandt...when she spotted an injured monarch butterfly...”可知，这只受伤的帝王蝶是由一位美国妇女发现的。]
2．The main problem of the butterfly's wing was ________.
A．how to treat the illness of the butterfly B．how to keep the butterfly at home C．how to help the butterfly reach Mexico D．how to get the butterfly's favorite food
答案 C [推理判断题。根据第二段第四句“But by then，it was...into the wild”和第五句“Monarchs are known...from Canada to Mexico”可知，蝴蝶翅膀修复以后，主要的困难就是如何帮助它到达墨西哥以完成迁徙。]
3．According to the last paragraph，the couple went to Scotty's to ________. A．ask help from truck drivers B．release the butterfly there C．attract the attention of the public D．ask for experts' advice
答案 A [推理判断题。由最后一段可知，在一位好心的卡车司机的帮助下，这只帝王蝶赶上了浩荡的蝴蝶迁徙队伍。] 4．What does the author seem to agree?
A．It is useless to learn to repair insects' wings. B．A monarch butterfly's wings are likely to get hurt. C．A monarch butterfly can be kept as a pet.
D．It is quite possible to repair a butterfly's wings.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“We always thought...do nothing about”和第四句“We were wrong”，再联系本文故事可知，作者认为修复蝴蝶翅膀是完全可能的。]
阅读理解(每题2分，满分8分) 选材相似度：★★★★ 设题相似度：★★★
难度系数：★★★★
Mankind evolved to possess the fightorflight stress response，allowing us to survive in a dangerous world.Yet in today's manmade jungle，it has become one of our greatest killers.
Even simple tasks，such as driving to work，are often compounded by emotional responses: expletives hurled，fists shaken in anger and aggressive threats made toward other drivers.We forget to turn off our nature and instead allow stress，anger and frustration to take physical control of our bodies. Why Stress，Anger and Frustration are Problematic
The problem with stress and anger in the modern world is that most stressful or frustrating scenaries do not require an active physical response.There are no lions or tigers to escape，only imaginary ones.Our inactivity in the face of stress or frustration causes most of us not to recognize that our fightorflight response system has been started.Our bodies often exist in a state of constant panic，and the chemicals and hormones released into the blood become toxic，resulting in heart disease，arthritis，osteoporosis，diabetes
and
certain
cancers.The_biological_response_that_has_helped_to_keep_us_from_becoming_prey_for_thousands_of_years_is_now_preying_upon_us. How to Keep Stress，Anger and Frustration from Killing You
The first thing to do in the battle against stress and anger is to recognize them.Recognizing triggers and physical responses to stressful situations can help you reduce them.Once you recognize that a stressful situation has triggered a physiological response，the best way to bring the body back into a homeostatic_state is through physical activity.Walking，running，biking，jumping or any energetic activity will help bring the body back into equilibrium.While it may seem strange to do 100 jumping jacks after a stressful meeting or go for a jog after getting into an argument with your
wife，it can save your life.It only feels unnatural because our environment is unnatural.Don't let stress，anger or frustration eat at you.Fight back through exercise. Notes：
①frustration n．挫折 ②equilibrium n．平衡
长短句分析：Our bodies often exist in a state of constant panic，and the chemicals and hormones released into the blood become toxic，resulting in heart disease，arthritis，osteoporosis，diabetes and certain cancers. 句法点睛：and前后为顺承关系，resulting是动名词形式作结果状语。
句意：我们的身体常常处于一种持续的恐慌状态，这使得化学物质和释放入血液中的荷尔蒙变得有毒，从而导致心脏病、关节炎、骨质疏松症、糖尿病和某些癌症。 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了面对压力、愤怒和挫折，人们最佳的应对方法——进行体育活动。
1．Which of the following isn't mentioned in the passage as the expression of emotional response during driving to work? A．Expletives hurled. B．Sweat all over. C．Fists shaken in anger. D．Aggressive threats.
答案 B [细节理解题。由第二段第一句“Even simple tasks，such as driving to work，are often compounded by emotional responses：expletives hurled，fists shaken in anger and aggressive threats made toward other drivers.”可知，A项、C项和D项都在文中有信息支持，只有B项未提及。] 2．What can we infer from the underlined sentence? A．Our biological response is not as useful as before. B．There is something wrong with our biological response. C．Our biological response now affects us in a bad way.
D．Our biological response now makes us the prey of other livings.
答案 C [推理判断题。这句话直译是“数千年来使得我们成为捕猎者的生物反应现在反过来使得我们成为被捕猎者”。意味着以前帮助我们生存的生物反应现在使得我们在生存中变得十分被动，因而C项正确。其他选项均不合语境。]
3．Find out a word which has the similar meaning with the underlined phrase in this passage.
A．Equilibrium. B．Stressful. C．Unnatural. D．Frustrating.
答案 A [词义猜测题。由语境可知，使身体回到“homeostatic state”的最好方式是进行体育活动。后面一句对上文进行了进一步解说。equilibrium和homeostatic state是同义词。]
4．Which of the following is NOT the right way to keep you from stress，anger and frustration?
A．Do jumping jacks. B．Go for a jog.
C．Have a walk. D．Stay at home doing nothing.
答案 D [推理判断题。由最后一段最后两句“Don't let stress，anger or frustration eat at you.Fight back through exercise.”可知，击败压力、愤怒和挫折的最好办法是进行体育活动。选项中只有D项不是体育活动。]
阅读理解(每题2分，满分8分) 选材相似度：★★★★ 设题相似度：★★★ 难度系数：★★★
The city of Angkor was the capital of the Khmer Empire from the 9th to the 15th centuries.The Khmer Empire was one of the most prosperous kingdoms in the history of Southeast Asia，and its prosperity was expressed through a wide range of architecture.
The city of Angkor was founded on political and religious ideas adapted from
India，and the temples of Angkor were intended as a place of worship for the king and a way for him to ensure his immortality through identification with the Hindu gods.
Angkor Wat was first built by King Suryavarman Ⅱ in the 12th century as a vast funerary temple that would hold his remains，symbolically confirming his permanent identity with Vishnu.
During its six centuries as imperial capital，Angkor went through many changes in architectural styles and in religion.The city of Angkor transferred itself from the Hindu god Shiva to the Hindu god Vishnu，and finally to the Mahayana Buddhist goddess Avalokitesvara.
By the late 13th century，the once frenzied pace of Angkor's architectural pursuits had begun to die down，and a more restrained type of religion was on the rise under the growing influence of Theravada Buddhism.
At the same time，Angkor and the Khmer Empire were increasingly threatened and attacked by invading armies.By the 16th century，the golden age of Angkor was over and many of the great temples began to move back into the jungle. From the 15th to 19th centuries，Theravada Buddhist monks cared for Angkor Wat，and it is thanks to them that the temple remains mostly intact.Angkor Wat became one of the most important pilgrimage sites in Southeast Asia.Angkor Wat is the best preserved example of Khmer architecture in Cambodia and is so grand in design that some rank it among the seven wonders of the world.It appears on the Cambodian national flag，a very rare instance of a flag with an image of a building. Notes：
①symbolically adv.象征性地 ②frenzied adj.发狂的 ③intact adj.完整的 ④pilgrimage n．朝拜
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。介绍了柬埔寨吴哥窟的兴衰历史。 1．Angkor Wat was first built to ________.
A．hold the remains of a king B．serve as the royal palace C．worship the gods
D．be the tomb for the king
答案 A [细节理解题。从文章第三段可知，吴哥窟最初是为了保存国王的遗物而修建的。]
2．Vishnu was the name of ________. A．a king in ancient Cambodia B．a temple in Cambodia C．an Indian god
D．a monk in ancient Cambodia
答案 C [细节理解题。从文章第四段最后一句可知答案，这是一个印度神的名字。] 3．We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.
A．Angkor Wat is widely accepted as one of the seven wonders of the world B．Theravada Buddhist monks had fought against the outside invaders C．Angkor Wat is not so important as it used to be D．Angkor Wat has become a symbol of Cambodia
答案 D [推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知， 吴哥窟上了柬埔寨的国旗，说明它是柬埔寨的象征。]
4．The passage mainly tells us ________. A．the history of Angkor Wat B．the protection of Angkor Wat C．the importance of Angkor Wat
D．the position of Angkor in Cambodian history
答案 A [主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文重点介绍吴哥窟的历史，而不是吴哥窟在柬埔寨的历史地位。]
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