北师大高中英语必修一第9讲：Unit3 Celebration语法篇(教师)

Unit 3 Celebration 语法篇

__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 1、掌握一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，过去将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时及其被动语态的用法。

2、掌握情态动词must, have to, can, could及ought to的用法。 一，

被动语态

1. 被动语态的概念：当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式叫做被动语态。

2. 被动语态的构成：助动词be（或get）+过去分词，助动词be（或get）有时态，人称和数的变化。 3. 被动语态的形式： 一般现在时：am/is/are done 一般过去时：was/were done 一般将来时：will/shall be done 过去将来时：would be done 现在进行时：am/is/are being done 过去进行时：was/were being done 现在完成时：has/have been done 过去完成时：had been done 经典例句：

①Fast food is served here. 这儿卖快餐。

②The new film will be shown next week. 这部新电影将会在下周放映。 ③The concert has been put off till next week. 音乐会已经被推迟到下周了。

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4. 何种情况下使用被动语态：

当不知道或没有必要说出动作的执行者，或者动作本身更为重要时，动词使用被动语态。

例：Too much books have been written about the Second World War. 关于第二次世界大战的书太多了。 5. 主动形式表被动意义：

①系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste等+形容词构成系表结构： Steel feels cold. 钢摸起来很凉。

②表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read, write, wash, sell, wear, cook, lock, shut, open, dry, drink等，这类动词一般不单独使用，常有副词修饰： The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。

③表示开始，结束，运动的动词，如：begin, start, end, finish, close, stop, move, run等： Work begins at 7 o’clock in the morning. 早上7点开始工作。 二，

情态动词

1. have to/don’t have to 不得不/不必

have to表示“不得不”，指在客观条件下不得不去做某事；否定式don’t have to表示“没必要，不必”，有时态和人称的变化。 易混辨析：

①must: 表示“必须，应该”，语气强烈。

②回答带有must的问句时，否定回答常用needn’t或don’t have to，表示“不必”，而mustn’t的含义是“禁止，不准”。

③表示有把握的推测，意为“一定，准是”，常用于肯定句。 ④译为“偏要…，非要…不可”，常表达说话人抱怨的口气。

例：①He had to work hard to support the family. 他不得不努力工作来养家。（客观需要） ②You don’t have to go to school at once. 你不必马上去上学。

③You must be hungry after a long walk. 走了很长一段路，你一定饿了。（肯定推测）

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2. can/ can’t 能/不能

can, could（can的过去式）的用法： can: ①表能力（现在） ②表客观或理论上的可能性 ③表请求和允许

④表推测，常用于否定句和疑问句，can比could语气强 ⑤cannot…too/enough 无论…也不过分，越…越好 ⑥cannot but do 不得不（=have to do） could: ①表能力（过去）

②表推测，常用于否定句和疑问句，比can语气弱

③表请求和允许。用在疑问句时比can语气委婉，不表过去。

例：①An experienced teacher can also make mistakes. 一个有经验的老师也可能犯错误。（客观可能性） ②He can’t be our manager. He has gone to Beijing. 他不可能是我的经理。他去北京了。（否定推测） 3. ought to/ ought not to 应该/不应该

表示说话者认为“应该做/不应该做”；也表示说话者根据一定的依据进行推测，译为“按道理说应该/不应该”。其后跟动词原形，疑问式是把ought提到主语前。

ought to作为情态动词，经常考查与其不定式的完成时搭配的用法，即：ought to have done =

should have done，表示“本应该做了某事而实际没有”，oughtn’t to have done = shouldn’t have done，表示“本不应该做某事而实际做了”。

Needn’t表示某一动作不必要做，而ought not to表示某一动作是错误的，与shouldn’t类似，但

语气更强。

例：①He ought to be more careful next time. 下次他应该更小心才是。 ②She ought not to let out the secret. 她不该泄露这个秘密。

③You needn’t go for him; he has come here. 你没必要去找他；他已经来了。

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例 1. The letters for the boss _____ on his desk but he didn’t read them until three days later. A. were put B. was put C. put

D. has put

解析：句意：给老板的信放在他桌子上了，但他三天后才读。根据语境及but分句的时态可知前半句也应该用过去时，故排除D项；又因为letters同put之间为被动关系，故排除C项；根据主语letters为可数名词复数可知B项不正确，即可推断出正确答案。 答案：A。

例 2. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet _____ into at least ten different films over the past years. A. had been made B. was made C. has been made D. would be made

解析：句意：在过去的数年，莎士比亚的戏剧哈姆雷特被制成不下十部不同的电影。over the past years意为“在过去的数年”，通常情况下题干中出现over the past years，谓语动词为现在完成时态，即可推断出正确答案。 答案：C。

例3. You _____ buy a gift, but you can if you want to do. A. must B. mustn’t C. have to D. don’t have to

解析：句意：你不必买礼物了，但是如果你想买的话也可以买。don’t have to意为“不必”，即可推断出正确答案。

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答案：D。

例4. （2019北京通州高三一模）Fred had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _____ seriously. A. damaged B. had been damaged C. was being damaged D. had damaged

解析：句意：因为损坏的太严重，Fred不得不把他的车放到修理厂修理。根据语境可知，动作damage应发生在repaired之前，即过去的过去，故用过去完成时。且damage与car是被动关系，应用被动语态，即可推断出正确答案。 答案：B。

例5. （2019北京丰台高三第一学期期末）Jugging from his accent, he _____ be from Australia. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t

解析：句意：从他的口音判断，他不可能是从澳大利亚来的。在否定句中，用can’t表示否定的推测，即可推断出正确答案。 答案：C。

基础演练

一，根据句意，在空白处填入恰当的词或用括号内的词的正确形式填空。

1. A Midsummer Night’s Dream __________ (open) at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.

2. —Hi, Smith, can I borrow the meeting room upstairs this afternoon? —Sorry. It __________ (paint).

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3. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt that a cure for AIDS __________ (find). 4. If nothing _____ (do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 5. When I was a child, I __________ watch TV whenever I wanted to.

6. Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He __________ (drink) too much at the party last night. 7. —Why are your eyes so red? You __________ have slept well last night. —Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.

8. __________ we go to the McDonald? I’m sick of the food there.

9. Holiday shopping __________ be a tiring experience. There are so many places to visit and choices to make.

10. —Must I take a bus?

—No, you _____. You can take a walk here. Keys： 1. opens

2. is being painted 4. is done 6. must have drunk 8. Must

10. don’t have to/needn’t

巩固提高

单项选择。

1. Since nobody gave him any help, he _____ have done the research on his own. A. can

B. must

C. would

D. need

3. will be found 5. could 7. can’t 9. can

2. He _____ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. A. wouldn’t

B. shouldn’t

C. couldn’t

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D. mustn’t

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3. Why _____ it get colder when we climb up a mountain? We are getting nearer to the sun! A. ought to

B. would

C. should

D. must

4. If he had starred at nine o’clock, he _____ have been in London by eleven o’clock. A. Must

B. may

C. ought to

D. has to

5. —You must be very excited about going to London for further study. —_____, but I am afraid I won’t do well because my English is poor. A. I’m sorry

B. Certainly not

C. I don’t know yet Keys： 1-5 BCCCD 单项选择。

D. Well, I ought to be

1. The thief was reported ________ more than $50,000 from the millionaire. A. to steal

B. to be stealing

C. to have stolen

D. to be stolen

2. —What will you do next Sunday?

—Maybe do some shopping, for I _________ go to school on Sunday. A. mustn’t

B. shouldn’t

C. don’t have to

D. had better not

3. If you______ yourself to the job in hand, you’ll soon finish it. A. request

B. appeal

C. apply

D. claim

4. Mary ____ a professor for half a year. A. has married

B. married with

C. married

D. has been married to

5. Jenny is always absent from school, __ I suppose is why she is criticized now and then. A. which

B. who

C. that

D. what

6. —Excuse me , is the shop open around the clock?

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—__________ . Only from 8:00am.to 4:00 pm. A. I’m not sure. C. That’s right.

B. Well, it depends. D. I’m afraid not.

7. —It’s a good idea. But who’s going to _____ the plan? —I think Tom and Grey will. A. set aside

B. carry out

C. take in

D. get through

8. —Helen, will you be at the party tonight?

—I’m sorry, but I have so much homework to do that I really _____. A. won’t

B. can’t

C. mustn’t

D. shouldn’t

9. Some pre-school children go to a day care centre, __ they learn simple games and songs. A. then

B. there

C. which

D. where

10. _______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed

B. To dress

C. Dressing

D. Having dressed

11. Her ____ way of smiling left a good impression on me. A. successful

B. particular

C. usual

D. peaceful

12. No decision ___ about any future appointment(任命) until all the candidates（候选人） have been interviewed. A. will be made

B. is made

C. is being

D. has been made

13. （2019北京101中学高三测试）I will join the school singing club as long as I _____ find spare time. A. will

B. might

C. should

D. can

14. （2019北京顺义高三一模）Everyone thinks that the same questions _____ again on this year’s oral test. A. will ask

B. have asked

C. will be asked

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D. have been asked

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15. （2019北京顺义高三一模）Young children under the age of four _____ be in a child safety seat while taking a car. A. must Keys:

1-15 CCCDA DBBDA BADCA

_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 一，

完形填空。

B. may

C. can

D. will

Robison was born in a very poor family. At seven, he had to pick cal in a deserted mine, then he 1 what he had picked and earned a few coins to help his parents. He had 2 schooling. 3 so poor, how could they pay for the education?

When he was fifteen, he worked 4 a servant in a school, looking at other children studying in the classroom, he felt 5 for himself. How he wished to have the same chance. He 6 to study by himself. In the day time after the sweeping and cleaning was over, he 7 stand by the window outside the classroom trying to 8 what the teacher said. At night, he tried his best to remember 9 he had learned during the day. He worked 10 hard at the lessons that he sometimes had just three or four hours’ 11. The more he learned, the 12 he wanted to learn. A math teacher 13him and came to like this diligent(刻苦) boy and 14 him to sit at the back of the class. In 15exam, he was the one in the whole school who reached the 16 grade. Robison went on for six years 17 his study of math and wrote several articles which drew the attention of some university professors. They appreciated (欣赏) his talent and his diligence.18 him the better chance they employed him as a librarian and 19 him free guidance. Robison was filled with joy. Fro he felt that before him there was a broad road leading to 20. 1. A. burned 2. A. any

B. gave B. less B. As B. as

C. sent C. no C. For C. for 9 / 11

D. sold D. small D. Being D. at

3. A. Because 4 A. like

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5 A. sorry

B. angry B. wanted B. should B. catch B. all B. too

C. disappointed C. decided C. could C. listen to C. that C. so

D. interesting D. considered D. might D. hear D. which D. very D. time D. more D. laughed at D. tired D. the D. largest D. in D. For giving D. supplied D. happiness

6. A. wished 7. A. would 8. A. do 9. A. when 10 A. such 11 A. study

B. sleep B. harder

C. work C. less

12. A. better 13. A. punished 14. A. allowed 15. A. his

B. discovered B. let B. a

C. liked C. pushed C. one

16. A. highest 17. A. for

B. most B. at

C. tallest C. with C. Give C. sent C. school

18. A. To give 19. A. taught 20. A. death Keys:

B. Giving B. offered B. success

1-20. DCDBA CABBC BDBAC ACABB 二，写作。

假设你是李华，你的美国老师Miss Morgan要求你们明天下午去听一个有关美国历史的讲座，你因故不能参加。请你根据以下要点，写一封短信项Miss Morgan请假。 内容要点： 1. 表示歉意；

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2. 理由：去机场接从法国回来的舅舅； 3. 询问：是否有录音，以便补听讲座。 注意：

1. 词数：100左右；

2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Miss Morgan,

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely Li Hua Key:

I am so sorry that I won’t be able to attend the lecture on American history tomorrow afternoon. My uncle is returning home from France, and I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon.

I am very interested in American history society and history. I wonder if it is possible for the talk to be recorded, and if so, could I borrow the tape? It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and make up for what is covered in the talk. I would appreciate it if you could allow me to ask for a leave of absence.

Thank you.

Yours sincerely Li Hua

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