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2014年职称英语考试(9套)

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2014年职称英语考试卫生类模拟套题一词汇选项

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 1 The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the weather.

A jumps B rises C falls D changes 2 Did you do that to irritate her?

A tease B attract C annoy D protect 3 Mary looked pale and weary.

A ill B tired C worried D peaceful

4 The water in this part of the river has been contaminated by sewage (污水). A polluted B downgraded C mixed D blackened 5 Her treatment of the subject is exhaustive.

A very boring B very thorough C very interesting D very touching 6 Alice is a fascinating girl.

A a beautiful B a pretty C an attractive D a pleasant 7 Her mood can be gauged by her reaction to the most trivial of incidents A displayed B shown C proved D assessed 8 The old lady let her fiat to an English couple.

A offered B rented C provided D sold 9 She stood there, crying and trembling with fear.

A shaking B staggering C struggling D murmuring 10 They strolled around the lake for an hour or so.

A ran B rolled C walked D raced 11 The conclusion can be deduced from the premises.

A argued B derived C permitted D come 12 I can no longer tolerate his actions.

A put up with B accept C take D suffer from 13 Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments. A ask B persuade C assign D order 14 She has been the subject of massive media coverage.

A extensive B negative C responsive D explosive 15 I expect that she will be able to cater for your particular needs. A supply B reach C provide D meet

答案：1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. D 第2部分：概括大意(第1～8题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第1-4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 Facts about Stroke

1 Every 45 seconds,someone in America has a stroke.Every 3.1 minutes,someone dies of one.Stroke killed an estimated 167,661 people in 2000 and is the nation's third leading cause of death,ranking behind diseases of the heart and all forms of cancer.Stroke is a leading cause of serious,long-term disability in the United States.

2 Stroke is a type of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease.It affects the arteries(动脉)leading to and within the brain.A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients(营养物)to the brain is either blocked by a clot(凝块)or bursts.When that happens,part of the brain cannot get the blood(and oxygen)it needs,so it starts to die.

3 The brain is an extremely complex organ that controls various body functions.If a stroke occurs and blood flow can't reach the region that controls a particular body function,that part of the body won't work as it should.If the stroke occurs toward the back of the brain,for instance,it's likely that some disability involving vision will result.The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction(阻塞)and the extent of brain tissue affected.

4 The American Stroke Association has identified several factors that increase the risk of stroke.The more risk factors a person has,the greater the chance that he or she will have a stroke.Some of these you can't control,such as increasing age,family health history,race,and prior stroke.But you can change or treat other risk factors to lower your risk.Factors resulting from lifestyle or environment can be modified with a healthcare provider's help.Some of these include:high blood pressure,current smoking,heart disease,and high red blood cell count.

5 A stroke can happen to anyone at any moment.In fact about 600,000 people have strokes every year.For many years,there was no hope for those suffering a stroke.However,recent breakthroughs have led to new treatments.For the treatments to work,the person must get to a hospital immediately.

1.Paragraph 2__________. 2.Paragraph 3__________. 3.Paragraph 4__________. 4.Paragraph 5__________.

A Effects of a stroke B Annual cost of stroke in the US

C Definition and description of a stroke D Breakthroughs in treatment E Risk factors of stroke F Warning signs of a stroke

5.When a stroke occurs,the arteries leading to and within the brain__________. 6.A person's vision is likely to be affected if a stroke__________. 7.Some people can reduce their risk of stroke if they__________. 8.New treatments are now available to people who__________. A suffer from a stroke B will be affected C change their lifestyles D will take place

E occurs at the back of his/her brain F controls various body functions 答案：C A E D B E C A

第3部分：阅读判断(第1～7题，每题1分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

The Doctor in America

Self-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit have been the norm for American medical practice. Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in their community. They refer their patients as needed to the hospital, which usually charges according to the number of days a patient stays and the facilities - X-rays, operating rooms, tests -he or she uses.

Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training. They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work for the federal government's Public Health Service. Physicians are among the best-paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s, it was not uncommon for medical doctors to, earn incomes of more than $100,000 a year. Specialists, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount. Physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the United States. Most would-be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly $20,000 a year at one of the best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $10,000 a year. By the time they have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. They still face three to five years of residency (住院医生实习期)in a hospital, the first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the pay is relatively low.

Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. These physicians also take care of each other's patients in emergencies.

Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can mean the difference between life and death. 1.Many physicians in the US are self-employed private physicians A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

2.No salaried physicians teach in medical schools in the US. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

3.Of all employed physicians, those hired by corporations are best paid A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

4.Becoming a physician in the US costs considerable time and money. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

5.Physicians in the US are poorly rewarded for their work A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

6.Anyone with a medical degree can set up a medical practice in the US A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

7.There are more men physicians than women physicians in the US A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

答案：1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C 第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 Diabetes (糖尿病) and Eye Damage

Over 2 million Canadians have diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age. Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin (胰岛素) or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose (葡萄糖), a simple sugar, into the body's cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose, which is used by the cells as a source of energy. If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells, glucose will stay

in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels.

High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels, including the tiny blood vessels in the eye. This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy (糖尿病型视网膜病). The retina (视网膜) is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy, some blood vessels in the retina are lost, and some of the other blood vessels begin to \"leak\" blood. This causes the retina to swell, and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients (滋养物). Eventually, the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones. Unfortunately, these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones. They are more likely to break, causing bleeding in the eye.

At first, people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms. As the disease gets worse, they may notice blurred (模糊的) vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on, it can progress to blindness. Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy, and the risk increases the longer you've had diabetes.

Fortunately, you can reduce your risk. If you do not have diabetes, but think you may be at risk for this condition, visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes. If you do have diabetes: ● Have frequent eye check-ups.

● Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage.

● If you have high blood pressure, follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control. If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure, or whether your blood pressure is under control, discuss this with your doctor. 6 Glucose cannot be turned into energy in the body

A without diabetes. B without sugar. C without insulin. D without food. 7 The word \"its\" in the second paragraph refers to

A \"the nerve's\". B \"the blood's\". C \"the eye's\". D \"the retina's\". 8 With diabetic retinopathy, the damaged blood vessels in the retina

A are stronger than what they used to be. B cannot be properly replaced. C are more likely to break than the new ones. D may return to normal again. 9 The worst eye damage induced by diabetes is

A blurred vision. B black spots. C blindness. D flashing lights. 10 To slow down eye damage, people with diabetes should try to A use as many medications as they can. B eat as little as possible.

C wear glasses as often as possible. D keep their blood sugar under tight control 答案：6. C 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. D

第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Read With Greater Speed

Do you have difficulty reading in class? If so, a special reading program that helps match sounds with letters could speed up your brain.

At least one out of every five elementary school students in the US has trouble learning to read, even when the students are good at other subjects. __________(1)

Researchers from Yale University, US, studied a group of children from New York and

Connecticut State. As part of the study, 37 struggling readers received special tutoring.

Every day, instructors worked with them on recognizing how written letters represent units of sound called phonemes (音素). __________(2)

By the end of the school year, these children could read faster than before. They also made fewer mistakes, and understood more of what they read than they could earlier in the year.

As part of their study, the researchers used a special machine to take action photos of the students' brains.

(3)__________ This is the same part of the brain that becomes active when good readers read. This activated brain area appears to include a structure that helps people recognize familiar written words quickly. In lower level readers, this structure remains inactive.

A year later, the brain structure was still working hard in the students who had gore through the special tutoring, and they continued to do well in reading tests __________(4) However, some researchers still doubt the study. __________(5) A Many adults are interested in matching sounds with letters B The students also practiced reading aloud and spelling

C The biggest challenge for many of these kids, scientists say, is matching sounds with letters.

D Another group in the study who went through a more traditional reading program didn't show the same progress.

E The pictures showed an increase in activity in the back of the brain on the left side.

F They believe that reading without making any noise or linking words to sounds is more efficient.

答案：1. C 2. B 3. E 4. D 5. F 第6部分：完形填空

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 What Is Anthrax (炭疽)?

There's been a lot of talk about anthrax on the news lately. Some people are worried that anthrax may be connected to terrorist attacks or that terrorists may spread the germ that. (1) __________the disease. Federal officials and police are investigating this and taking (2)__________ to protect us.

In the meantime, it's important not to panic over anthrax. The chances that you and your family (3)__________ at risk are very tiny. One of the ways you can feel better is to learn about anthrax. When you know what it is and (4)__________ you can get it, it doesn't seem quite as scary.

So, what (5)__________ is anthrax? Here are the facts on anthrax:

Anthrax is a bacterial infection caused by a germ. Although it's most common in farm (6)__________, like sheep, cows, pigs, horses, and goats, there's a very small chance that people can get it, too.

Anthrax spores (孢子) (a version of the germ in a protective shell that can live in the soil for years) cause the disease.

People may get anthrax if they are exposed to anthrax (7)__________. But here's the important part: just being exposed to these spores doesn't mean that a person will get

(8)__________.

For a person to get sick, he would have to breathe in thousands of these spores all the way into his (9)__________. Or he'd have to eat meat contaminated with anthrax or handle (10)__________ that has anthrax spores. This may sound scary, but even when a person comes . (11)__________ contact with the spores, it's unlikely that he'll get sick. (12)__________ the bacteria do not get into the skin, digestive tract, or lung, the disease won't develop.

Anthrax is not spread from person to person the way the flu can spread from family member to (13)__________ member or classmate to classmate.

Anthrax can almost always be successfully treated with antibiotics (抗生素).

Anthrax is very rare. Until recently, anthrax wasn't even talked about because it was so rare —— and it still (14)__________! Even with all of the anthrax cases you are hearing about right now, a person's chances of getting anthrax are about the (15)__________ as they were before you heard about anthrax on the news - very, very low. 1 Araises B causes C takes D moves 2. A measures B ways C acts D deeds 3 A are B look C pose D turn 4 A that B what C how D whom

5 A namely B frankly C properly D exactly 6 A places B animals C households D insects 7 A germs B infections C risks D spores 8 A sick B frightened C wrong D worse 9 A stomach B lung C mouth D skin

10 A something B anything C what D which 11 A into B through C by D onto

12. A Unless B If C Although D Before

13 A family B other C another D community 14 A so B is C exists D does 15 A case B same C rate D scorn

答案：1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B

2014年职称英语考试卫生类模拟套题二词汇选项

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 1.We are sure that he will get over his illness .

A. certain B. aware C. happy D. determined 2. The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stake. A. in despair B. in danger C. in misery D. in pain

3 If headaches only occur at night, lack of fresh air is often the cause. A. start B. begin C.happen D. visit

4.The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank. A. suffer B. accept C. receive D.support 5.A small number of firms have ceased trading.

A. completed B. finished C. fulfilled D.stopped

6.She was sent a box of chocolates along with a letter saying she was fired. A. killed B. shot C. dismissed D. murdered 7.The mountains look glorious at sunrise.

A.inviting B. magnificent C.appealing D.pleasing 8 It seems highly unlikely that she will pass the exam. A very B. completely C usually D. mostly 9 Their parents once lived under very severe comditions. A.sound B.hard C.strict D.tight 10.Michael is now merely a good friend.

A.largely B.barely C.just D.rarely 11.Have you talked to her lately?

A.lastly B.finally C.shortly D.recently 12. While we don't agree, we continue to be friends.

A.Because B.Where C.Although D.Whatever

13.You should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently. A. thought B. account C. mind D. brain 14. You must shine your shoes.

A.polish B.clear C.wash D.mend

15. The policeman worte down all the particulars of the accident. A.secrets B.details C.benefits D.words

答案： 1.A 2.B 3. C 4.D 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.C 11.D 12. C 13.B 14.A 15.B 第2部分：阅读判断(第1～7题，每题1分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Osteoporosis and Men

Mention the word osteoporosis in the manly world of testosterone, professional basketball and the XFL, and you 're likely to get a wave of the hand and a dismissive \"That 's a woman 's disease.\" Not so. More than 2 million American men have been found to have the thinning bones and skeletal weakness of osteoporosis, and an additional 3 million are at an increased risk of developing them.

It's true that osteoporosis strikes women with much greater frequency than men - in some studies as much as four to six times as often. But that's no reason to brush it off as \"their\" disease. It's a mere stroke of gender luck that men's bones tend to grow larger, stronger and denser. Also paying dividends are those spots that boys (and, increasingly, girls) play as children - running up and down basketball courts, soccer and baseball fields. As it happens, physical activity is one of the more important ways to increase bone density and protect bone health.

But even the most active men cannot ignore certain facts of life. All of us build up our bones during the first three decades of life, typically reaching peak bone mass in the early 30s. Around the age of 35, we begin gradually to lose some of this bone mass. Women ultimately give up between 30%. Though mass loss in men is lower, it still makes us vulnerable to back pains and bone fractures. In fact, this year alone American men will suffer as many as half a million osteoporosis-related breaks, mostly in the spine, hip and wrist. These are not only painful; thousands die each year from fracture-related complications.

For many of us, however, there's still time. Of all the side effects of aging, osteoporosis is one of the more preventable, through diet, exercise and changes in lifestyle. The two key nutritional substances for bone health are calcium, which makes bones stronger, and vitamin D, which helps the body absorb the calcium.

Exercising is also important, with emphasis on weight-bearing activities in which bones and muscles work against gravity. Lifting weights and working out on resistance machines can help preserve bone density.

Be careful about what's in your medicine cabinet. Prolonged use of some medications, such as steroids, can weaken your bones. Smoking and drinking are both bad for bones, as is prolonged weightlessness, for anybody who plans to work on the space station.

1 Men are justified in thinking that osteoporosis is a woman's disease. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

2 Most women also think that osteoporosis is a woman's disease. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

3 The kind of sport that boys often play as children is good for the build-up of their bones. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

4 You are prone to bone breaks if you suffer from osteoporosis. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

5 In general, men and women reach peak bone mass at the age of 35. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

6 Exercising is an important way to protect bone health. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7 Weight loss is also bad for your bones. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

答案：1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第1~8题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第1-4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

English and English Community

1 There is no doubt that English is a useful language.The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. 2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities.The people who make up the community share a common language.Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood (街坊)，a village，or a city.More often they form a whole country.National boundaries，however，are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community.A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.

3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community.For convenience(方便)，we may divide the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers 1earn English as a second language for the purpose of education，commerce，and so on.

4 Learning a second language extends one's vision and expands the mind.The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional(虚构的)lives of people and their culture;a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel.Learning

English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage. 23 Paragraph 1___________ . 24 Paragraph 2___________ . 25 Paragraph 3___________ . 26 Paragraph 4___________ .

A Threat Posed by English B Definition of a Speech Community

C Benefits of Learning a Second Language D Advantages of Learning Chinese E Two Groups of the English Speech Community F A Widely Used Language 27 Overall there are more speakers of Chinese than of ___________

28 The boundaries of a speech community may be different from ___________ . 29 People who live in different places may belong to ___________ . 30 Many people learn English as ___________ .

A a second language B the same language C the same speech community D any other language E national boundaries F a part of one's heritage 答案： F B E C D E C A 阅读理解

阅读下面短文，短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 Heat and Health

Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world.Although hot weather just makes most people hot,it can cause medical problems-and death.

Health experts say that since the year 1900,extremely hot weather has killed more people in the United States than any other natural event.One year-the unusually hot summer of 1980-heat caused about 1,700 deaths in the United States.In 1995,more than 600 people died in a similar heat wave in one city-Chicago.

To measure extreme heat,govemment weather experts have developed the Mean Heat Index.It measures the average of how hot it is felt all day on an extremely hot day.Experts say it is the total heat of a hot day or several hot days that can affect health.Several hot days are considered a heat wave.Experts say heat waves often become deadly when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature.

The most common medical problem caused by hot weather is heat stress.Usually,it also is the least severe.For most peoople,the only result of heat stress is muscle pain.The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot.Doctors say drinking water will help the pain disappear after the body again has the right amounts of water and salt.For some people,however,the result is much more serious.

For example,doctors say some people face a greatly increased danger from heat stress.These people have a weak or damaged heart,high blood pressure,or other problems of the blood system.Severe heat can help cause a heart attack or stroke.Health experts say this is the most common cause of death linked to hot weather.

1.How many people died from heat in Chicago in 1995?

A.About 1700. B.Nearly 1900. C.Around 1100. D.Over 600. 2.What can people learn from the Mean Heat Index? A.The average temperature of an extremely hot day. B.The highest temperature of an extremely hot day.

C.The lowest temperature of an extremely hot day. D.The nighttime temperature of an extremely hot day. 3.A heat wave is a period of time during which

A.the weather is much better than usual. B.the nights are much longer than usual. C.the weather is much hotter than usual. D.the days are much longer than usual. 4.Muscle pain in hot weather means that your body needs

A.more exercise. B.more water. C.less oxygen. D.less sugar. 5.For people who are in extremely poor health,heat can be A.deadly. B.painful. C.helpful. D.stressful. 答案：D A C B A

第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 The Roadrunner

The roadrunner (走雀) lives in the desert zone of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. _____(1) People gave it its name because they usually see it running across a road, but of course, it spends more time among the plants of the desert than it does on roads.

The roadrunner is quite a large bird - about 45 centimeters long and 25 centimeters high. _____(2) It holds its head straight out in front and its tail sticks straight out in back. It takes long steps and can run 30 kilometers an hour.

It eats an amazing variety of food. Although it eats plants once in a while, it is mostly a meat eater. Most of its diet is insects, but it also catches birds, mice, and other small animals. It is even brave enough to catch snakes and black widow spiders (蜘蛛).

_____(3) When he finds one, he gives her presents - a snake to eat or a tiny branch of a tree to use in building a nest. Then they build their nest, the female lays eggs, and they raise their young.

_____(4) One couple in Arizona feeds a pair of roadrunners that come once at a time every day and make a noise outside the window. If someone doesn't give the bird a piece of hamburger immediately, the bird knocks on the window with its beak (喙). Roadrunners are not shy.

_____(5) They will stand on a chair or table and watch television, and they seem really interested in what is happening on the program.

A Roadrunners can also become friendly with people B People laugh when it runs because it looks so funny

C It is a bird, but it can only fly about as much as a chicken can D In early spring, the bird doesn't eat anything

E Another couple feeds a pair of roadrunners that go right into the house F In the spring, a male roadrunner begins looking for a female as a mate. 答案：1. C 2. B 3. F 4. A 5. E 第6部分：完形填空

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 Health Insurance(保险)

Most Americans are responsible for their own medical costs.These can be extremely high if a person gets very(1)or has an accident.So people buy a health insurance plan to make sure these

costs will be(2).

Most American colleges and universities have(3)health centers.There may even be a teaching hospital that can treat more serious(4).

Some medical services may be included in the cost of attending a school.But health insurance is usually needed for extra services.(5)most full-time college students must have insurance.

Students may already be protected under their family's health plan.If not,many colleges offer(6)own plans.

The University of Michigan will be our example.Students pay a health service fee.Then there is no extra charge when they are treated for minor(7)problems at the University Health Center.But the school wants students to have health insurance to pay(8)other services.

The insurance plan(9)by the university costs about one thousand seven hundred dollars a year.Such health insurance(10)generally pay for hospital services,emergency room care and visits to doctors.They(11)do not pay for care of the teeth.And they usually do not pay for treatment of medical conditions that existed(12)the student arrived at school.

International students at the University of Michigan have two(13).They can buy the university health plan.Or they can(14)private insurance that is approved by the university.

The school also offers a special International Student Insurance Plan.This pays for most of the services offered(15)the University Health Center that are not included in the health service fee. 1.A.rich B.poor C.sick D.old 2.A.laid B.paid C.made D.said

3.A.family B.woman C.man D.student

4.A.services B.problems C.needs D.solutions 5.A.So B.But C.Yet D.Though 6.A.our B.its C.his D.their

7.A.personal B.medical C.learning D.travel 8.A.at B.on C.for D.in

9.A.taken B.taught C.offered D.accepted 10.A.dollars B.centers C.plans D.schools

11.A.usually B.luckily C.suddenly D.carelessly 12.A.after B.if C.before D.since

13.A.choices B.conditions C.terms D.cases 14.A.have B.reject C.invest D.borrow 15.A.on B.for C.to D.by

答案： 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.D 2014年职称英语考试卫生类模拟套题三词汇选项

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 1 Have you talked to her lately?

A lastly B finally C shortly D recently 2 While we don't agree, we continue to be friends.

A Because B Where C Although D Whatever

3 In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very

busy recently. A thought B account C mind D brain

4 You must shine your shoes. A polish B clear C wash D mend 5 The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident. A secrets B details C benefits D words 6 I'm content with the way the campaign has gone. A tied B satisfied C filled D concerned 7 This table is strong and durable.

A long-lasting B extensive C far-reaching D eternal 8 He endured agonies before he finally expired.

A fired B resigned C died D retreated 9 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.

A staring B laughing C shouting D smiling 10 For urban areas this approach was wholly inadequate.

A really B basically C fundamentally D completely 11 Mary has blended the ingredients.

A mixed B made C cooked D eaten 12 They agreed to modify their policy.

A clarify B change C define D develop

13 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September A play B send C show D tell

14 A notably short man, he plays basketball with his staff several times a week. A practically B considerably C remarkably D completely 15 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth. A take out B repair C push in D dig

答案：1. D 2. C 3. B 4.A 5. B 6. B 7.A 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. A 第2部分：阅读判断(第1～7题，每题1分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 AIDS

The World Health Organization (WHO) says as many as 10 million persons worldwide may have the virus that causes AIDS(艾滋病)。 Experts believe about 350 thousand persons have the disease. And one million more may get it in the next five years. In the United States， about 50，000 persons have died with AIDS. The country's top medical official says more than 90 percent of all Americans who had the AIDS virus five years ago are dead.

There is no cure for AIDS and no vaccine(疫苗) to prevent it. However， researchers know much more about AIDS than they did just a few years ago. We now know that AIDS is caused by a virus. The virus invades healthy cells， including white blood cells that are part of our defense system against disease. It takes control of the healthy cell's genetic(基因的) material and forces the cell to make a copy of the virus. The cell then dies. And the viral particles move on to invade and kill healthier cells.

The AIDS virus is carried in a person's body fluids(液体)。 The virus can be passed sexually or by sharing instruments used to take intravenous(进入静脉的) drugs. It also can be passed in blood products or from a pregnant woman with AIDS to her developing baby.

Many stories about the spread of AIDS are false. You cannot get AIDS by working or attending school with someone who has the disease. You cannot get it by touching drinking glasses or other objects used by such persons. Experts say no one has gotten AIDS by living with, caring for or touching an AIDS patient.

1 According to the WHO, there are now 10 million AIDS patients in the world. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

2 America has the largest number of AIDS patients in the world. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

3 The cause of AIDS remains a mystery to researchers. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 4 AIDS patients today cannot be cured yet. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

5 A pregnant woman with AIDS cannot pass the virus to her developing baby. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

6 It is unlikely that the Aids virus will be passed through handshaking. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

7 Men are more easily infected with AIDS than women. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

答案：1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第1~8题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第1-4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 Facts about Stroke

5 A stroke can happen to anyone at any moment.In fact about 600,000 people have strokes

every year.For many years,there was no hope for those suffering a stroke.However,recent breakthroughs have led to new treatments.For the treatments to work,the person must get to a hospital immediately.

23.Paragraph 2__________. 24.Paragraph 3__________. 25.Paragraph 4__________. 26.Paragraph 5__________.

A Effects of a stroke B Annual cost of stroke in the US

C Definition and description of a stroke D Breakthroughs in treatment E Risk factors of stroke F Warning signs of a stroke

27.When a stroke occurs,the arteries leading to and within the brain__________. 28.A person's vision is likely to be affected if a stroke__________. 29.Some people can reduce their risk of stroke if they__________. 30.New treatments are now available to people who__________.

A suffer from a stroke B will be affected C change their lifestyles D will take place E occurs at the back of his/her brain F controls various body functions

答案：23.C 24.A 25.E 26.D 27.B 28.E 29.C 30.A 阅读理解

阅读下面短文，短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 Wayne Beno

Wayne Beno was a true outdoorsman.Fishing,boating,hunting,walking through the woods with his three dogs,Wayne loved and did it all.Then life changed dramatically.Wayne was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease(帕金森氏病).

\"For the next thirteen years I took 28 pills a day,had horrible side effects,and even with all those pills I still had lots of shaking and tremors(颤抖).I only went out during peak times,when I was looking and feeling my best.But that wasn't often and I really couldn't do much of anything.I felt like the life I loved was over,\"said Wayne.

Then Wayne's doctor in Green Bay suggested he consider a breakthrough surgical option being offered at Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin called Deep Brain Stimulation(刺激)(DBS).DBS is a surgical option used to treat disabling movement disorders related to Parkinson's disease,essential tremor and more.It is not a cure,but significant improvement is seen in most movement disorder cases,with relatively low risk to the patient.

In addition to his doctor's recommendation,Wayne had a neighbor and fishing friend who had the DBS procedure at Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin.His friend's experience convinced Wayne that the 180-mile trip from his home in Crivitz,Wisconsin could be well worth the effort.

And was it ever.\"It was the best thing I ever did.I'm down to zero pills a day and I don't shake at all,\"reports Wayne.\"Before the surgery,I felt bad every single day.Now I feel like my old self.I'm back to business as usual,which for me means fishing,fishing,and more fishing,every day of the year.Things just couldn't be any better!\"

1.Before getting Parkinson's disease,Wayne loved A.social activities. B.outdoor activities. C.productive activities. D.quiet activities.

2.What was true of the pills Wayne took for 13 years?

A.They cured his disease. B.They produced terrible side effects. C.They stopped his shaking and tremors.

D.They enabled him to go out as often as before. 3.Deep Brain Stimulation is most effective for A.mental disorders. B.chronic diseases.

C.permanent brain injuries. D.disabling movement disorders. 4.Wayne had a neighbor and fishing friend who

A.worked as a doctor. B.was against the DBS procedure.

C.benefited from the DBS procedure. D.was a victim of the DBS procedure. 5.After the surgery,Wayne felt

A.completely recovered. B.bad every single day.

C.pain every now and then. D.worse than before the surgery. 答案：B B D C A

第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Landmines

Worldwide there are estimated to be 120 million landmines (地雷) spread through 62 countries. _____(1) The United Nations is currently involved in 14 mine-clearing operations around the world but it estimates that, at current rate, it will take 1,000\"years to remove all the world's landmines.

Landmines are a favorable weapon because they cost so little to produce - about 3 pounds per mine. _____(2)

Landmines cause the death or injury of 70 people a day, of whom most are civilians. _____(3) In fact, about half the landmines active today lie in unmarked fields, in countries no longer in conflict.

And landmines do not only kill and maim (使残废); they also hold back economic development. In Afghanistan, for example, where the former Soviet Army laid down an estimated ten million landmines, more than half of the land which could be cultivated for agriculture is useless because it is so heavily mined. According to Eileen Maybin of the Charity Christian Aid, mines also condemn people to relying on overseas aid - aid which is often provided by governments which provided the landmines in the first place:

\"_____(4) Because there are landmines on agricultural land, people are actually dependent on food aid. This is one of the ironies of the situation - that governments are providing money for food aid when, if the mines were cleared, people would be able to feed themselves.\"

Forty-nine countries have so far signed the United Nations Inhumane Weapons Convention, which restricts the manufacture and export of landmines. _____(5) But some signatories (签约国) of the UN Convention, such as the UK, continue to support the manufacture and export of these weapons. The British Government says that it won't support a complete ban because it considers the landmine a legitimate (合法的) military weapon if it is used responsibly.

A A further 19 countries, including the USA, France, Germany and Japan, have banned all exports of landmines completely.

B However, the cost of locating and removing them is high - between 300 pounds and 700

pounds per mine.

C A recent UN gathering of world leaders in Vienna, Austria, failed to secure a complete ban on the manufacture and sale of landmines.

D And every year, for every 100,000 mines removed, another two million are put down.

E Landmines are actually destroying the social fabric and economic independence of countries.

F And many of the casualties occur in countries where war has long since ended. 答案：D B F E A 第6部分：完形填空

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

Rise in Number of Cancer Survivors

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States,after heart disease.In the (1)__________,it was often considered a death sentence.But many patients now live longer(2)__________of improvements in discovery and treatment.

Researchers say death(3)__________in the United States from all cancers combined have fallen for thirty years.Survival rates have increased for most of the top fifteen cancers in both men and women,and for cancers in(4)__________.

The National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention studied the number of cancer survivors.A cancer survivor is defined(5)__________anyone who has been found to have cancer.This would include current patients.

The study covered the period(6)__________1971 to 2001.The researchers found there are three(7)__________as many cancer survivors today as there were thirty years ago.In 1971,the United States had about three-million cancer(8)__________.Today there are about ten-million. The study also found that % of adults with cancer can expect to still be(9)__________in five years.Thirty years ago,the five-year survival rate was 50%.The government wants to (10)__________the five-year survival rate to 70% by 2010.

The risk of cancer increases with age.The report says the majority of survivors are 65 years and (11)__________.

But it says medical improvements have also helped children with cancer live(12)__________longer.Researchers say 80% of children with cancer will survive at least five years after the discovery.About 75% will survive at (13)__________ten years.

In the 1970s,the five-year survival rate for children was about 50%.In the 1960s,most children did not survive cancer.Researchers say they(14)__________more improvements in cancer treatment in the future.In fact,they say traditional cancer-prevention programs are not enough anymore.They say public health programs should also aim to support the (15)__________numbers of cancer survivors and their families.

1.A.past B.present C.future D.old

2.A.due B.because C.despite D.regardless 3.A.chances B.results C.orders D.rates 4.A.men B.women C.children D.people 5.A.as B.by C.at D.for

6.A.between B.from C.during D.since 7.A.numbers B.periods C.times D.rounds

8.A.survivors B.patients C.coctors D.researchers 9.A.strong B.alive C.healthy D.happy 10.A.fix B.lower C.study D.increase 11.A.older B.old C.younger D.young 12.A.very B.rather C.much D.more 13.A.little B.least C.less D.better

14.A.expect B.suspect C.estimate D.think 15.A.small B.growing C.fixed D.mixed 答案：1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.D 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.B 2014年职称英语考试卫生类模拟套题四词汇选项

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 1 Mary has blended the ingredients．

A mixed B made C cooked D eaten 2 They agreed to modify their policy．

A clarify B change C define D develop

3 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September. A play B send C show D tell

4 A notably short man，he plays basketball with his staff several times a week. A practically B considerably C remarkably D completely 5 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth. A take out B repair C push in D dig

6 It is absurd to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow． A ridiculous B funny C odd D foolish

7 A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water. A muddied B polluted C mixed D troubled 8 The room is dim and quiet．

A tiny B pleasant C dark D agreeable

9 The index is the government's chief gauge of future economic activity A measure B opinion C evaluation D decision

10 It's prudent to start any exercise program gradually at first． A workable B sensible C possible D feasible 11 He is renowned for his skill.

A remembered B recommended C praised D well-known 12 You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position． A maintain B establish C acquire D support 13 She stood there, trembling with fear.

A jumping B crying C swaying D shaking 14 Medical facilities are being upgraded．

A renewed B repaired C improved D increased 15 Mary looked pale and weary．

A gloomy B ugly C silly D exhausted

答案：1. A 2. B 3. C 4.C 5. A 6. A 7.B 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D12. A 13. D 14. C15. D

第2部分：阅读判断(第1～7题，每题1分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

The Spanish Flu Epidemic

If you're worried about the possibility of a coming bird flu epidemic, you can take comfort in the fact that humanity has survived a similar influenza epidemic in the past. Starting its rounds at the end of World War I, the 1918 flu killed an estimated 50 million people.

Popularly known as the Spanish Flu, this type of influenza was far worse than your common cold. Normally, influenza only kills those who are more vulnerable to disease, such as newborns, the old or the sick. However, the Spanish Flu was prone to killing the young and healthy. Often it would disable its victims in hours; within a day, they would be dead, typically from extreme cases of pneumonia(肺炎).

The Spanish Flu was quite nasty-fast-spreading and deadly. It managed to spread across the globe, devastating the world. Then suddenly, after two years ravaging(蹂躏)the Earth, it disappeared as quickly as it had arisen.

Despite its nickname, the Spanish Flu did not originate in Spain. Its true origins are unknown. Some believe it started in US forts and then spread to Europe as America joined the war; others think that it populated the trenches of the English and the French and eventually broke out in 1918. Regardless of where it started, eventually a fifth of the world population suffered the disease, with a global mortality rate(死亡率)estimated at 2.5% of the population.

Modernity was partly to blame for the quick spread of the disease. It passed throughout the world on trade routes and shipping lines. It hit Northern America, Europe, Asia, Africa and the South Pacific. The war did not help at all-the movement of supplies and troops aided the spread of the Spanish Flu, as well as the trench warfare. Imagine the speed at which a virus can spread in a crowded ditch. The fast emergence of the virus in the trenches caused some soldiers to believe that the Spanish Flu was a new form of biological warfare.

Luckily, the Spanish Flu simply vanished by 1920. It is believed the flu simply ran out of fuel to spread.

1. The Spanish Flu started during World War I. A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

2.The Spanish Flu posed a greater threat to the old and the sick. A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

3.As the Spanish Flu was spreading, people in Australia were worried. A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

4.The Spanish Flu disappeared two years after it broke out. A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

5.The Spanish Flu was named after the place where it started. A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

6.About half of the people in the world suffered from the Spanish Flu. A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

7.Biological warfare originated in the 20th century. A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

答案：1 A 2 B 3C 4A 5 B 6 B 7 C

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第1~8题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第1-4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

A personal look at Klinefelter Syndrome

1 I was diagnosed with kllnefelter syndrome (KS)(遗传性细精管发育不全)a little more than a year ago, at the age of 25, in February 1996. being diagnosed has been a big sigh of relief after a life of frustrations. Throughout my early childhood and adolescence, I was very shy, reserved, and had trouble making friends. I would fly into rages for no apparent reason, my parents knew when I was very young that there was something about me that wasn't tight.

2 I saw many psychologists, psychiatrists(精神科医生),therapists(临床医学家),and doctors, and their only diagnosis was \"learning disabilities\". In the seventh grade, I was told by a psychologist that I was stupid and lazy, and I would never amount to anything. After barely graduating that I was stupid school, I started out at a local community college. I received an associate degree in business administration, and never once sought special help. I transferred to a small liberal arts college to finish up my bachelor of science degree, and spent an extra year to complete a second degree. Then I started a job as a software engineer for an Internet-based company. I have been using computers for 17 years and have learned everything︳needed to know on my own.

3 To find out my KS diagnosis,︱had gone to my genera︱physician for a physical examination. He noticed that my testes(睾丸) were smaller than they should be and sent me for blood work. The karyotype (染色体组型)showed KS 47 XXY, After seeing the symptoms of KS and what effects they might have, ︱ found it described me perfectly. But, decide that there could be things much worse in life. ︱decided to take a positive approach.

4 There are several types of treatments for KS. I give myself a testosterone(睾丸素)injection once every two weeks. My learning and thought processes have become stronger, and I take greater pleasure in meeting other people and have become more of a leader. granted, not all of this is due to the increased testosterone level, some of it is from a new confidence level and from maturing.

5 I feel that parents who are finding out prior to the birth of their son that he will have KS are very lucky. There is so much they can do to help their child have a great life. I have had almost all of the symptoms at some time in my life, and I've gotten through and done well. 23. paragraph2 24. paragraph3 25. paragraph4 26. paragraph5

A helping your unlucky kid to succeed in life B struggling for a normal life amid frustrations C giving up hope after the KS diagnosis D starting a new life after the KS diagnosis

E keeping your unlucky kid from knowing the truth F adopting a positive attitude toward the KS diagnosis 27 the writer used to be pretty

28 the write was once considered by a psychologist to be 29 upon learning about the KS diagnosis, the writer felt 30with their parents' help, children with KS can live

A a great life B relieved and happy C a life of frustrations

D a good-for-nothing E shocked and depressed F shy and reserved 答案： B F D A F D E A 阅读理解

阅读下面短文，短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 Chronic Diseases:The World’s Leading Killer

Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the world.Yet health experts say these conditions are often the most preventable.Chronic diseases include heart disease,stroke,cancer,diabetes(糖尿病)and lung disorders.

The World Health Organization says chronic diseases lead to about seventeen million early deaths each year.This United Nations agency expects more than three hundred eighty million people to die of chronic diseases by two thousand fifteen.It says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in developing nations.

The WHO says chronic diseases now cause two-thirds of all deaths in the Asia-Pacific area.In ten years it could be almost three-fourths.People are getting sick in their most economically productive years.In fact,experts say chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people in poorer countries than in wealthier ones.

The WHO estimates that chronic diseases will cost China alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the next ten years.That estimate represents the costs of medical treatment and lost productivity.Russia and lndia are also expected to face huge economic losses. Kim Hak-Su is the head of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.Last ween in Bangkok he presented a WHO report on the problem.It says deaths from chronic diseases have increased largely as the result of economic gains in many countries. The report details the latest findings from nine countries.They include Brazil,Britain,Canada,China,India and Nigeria.The others are Pakistan,Russia and Tanzania.

Mister Kim says infectious and parasitic(寄生的)diseases have until recently been the main killers in Asia and the Pacific.But he says they are no longer the major cause of death in most countries.

Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deaths from chronic diseases could be prevented.They say an important tool for governments is to restrict the marketing of alcohol and tobacco to young people.Also,more programs are needed to urge healthy eating and more physical activity.

UN officials aim through international action to reduce chronic-disease deaths by two percent each year through two thousand fifteen.They say meeting that target could save thirty-six million lives.That includes twenty-five million in Asia and the Pacific.

1.How many people in developing countries will probably die of chronic diseases by 2015? A.More than 17 million. B.More than 380 million. C.More than 304 million. D.More than 25 million.

2.Due to chronic diseases China will have to face

A.great pressure from other countries. B.a limited economic market. C.a shortage of the labor force. D.huge economic losses.

3.Which can NOT be learned from the passage? A.Many chronic-disease deaths are preventable.

B.Chronic diseases are the major cause of death in most countries.

C.Chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people than elderly people. D.Eonomic gains in many countries have contributed to chronic-disease deaths. 4.Until recently the main killers in Asia and the Pacific have been A.economic gains. B.lost productivity. C.chronic diseases.

D.infectious and parasitic diseases.

5.Which is NOT mentioned as a way to prevent chronic-disease deaths? A.Timely medical treatment. B.Healthy eating.

C.More physical activity.

D.Reduction in drinking and smoking. 答案： C D C D A

第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Why Would They Falsely Confess?

Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesn't seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation (审讯) room

Under the right conditions, people's minds are susceptible (易受影响的) to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings (盘问) is enormous.(1) \"The pressure is important to understand, because otherwise it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn't do. The answer is: to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess.\"

Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine ho~ likely people are to confess to, things they didn't do.(2) The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the \"alt\" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.

Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed.(3) Of the 15- to 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12- to 13-year-olds.

\"There's no question that young people are more at risk,\" says' Saul Kassin, a psychology professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results.(4)

Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire \"interrogation\" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation-not hours of aggressive questioning-and still, most participants falsely confessed.

Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. (5)

A In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the \"alt\" key, because doing so would crash the systems.

B \"In some ways,\" says Kassin, \"false confession becomes a rational decision.\"

C \"It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental (牙齿的) drill,\" says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley. D \"But adults are highly vulnerable too.\"

E How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?

F Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession. 答案：1. C 2. A 3. F 4. D 5. B 第6部分：完形填空

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 World Heart Day

Sunday was World Heart Day.The World Heart Federation and its member groups in more than one hundred countries organized the celebrations.The World Health Organization and other United Nations agencies provided support for the(1).

World Heart Day was first observed six years(2).Organizers proposed the event as a way to help reduce the spread of heart disease.The World Heart Federation says heart(3)kills seventeen million people each year.

The group urges people to be active and have a good,healthy diet.It also warns(4)activities known to increase a person's risk of heart attack or stroke.

Some of the warnings are directed at children.The World Heart Federation says about twenty-two million boys and girls under the age of five are obese-severely overweight.

Children are normally energetic and active.(5),two thirds of all children are not active enough.Such children greatly(6)their risk of becoming obese.They also increase their(7)of developing heart disease or other disorders.

One message of World Heart Day is to eat right.Children(8)eat a healthy and balanced diet.Also,limit sugary drinks,sweets and eating between meals.

The World Heart Federation urges parents to keep their children(9).It says physical exercise helps to decrease the risk of obesity and (10)a child healthy.Obese children often become obese adults.(11)you believe your child is too heavy,talk with a health care provider.

The World Heart Federation is also concerned about the effects of tobacco on young people.It says the younger someone begins to smoke,the (12)the chance of a health problem tied to smoking.Half of the young people who continue to smoke are (13)to die later in life from a smoking-related disease.

The group says almost half of all children live with a smoker.It says children who live with a (14)can breathe an amount of tobacco equal to more than two thousand cigarettes.And that is by the time they are five years old.

The World Heart Federation also says parents should warn children not to be(15)by tobacco companies.And it says parents who smoke should try to stop.

1.A.group B.event C.organization D.agency

2.A.earlier B.before C.ago D.past

3.A.accident B.health C.disease D.beating 4.A.against B.toward C.upon D.onto

5.A.Therefore B.However C.Hence D.But 6.A.manage B.lower C.meet D.increase 7.A.mood B.desire C.age D.risk 8.A.may B.might C.should D.will 9.A.young B.happy C.early D.active

10.A.maintains B.protects C.keeps D.helps 11.A.If B.Although C.After D.Because 12.A.greater B.harder C.slimmer D.lesser 13.A.supposed B.possible C.likely D.lucky 14.A.patien tB.relative C.parent D.smoker

15.A.influenced B.bought C.employed D.troubled 答案：51.B 52.C 53.C .A 55.B 56.D 57.D 58.C 59.D 60.C 61.A 62.A 63.C .D 65.A 2014年职称英语考试卫生类模拟套题五

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.I have been trying to quit smoking.

A.give up B.pick up C.build up D.take up 2.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.

A.moved B.touched C.surprised D.worried

3.The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain. A.question B.problem C.title D.topic

4.This is not typical of English，but is a feature of the Chinese language. A.particular B.characteristic C.remarkable D.idiomatic 5.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job. A.simply B.almost C.totally D.completely

6.These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears. A.stem B.rely C.develop D.grow

7.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others. A.easy B.possible C.likely D.difficult

8.They have the capability to destroy the enemy in a few days. A.possibility B.necessity C.ability D.probability 9.We have never seen such gorgeous hills.

A.beautiful B.stretching C.spreading D.rolling 10.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps. A.10ads B.layers C.pyramids D.piles 11.The news will horrify everyone.

A.attract B.terrify C.tempt D.excite

12.The article sketched the major events of the decade. A.described B.offered C.outlined D.presented 13.I won’t tolerate that kind of behavior.

A.bear B.receive C.admit D.take

14.Their style of playing football is utterly different. A.barely B.scarcely C.hardly D.totally 15.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.

A.advised B.caused C.forced D.promised 阅读判断

Eruptions of Mount Saint Helens

On March 27, the U. S. Government scientists made a decision after they predicted the eruption of Mount Saint Helens. They telephoned all states and local officials in the area and told them that a serious eruption was possible at any time. Roads were closed to every one except scientists and forest keepers struggled to keep curious visitors away from the mountain.

Shortly after noon on March 27, Mount Saint Helens erupted for the first time in 123 years. People living north of the mountain heard a loud boom that shook their windows, and airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2, 100 meters into the sky.

Later, scientists found that the explosion had made a new crater(大坑) in the top of the mountain, not far from the old crater. The north side of the peak now had a huge bulge(凸出部分) where rock and ice had been pushed out by the eruption.

A second eruption shook the mountain on March 28. It, too, sent up a column of black ash high into the sky. By March 29, scientists flying over the mountain saw that a second crater formed about 9 meters from the first one. Strange blue flames flickered(闪烁) inside the crater and sometimes jumped from one crater to the other.

By April 1 the mountain had erupted several more times and the snow on the north slope of the peak was black with ash. Ash carried by the wind had fallen on towns as far as 240 kilometers away from Mount Saint Helens.

During the first week of April, Mount Saint Helens gave scientists something new to worry about harmonic tremors(震动) recorded by scientists showed a big eruption would happen. All during April and into May Mount Saint Helens continued to shudder(震动) and shoot out ash. By April 8, the two craters had merged to form a vast hole nearly a half of a kilometer wide and 250 meters deep.

Scientists main worry during this time was the growing bulge of rock and ice on the north face of the mountain. By May 7 scientists feared the worst. Their warnings led Washington Governor to set up safety zones around the mountain. The inner “red ” zone was open to scientists only. The outer “blue” zone was open only to people who got special permits. But in spite of these warnings, some people got past the road barriers and risked their lives trying to get close to the volcano.

1. American scientists predicted that Mount Saint Helens was to erupt soon.  A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 正确的答案是: A

2. Pilots flying at the height of more than 2, 100 meters saw a thick black column of ash and steam shooting up into the air from the crater.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 正确的答案是: C

3. A new crater, which was to the south of the old one, was formed after the second eruption.

 A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 正确的答案是: C

4. The quakes recorded during the first week of April in the area of Mount Saint Helens warned scientists of a new eruption.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 正确的答案是: A

5. Two scientists lost their lives during the second eruption of Mount Saint Helens.  A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 正确的答案是: C

6. Most of the dreadful eruptions of Mount Saint Helens took place in early May. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 正确的答案是: A

7. The eruption of Mount Saint Helens attracted a large number of foreign tourists.  A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 正确的答案是: C Hurricanes (龙卷风)

1. Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. But in 1953, female names were given because of the unpredictability (不可预知的) factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist (性别歧视的) nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.

2. Hurricanes and typhoons (台风) are the same things. If they form in the Atlantic, we call these strong storms hurricanes, from the West Indian word hurricane, meaning \"big wind.\" And if they are Pacific storms, they are called typhoons from the Chinese taifun, meaning \"great wind.\" To be classified as a hurricane, the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. These storms are big, many hundreds of miles in diameter.

3. Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored-up energy. All water vapor gives out heat as it condenses (凝结) from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator (赤道). To make a hurricane, you must have extremely wet, warm air, the kind of air that can only be found in tropical regions.

4. Scientists have determined that the heat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hour. In just one day alone, the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year! The problem is that we don't know how to make such great energy work for us.

5. Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters. It moves at a typical speed of 15 mph. But not always. Some storms may race along at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain in the same location in the ocean for several days. It can be maddening (发疯的) if you live in a coastal area that may be hit.

6. The biggest advance in early detection is continuous watch from weather satellites. With these, we can see the storms form and track them fully, from birth to death. While they can still kill people and destroy property, hurricanes will never surprise any nation again. 23 Paragraph 1__________ 24 Paragraph 2__________ 25 Paragraph 3__________

26 Paragraph 4__________

A A Short History of Naming Hurricanes B Harnessing the Hurricane Energy

C Difficulty in Forecasting the Course of a Hurricane D Huge Energy Stored in a Hurricane

E Forecasting a Hurricane Through Satellite Watching F Different Names for the Same Things

27 Both male and female names are used for hurricanes in consideration of __________ .

28 Using weather satellites can ensure__________ of hurricanes. 29 Energy specialists may be interested in__________of hurricanes.

30 Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane due to __________ . A the timely (及时的) discovery B convenience C sex equality

D its connection with humans, E the huge power F its uncertainly 答案

23. A 24. F 25. D 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. E 30. F Characteristics of Publicity

Publicity offers several benefits. There are not costs for message time or space. An ad in prime-time television may cost $250,000 to $5000,000 or more per minute, whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything. However, there are costs for news releases, a publicity department, and other items. As with advertising, publicity reaches a mass audience. Within a short time, new products or company policies are widely known.

Credibility about messages is high, because they are reported in independent media. A newspaper review of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper, because the reader associates independence with objectivity. Similarly, people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than to ads. For example, Women's Wear Daily has both fashion reports and advertisements. Readers spend time reading the stories, but they flip through the ads. Furthermore, there may be 10 commercials during a half-hour television program or hundreds of ads in a magazine. Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly.

Publicity also has some significant limitations. A firm has little control over messages, their timing, their placement, or their coverage by a given medium. It may issue detailed news releases and find only portions cited by the media, and media have the ability to be much more critical than a company would like.

For example, in 1982, Procter & Gamble faced a substantial publicity problem over the meaning of its 123-year-old company logo. A few ministers and other private citizens believed resulted in the firm receiving 15,000 phone calls about the rumor in June alone. To combat this negative publicity, the firm issued news releases featuring prominent clergy that refuted the rumors, threatened to sue those people spreading the stories, and had a spokesperson appear on Good Morning America. The media cooperated with the company and the false rumors were temporarily put to rest. However, in 1985, negative publicity became so disruptive that Procter &

Gamble decided to remove the logo from its-products.

A firm may want publicity during certain periods, such as when a new product is introduced or new store opened, but the media may not cover the introduction or opening until after the time it would aid the firm. Similarly, media determine the placement of a story; it may follow a report on crime or sports. Finally, the media ascertain whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it. A company-sponsored fobs program might go unreported or receive three-sentence coverage in a local newspaper. 练习：

1. The author mentions all of the following advantages of publicity except A) Having no time costs. B) Having attentiveness.

C) Having high credibility. D) Having high profitability.

2. the second paragraph indicates that people are more likely to believe stories

A) in a newspaper than in a women's daily. B) In a newspaper than in a magazine. C) In an independent newspaper than in a dependent newspaper. D) In a magazine than in a local newspaper.

3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A) A firm can control and time publicity accurately.

B) A firm can neither control nor time publicity accurately. C) A firm can either control or time publicity accurately.

D) In most cases a firm can control and time publicity accurately. 4. The example in Paragraph 4 is intended to demonstrate A) the power of publicity. B) the victim of publicity.

C) the terrible effect of rumors. D) the vulnerability of people to publicity. 5. The passage implies that

A) the placement of a story is not quite important. B) the report of a crime may not be true.

C) local newspapers are not interested in company-sponsored programs. D) publicity is not always necessary. Keys: DCBAD

Growing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus, trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers.

Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs. They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and ____(1)____. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. They offer familiarization and workshop tours ____(2)____. Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. In this way agents learn ____(3)____ and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel - planes; ships, trains, motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases. Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, ____(4)____, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.

The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers, ____(5)____. Carriers are

dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.

A including car-rental and sight-seeing services.

B so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours. C in preparing effective advertising campaigns D as a result tourism is flouring in all countries

E hotels rely upon agencies F to explain destinations KEYS:CBFEA

The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers, ____(5)____. Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.

A including car-rental and sight-seeing services.

B so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours. C in preparing effective advertising campaigns D as a result tourism is flouring in all countries E hotels rely upon agencies F to explain destinations KEYS:CBFEA

2014年职称英语考试卫生类模拟套题六

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb. A. play B. send C. show D. tell

2. The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him.

A. long B. never-ending C. boring D. extensive 3. She could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart. A. natural B. fatal C. tiny D. enormous

4. The book made a great impact on its readers.

A. force B. influence C. surprise D. power 5. Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance.

A. pleasant B. colorful C. fashionable D. different 6. He was not eligible for the examination because he was over age. A. competitive B. diligent C. qualified D. competent. 7. Her novel depicts an ambitious Chinese.

A. writes B. sketches C. describes D. indicates 8. Don't irritate her, she's on a short fuse today. A. tease B. attract C. annoy D. protect 9. It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.

A. ridiculous B. funny C. odd D. interesting 10. I notified him that my address had changed.

A. informed B. observed C. mocked D. misled 11. The manager allocate duties to the clerks.

A. assign B. persuade C. ask D. order 12. The once barren hillsides are now good farmland. A. hairless B. bare C. empty D. bald

13. It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000. A. challenged B. assumed C. deducted D. decreed 14. We must abide by the rules.

A. stick to B. persist in C. safeguard D. apply 15. From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just funny.

A. position B. point of view C. knowledge D. opinion Eruptions of Mount Saint Helena

On March 27, the US Government scientists made a decision after they predicted the eruption of Mount Saint Helens; they telephoned all states and local officials in the area and told them that a serious eruption was possible at any time. Roads were closed to every one except scientists and forest keepers struggled to keep curious visitors away from the mountain.

Later, scientists found that the explosion had made a new crater (大坑) in the top of the mountain, not far from the old crater. The north side of the peak now had a huge bulge (凸出部分) where rock and ice had been pushed out by the eruption:

A second eruption shook the mountain on March 28. It, too, sent up a column of black ash high into the sky. By March 29, scientists flying over the mountain saw that a second crater formed about 9 meters from the first one. Strange blue flames flickered (闪烁) inside the crater and sometimes jumped from one crater to the other.

During the first week of April, Mount Saint Helens gave scientists something new to worry

about: harmonic tremors (震动) recorded by scientists showed a big eruption would happen. All during April and into May Mount Saint Helens continued to shudder (震动) and shoot out ash. By April 8, the two craters had merged to form a vast hole nearly a half of a kilometer wide and 250 meters deep.

Scientists' main worry during this time was the growing bulge of rock and ice on the north face of the mountain. By May 7 scientists feared the worst. Their warnings led Washington Governor to set up safety zones around the mountain. The inner \"red\" zone was open to scientists only. The outer \"blue\" zone was open only to people who got special permits. But in spite of these warnings, some people got past the road barriers and risked their lives trying to get close to the volcano.

16 American scientists predicted that Mount Saint Helens was to erupt soon. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

17 Pilots flying at the height of more than 2,100 meters saw a thick black column of ash and steam shooting up into the air from the crater. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

18 A new crater, which was to the south of the old one, was formed after the second eruption. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

19 The quakes recorded during the first week of April in the area of Mount Saint Helens warned scientists of a new eruption. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

20 Two scientists lost their lives during the second eruption of Mount Saint Helens. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

21 Most of the dreadful eruptions of Mount Saint Helens took place in early May. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

22 The eruption of Mount Saint Helens attracted a large number of foreign tourists. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

参16. A17. B18. B19. A20. C21. B22. Air Transportation

Airplanes are used to carry passengers, cargo and mail. Air transport companies operate scheduled airlines and non-scheduled services over local, regional, national, and international routes. The aircraft operated by these companies range from small single-engine planes to large multiengine jet transports.

The first air passenger services began in 1910, when dirigibles began operation between several German cities. The first scheduled airplane service to carry passengers began in the U.S in 1914. Several experimental airmail flights took place in India, Europe, and the United States before World War I, but air transport service did not become a true business until after the war. During World War Two, intercontinental air transport became firmly established. After the war the new long-distance transports with advanced facilities were increasingly able to avoid storms and strong wind and make flights more economical and consistent. A new generation of \"jumbo-jet\" transports began operations in 1970, and the supersonic transport entered passenger service in 1976.

During the 1970s the number of domestic passengers on U.S airlines increased about 78%, and during the 1980s the figure was up about 58%. In 1990 there were 41.8 million international passengers, the figure was a 75% increase over 1980. The total cargo flown by U.S airlines almost

doubled during the 1980s, from 5.7 billion to 10.6 billion ton-miles in 1990.

Major airports provide a wide range of facilities for the convenience of millions of travelers. These range from such basic services as ticket-sales counters and restaurants to luxury hotels, shopping centers and play areas for children. International airports must also have customs areas and currency-exchange counters and so on. EXERCISE:

1. Paragraph 2 _____. 2. Paragraph 3 _____. 3. Paragraph 4 _____. 4. Paragraph 5 _____.

A Airport services B Training of pilots C Beginning period D Rapid growth in the U.S. E Development F Competition 5. Air transport companies use different plans ____. 6. The United States was the country where ____.

7. The forty years from the 1930s to the 1970s was an important period ___. 8. Nowadays airports provide all kinds of services ____. A in the development of air transportation

B the earliest passenger flights were successfully operated C to make travel easy and pleasant for the passengers D to provide different services E the shortage of qualified pilots F traveling by air was very cheap KEY: C E D A D B A C Where Have All the Frogs Gone?

In the 1980s, scientists around the world began to notice something strange: Frogs were disappearing. More recent research has shown that many kinds of amphibians (两栖动物) are declining or have become extinct. They have been around for a long time - over 350 million years. Why are they dying out now?

Scientists are seriously concerned about this question. First of all, amphibians are an important source of scientific and medical knowledge. By studying amphibians, scientists have learned about new substances that could be very useful for treating human diseases. Further research could lead to many more discoveries, but that will be impossible if the amphibians disappear.

The most serious aspect of amphibian loss, however, goes beyond the amphibians themselves. Scientists are beginning to think about what amphibian decline means for the planet as a whole. If the earth is becoming unlivable for amphibians, is it also becoming unlivable for other kinds of animals and human beings as well?

Scientists now believe that amphibian decline is due to several environmental factors. One of these factors is the destruction of habitat, the natural area where an animal lives. Amphibians are very sensitive to changes in their habitat. If they cannot find the right conditions, they will not lay their eggs. These days, as wild areas are covered with houses, roads, farms, or factories, many kinds of amphibians are no longer laying eggs. For example, the arroyo toad (蟾蜍) of southern California will only lay its eggs on the sandy bottom of a slow-moving stream. There are very few streams left in southern California, and those streams are often muddy because of building

projects. Not surprisingly, the arroyo toad is now in danger of extinction.

There are a number of other factors in amphibian decline. Pollution is one of them. In many industrial areas, air pollution has poisoned the rain, which then falls on ponds and kills the frogs and toads that live there. In farming areas, the heavy use of chemicals on crops has also killed off amphibians. Another factor is that air pollution has led to increased levels of ultraviolet (UV) light. This endangers amphibians, which seem to be especially sensitive to UV light. And finally, scientists have discovered a new disease that seems to be killing many species of amphibians in different parts of the world.

All these reasons for the disappearance of amphibians are also good reasons for more general concern. The destruction of land, the pollution of the air and the water, the changes in our atmosphere, the spread of diseases - these factors affect human beings, too. Amphibians are especially sensitive to environmental change. Perhaps they are like the canary (金丝雀) bird that coal miners once used to take down into the mines to detect poisonous gases. When the canary became ill or died, the miners knew that dangerous gases were near and their own lives were in danger.

36 Losing amphibians means losing

A knowledge about fatal human diseases. B knowledge about air and water pollution. C a chance to discover new medicines. D an opportunity to detect poisonous gases. 37 Amphibians lay their eggs

A in any stream they can find, B in places without UV light, C only on sand. D only in the right conditions 38 The arroyo toad is disappearing because

A it has been threatened by frogs. B it is losing its habitat.

C a disease has been killing its eggs. D it can't bear the cold of winter. 39 Coal miners once used the canary bird to detect

A poisonous gases. B air pollution. C water leakage. D radiation. 40 Scientists think that the decline of amphibians could

A cause environmental change. B cause a decline in other kinds of animals. C be a warning signal for human beings. D be a good sign for human beings. 参：36 C 37 D 38 B 39 A 40 C

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Don't rely on plankton to save the planet

Encouraging plankton growth in the ocean has been touted by some as a promising way to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. ___1___.

Adding iron to patched of ocean can make plankton bloom temporarily. The microscopic organisms suck up dissolved carbon dioxide from the water，which in turn is replaced by carbon dioxide from the air. ___2___.

Jorge Sarmiento from Princeton and his colleagues developed a complex computer model to analyze how factors such as ocean chemistry and water circulation would affect the process if 160，000 square kilometers of ocean were seeded with iron for a month. ___3__.

In their scenario, which covers an area 10 times as big as the largest experiment of this kind ever proposed, fertilizing the ocean removes 1 million tons of carbon from the atmosphere- just 0.2 percent of the carbon dioxide humankind spews out each month.

Rough estimates in the past have predicted similarly disappointing results. __4__ Says Sallie Chisholm，an environmental engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “But the take-home message is the same. ___5___.”

A. Its opponents argue, however, that it will stop global warming.

B. Its opponents fear that will damage the marine ecosystem, and now a computer model shows that the trick would also be remarkably inefficient.

C. As plankton die and settle on the ocean floor, their carbon is supposedly locked up in the seabed.

D. They found that 100 years later only between 2 and 11 percent of the extra carbon that was originally taken up plankton had actually been removed from the atmosphere. E. “These are newer and better models,\"

F. Ocean fertilization is not the answer to global warming. 参：B、 C 、D、 E 、F Biological Identification Technologies

When a person walks，the movement of his head，trunk，and limbs(肢体)are a reflected in changes in his body.A computer stores these database(数据库).Later，the computer can accurately to these changes.This is a new biological identification quickly identify an examinee without disturbing him.

Eve body’S voice is_______(51)into a_______(52)him according________(53)and it can_________().When a person’S voice is recorded by an instrument，his voice frequency spectrum(频谱)is called sound print fingerprint，eye.body’S sound print is different.How can a computer his sound? First，his voice is recorded_________(55)a fingerprint, everybody’s sound print is different. How can a computer________(56)his sound? First, his voice is recorded,________(57)allows the computer to become familiar with his voice.It will then turn his sound characteristics into a series of digits(数字).These are the _________(58)on which the computer can distinguish his voice from another's.

We often bring ID cards，work cards，or driving licenses with US to _________(59)our identity.If all these cards are forgotten or lost，how can we prove whom we are? in________(60)，it's not difficult to prove whom you are________(61)your body itself has identifying markers.Some are physiological(生理的)features，such as fingerprints，一sounds，facial(面部的)types and eye color.The computer can________(62)to identify you.Suppose your features have already been________(63)in the database.To identify you.we have to take your picture with a camera and send it to a computer for________().First，the computer needs to reposition this picture according to the position of your eyes，and then starts to read the ________(65)of your physiological features such as the ratio of your pupil to the whites of your eyes and the shape of your nose.Next，it seeks matching records from the database.Finally, it makes a decision. 51. A parts B changes C positions D directions 52. A identify B inform C affect D bother 53. A number B card C level D method . A soft B loud C unique D clear 55. A With B Like C For D As

56. A distinguish B make C gather D develop 57. A who B where C that D which 58. A reasons B causes C basis D origin

59. A prove B create C hide D protect 60. A all B fact C summary D casewww. 61. A unless B though C so D because 62. A stop B help C mean D continue

63. A stored B borrowed C searched D linked . A printing B researching C processing D filing 65. A point B picture C size D message 2014年职称英语考试卫生类模拟套题七

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.These are their motives for doing it.

A.reasons B.excuses C.answers D.plans 2.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west. A.twists B.stretches C.broadens D.bends 3、Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.

A.abuse B.flavor C.temptation D.consumption 4.These programmes are of immense value to old people. A.natural B.fatal C.tiny D.enormous 5.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation. A.maintain B.improve C.assess D.protect 6.John is collaborating with Mary in writing an article.

A.cooperating B.competing C.combining D.arguing 7.He is determined to consolidate his power.

A.strengthen B.control C.abandon D.exercise 8.Many scientists have been probing psychological problems. A.solving B.exploring C.settling D.handling

9.Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits. A.removed B.cured C.worsened D.relieved

10.And the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory. A.functions C.motions B.faults D.parts 11.The food is insufficient for three people.

A.instant B.infinite C.inexpensive D.inadequate 12.Thousands of people perished in the storm.

A.died B.suffered C.floated D.scattered 13.But in the end he approved of our proposal.

A.undoubtedly B.certainly C.ultimately D.necessarily 14.For young children，getting dressed is a complicated business. A.strange B.complex C.personal D.funny

15.In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management. A.evaluation B.efficiency C.production D.publicity Black holes

Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate. A black hole in the universe is not a solid object,like a planet ,but it is shaped like a sphere(球体).

Astronomers(天文学家) think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite(无限的) density(稠密). This single point is called a singularity(奇点). If the singularity theory is correct ,it means that when a massive star collapses,all the material in it disappears into the singularity. The center of a black hole would not really be a hole at all, but an infinitely dense point. Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by its great gravity.

Although black holes do exist, they are difficult to observe. These are the reasons. ?

No light or anything else comes out of back holes. As a result,they are invisible to a telescope. ?

In astronomical terms, black holes are truly tiny. For example, a black hole formed by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon(视界) only 18 miles across. ?

The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth. One light year is about 6 trillion(万亿) miles. Even the most powerful telescopes could not pick out an object so small at such a great distance.

In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist. There are still answers to be found, however, so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the mysteries of the universe.

16 Black holes are part of space. A Right B Wrong C No mentioned

17 Black holes exist but are difficult to observe. A Right B Wrong C No mentioned 18 The center of a black holes is empty. A Right B Wrong C No mentioned

19 The attraction of two large stars leads to gravity. A Right B Wrong C No mentioned

20 The sun is the heaviest star in the universe. A Right B Wrong C No mentioned

21 The nearest black holes are hundreds of light years away from us. A Right B Wrong C No mentioned

22 The Hubble Space Telescope helps scientists to understand the nature of the universe. A Right B Wrong C No mentioned 参：A A B C C B A 答案解析：

16 A 第一段第二行首句a black hole in the universe???指明本题答案。本题中space 不是空间，而是宇宙、太空的意思，跟课文中universe同义。

17 A 答案在第二段第一句话里：Although black holes do exist, they are difficult to observe。

18 B 这个陈述是错误的。第一段第三行的句子astronomers think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite density。天文学家认为黑洞中心有个密度无限大的点，所以黑洞并不是空的。

19 C 关于gravity(重力)是怎么形成的，文章中没有提到。

20 C 这个问题——太阳是宇宙中最重的星球——文章中也没有提到。

21 B 第二段给出的第三个原因the nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth表明离我们最近的黑洞有dozens of(许多，好几打)而不是hundreds of(成百上千的)光年，所以本题描述错误。

22 A 最后一段第一句告诉我们Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist哈勃望远镜提供了黑洞存在的证据，正是通过这种方式，哈勃望远镜帮助科学家们更好地了解了宇宙的本质。因此该陈述正确。 Icy Microbes

1.In ice that has sealed a salty Antarctic lake for more than 2,800 years, scientists have found frozen bacteria and algae that returned to life after thawing. The research may help in the search for life on Mars, which is thought to have subsurface lakes of ice.

2.A research team led by Peter Doran of the University of Illinois at Chicago drilled through more than 39 feet of ice to collect samples of bacteria and algae. When Doran’s team brought them back and warmed them up a bit, they sprang back to life.

3.Doran said the microbes have been age-dated at 2,800 years old, but even older microbes may live deeper in the ice sheet sealing the lake, and in the briny water below the ice. That deeper ice and the water itself will be cautiously sampled in a later expedition that will test techniques that may one day be used on Mars.

4.Called Lake Vida, the 4.5-square—kilometer body is one of a series of lakes located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, some 2,200 kilometers due south of New Zealand. This lake has been known since the 1950s, but people ignored it because they thought it was just a big block of ice. While at the site for other research in the 1990s, Doran and his colleagues sent radar signals into the clear ice covering the lake and were surprised to find that 62 feet below there was a pool of liquid water that was about seven times more salty than seawater.

5.That prompted the researchers to return in 1996 with equipment to drill a hole down to within a few feet of the water layer. At the bottom of this hole, researchers harvested specimens of algae and bacteria.

6.The researchers will return in 2004 equipped with instruments that are sterilized. They will then drill through the full 62 feet of ice and sample some of the briny water from the lake for analysis. The water specimen will be cultured to see if it contains life. Specimens from the water are expected to be even older than the life forms extracted from the ice covering. 练习：

1.Paragraph 2 _____ 2.Paragraph 3 _____ 3.Paragraph 4 _____ 4.Paragraph 6 _____

A. Significance of Testing Techniques for Sampling Microbes in the Deep Ice Sheet B. Special Features of Lake Vida C. Later Expedition on Mars D. 2004 Revisit Planned for Collecting Lake Water Specimens E. Antarctic Frozen Life Sampled and Revived

F. Accidental Discovery of Ice-sealed Lake Water in Antarctica

5.Scientists ignored Lake Vida because they thought that a lake of ice _____.

6.Scientists expect that the life, if found in deeper water below the ice sheet, _____. 7.What the scientists will do in 2004 _____.

8.The salt concentration in the liquid water of Lake Vida _____.

A. is found to be a great deal higher than that of seawater B. was of little scientific value C. may be older than that collected below 39 feet of ice D. might have come from Mars E. is to collect some briny lake water for analysis

F. may return to life sooner than microbes frozen in the surface ice 5. Signing the FCTC is only the first step toward__________.

6. Countries that ratify the FCTC will have to, among other things__________. 7. It is hoped that the FCTC will greatly help to reduce deaths__________. 8. Much more countries have signed the FCTC that those that__________. A. have ratified it B. approving it

C. implement its provisions D. restrict smoking in public places E. caused by tobacco use F. including higher tobacco taxes 答案：EAFD BCEA Adult Education

1 Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find out about new technological developments, seek better self-under-standing, or develop new talents and skills.

2 This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs, and professional associations.

3 Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving from rural areas to cities, new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults.

4 The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s,with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics' institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727.

5 People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs. 23 Paragraph 2 __________ 24 Paragraph.3 __________ 25 Paragraph 4 __________ 26 Paragraph 5 __________

A Necessity for developing adult education B Early days of adult education C Ways of receiving adult education D Growth of adult education E Institutions of adult education F Definition of adult education 27 Some adults want to learn __________.

28 There are various forms of adult education, including __________. 29 Adult education has been made necessary __________.

30 The earliest organized adult education __________.

A by social and economic changes B guided self-study and correspondence courses C by studying together with children D what they did not manage to learn earlier E dates hack to the eighteenth century F mass production 23 C本段的主题是成人教育的不同方式。

24 A本段从社会、经济、工业等因素介绍了发展成人教育的必要性。 25 B本段介绍了早期的有组织的成人教育计划。

26 D本段简述了人们对成人教育的认识和成人教育的发展。

27 D动词learn后面缺的是它的宾语，填入的是个由what引导的宾语从句。

28 B including提示后面要求填入的是前面说的成人教育的各种形式中的若干种。 29 A has been made necessary被动式的出现说明后面很可能会跟一个by短语，当然从意义上考虑不应该是C。

30 E date是动词，date back to的意思是“追溯到„„”。 Mobile Phone and Diseases

A study by scientists in Finland has found that mobile phone radiation can cause changes in human cells that might affect the brain, the leader of the research team said.

But Darius Leszczynski, who headed the 2-year study and will present findings next week at a conference in Quebec（魁北克）, said more research was needed to determine the seriousness of the changes and their impact on the brain or the body.

The study at Finland’s Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority found that exposure to radiation from mobile phones can cause increased activity in hundreds of proteins in human cells grown in a laboratory, he said.

“We know that there is some biological response. We can detect it with our very sensitive approaches, but we do not know whether it can have any physiological effects on the human brain or human body,” Leszczynski said.

Nonetheless the study, the initial findings of which were published last month in the scientific journal Differentiation, raises new questions about whether mobile phone radiation can weaken the brain’s protective shield against harmful substances.

The study focused on changes in cells that line blood vessels and on whether such changes could weaken the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, which prevents potentially harmful substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream, Leszczynski said.

The study found that a protein called hsp27 linked to the functioning of the blood-brain barrier showed increased activity due to irradiation and pointed to a possibility that such activity could make the shield more permeable（能透过的）, he said.

“Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink—not the blood vessels but the cells themselves—and then tiny gaps could appear between those cells through which some molecules could pass.” he said.

Leszczynski declined to speculate on what kind of health risks that could pose, but said a French study indicated that headache, fatigue and sleep disorders could result.

“These are not life-threatening problems but can cause a lot of discomfort,” he said, adding that a Swedish group had also suggested a possible link with Alzheimer’s disease. “Where the truth is do not know,” he said.

Leszczynski said that he, his wife and children use mobile phones, and he said that he did not think his study suggested any need for new restrictions on mobile phone use.

36 According to Leszczynski, how does mobile phone affect one’s health?

[A] Mobile phone radiation can increase protein activities and such activities can make the protective shield more permeable.

[B] Mobile phone radiation can shrink the blood vessels and prevent blood from flowing smoothly.

[C] Mobile phone radiation will bring stress to people exposed to it. [D] Mobile phone radiation kills blood cells at a rapid speed.. 37 What’s the result of the French study?

[A] The harm of mobile phone radiation is life-threatening. [B] Mobile phone may affect one’s normal way of thinking. [C] Sleep disorders could result from mobile phone radiation. [D] A protein called hsp27 is killed by mobile phone radiation. 38 What kind of disease is not caused by the use of mobile phone? [A] Fatigue. [B] Headache.

[C] Alzheimer’s disease. [D] Tuberculosis..

39 According to the passage, what would be the future of the use of mobile phone? [A] People will be forbidden to use mobile phone.

[B] People dare not use mobile phone because of its radiation. [C] People will continue to use mobile phone.

[D] There will be new restrictions on the use of mobile phone. 40 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

[A] The research in Finland found that mobile phone radiation will affect one’s brain.

[B] Mobile phone radiation can cause increased activity in hundreds of protein in human cells.

[C] Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink.

[D] Lszczynski forbid his wife and children to use mobile phone after his research. Financial Risks

Several types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.

Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business. They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk,__1__ which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or__2__. One company, for example, shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.

Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have

discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk,__3__.

Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects. Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers __4__. International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. __5__, devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipate a d, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs. Exercise:

A to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning

B any other disagreement over which payment is withheld C however, is competition

D so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market

E Before rates were permitted to float F After serious consideration 参: CBDAE

Car Thieves could Be Stopped Remotely

Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in a nasty surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine 1 , he will not be able to start it again. For now, such devices 2 only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and 3 be available to ordinary cars in the UK 4 two months.

The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the carincorporates 5 miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. 6 the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine 7 restarted.

There are even plans for immobilizers 8 shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.

In the UK. an array of technical fixes is already making 9 harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,” says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part 10 the motor insurance industry.

He says it would only take him a few minutes to 11 a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.

Modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will not 12 them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key. In the UK, technologies like this 13 achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.

But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken using the owner’s keys double the previous year’s figure.

Remote-controlled immobilization system would 14 a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance

companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the 15 expects. 1. A. off B. on C. at D. of 2. A. is B. was C. were D. are

3. A. can B. have to C. need to D. should 4. A. after B. for C. in D. at 5. A. the B. / C. a D. an

6. A. With B. If C. But D. And 7. A. helping B. being C. get D. be 8. A. whose B. who C. that D. when 9. A. life B. cars C. warning D. problem 10. A. about B. to C. by D. on

11. A. use B. inform C. ask D. teach 12. A. let B. allow C. make D. give

13. A. have helped B. helped C. had helped D. was helped 14. A. speak B. have C. link D. put

15. A. lawyer B. doctor C. customer D. specialist 答案：ADDCC BBCAC DBADC 2014年职称英语考试卫生类模拟套题八

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.She eventually married the most persistent one of her admirers. A.in a way B.in due course C.in the end D.in any case 2.Five minutes left，the outcome of the match was still in doubt. A.result B.judgment C.decision D.event 3.The reporter was accused of unprofessional conduct. A.movement B.words C.principle D.behavior 4.He made a considerable sum of money in real estate. A.large B.positive C.powerful D.realistic 5.A crowd gathered to see what had happened.

A.collected B.fixed C.divided D.assisted 6.If I made a mistake，I will try to remedy it.

A.clarify B.diagnose C.evaporate D.correct 7.We derive information mainly from the Internet. A.deprive B.obtain C.descend D.trace 8.His sole motive was to make her happy.

A.aim B.argument C.capability D.pursuit 9.He could not tolerate the extremes of heat in the desert. A.bear B.hate C.like D.criticize

10.These factors interact intimately and cannot be separated. A.tensely B.nearly C.carefully D.closely

11.She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb. A.play B.send C.show D.tell

12.The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him.

A.long B.never-ending C.boring D.extensive

13.She could not answer，it was an immense load off her heart. A.natural B.fatal C.tiny D.enormous 14.The book made a great impact on its readers. A.force B.influence C.surprise D.power 15.Accompanied by cheerful music，we began to dance. A.pleasant B.colorful C.fashionable D.different An Observation and an Explanation

It is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resting is rather revealing. Careful studies have shown the fact that 80 percent of mothers hold their infants in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations, But a detaileed analysis shows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed femates; but not enough to provide adequate explanation. It emerges that 83 percent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but so do 78 percent of left-handed mothers. In other words, only 22 percent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. Clearly there must be some other, less obvious explanation.

The only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the side of the mother's body. Could it be that the sound of her heartbeat is the vital factor? And in what way? Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother the unborn baby get used to the sound of the heart beat. If this is so, then the re-discovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a claiming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been born into a strange and frighteningly new world. If this is so then the mother would, somehow, soon arrive at the discovery that her baby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart than on the right.

16. We can learn a lot by observing the position in which a mother holds her baby against her body.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

17. Most left-handed women feel comfortable by holding their babies in their left arm and keep the right arm free.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

18. The number of right-handed mothers who hold the baby on the left side exceeds that of left-handed ones by 22％.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

19. The fact that most left-handed mothers hold the baby on their left side renders the first explanation unsustainable.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

20. The fact that the heart is on the left side of the mother's body provides the most convincing explanation of all.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

21. A baby held in the right arm of its mother can be easily frightened. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

22. The writer's explanation of the phenomenon is supported by the fact that babies tend to be more peaceful if held in their mothers' left arms than in the right arms. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned Women's Rights Movement

1 Women's rights are guarantees of political, social, and economic equality for women in a society that traditionally gives more power and freedom to men. Among these rights are control of property, equality of opportunity in education and employment, right of voting, and freedom of marriage. Today, complete political, economic, and social equality with men remains to be achieved.

2 Male control was obvious from the time of the earliest written historical records, probably as a result of men's role in hunting and warfare. The belief that women were naturally weaker and inferior to men was also found in god-centered religions. Therefore, in most traditional societies, women generally were at a disadvantage. Their education was limited to learning domestic skills, and they had no access to positions of power. A woman had no legal control over her person, her own land and money, or her children.

3 The Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution, which caused economic and social progress, provided a favorable climate for the rise of women's rights movement in the late 18th and 19th century. In 1848 more than 100 persons held the first women's rights convention in New York, and the feminists demanded equal rights, including the vote.

4 In the late 1960s women made up about 40 percent of the work force in England, France, Germany, and the United States. This figure rose to more than 50 percent by the mid-1981s. A commission under the President was established in 1960 to consider equal opportunities for women. Acts of Congress entitled them to equality in education, employment, and legal rights. In 19 the Civil Rights Act, initially intended only for blacks was extended to women.

5 The objectives of the women's movement included equal pay for equal work, federal support for day-care centers, recognition of lesbian(女性同性恋) rights, making abortion legal, and the focus of serious attention on the problems of forced sex relations, wife and child beating, and discrimination against older and minority women. 23 Paragraph 2 ___________ 24 Paragraph 3 ___________ 25 Paragraph 4 ___________ 26 Paragraph 5 ___________ A Goals

B History of Women's Rights Movement C Start of Women's Rights Movement D Traditional Status of Women E Rights of Women F Development

27 In some religions, women were considered ___________.

28 Traditionally the law did not allow women to have the control over ___________. 29 Women's rights movement started in the ___________. 30 Acts of Congress gave women the right of ___________.

A late 18th century

B equal education and employment with men C weaker and lower in social position D early 20th century E her children

F the rights of voting 参：

23 D 24 C 25 F 26 A 27 C 28 E 29 A 30 B Career With a Uniform

Want to be the next Xu Sanduo? The TV drama Soldiers’Sortie (Shebang Tuji) might have caused millions of young people to dream idly of putting on an army uniform and going off to boot camp.

In fact, a large number of students graduating might consider doing just that. Last month, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) announced that there will be 120,000 job openings this year for college grads. So, one out of every 50 grads has a chance if he or she would like to march down to the local recruiting office. Anyone enlisting will get preferential treatment in tuition compensation and in job opportunities.

This decision comes against a backdrop of bad employment news and a cooling economy. This year’s recruitment quota outnumbers last year’s 39,000 by about three-fold.

“It’s important to pull in fresh, talented people who can deal with the new equipment and a high-tech military to modernize the nation’s defense,” said Bai Zixing, a senior officer in the PLA General Staff Department.

The age limit for college recruits has been raised to 24, and there’s one more important policy change: Grads who have already volunteered to sign up can quit if they change their minds after finding another job before November, the deadline for enlistment. This gives grads an extra choice in starting a career.

The following is a list of preferential things that college grads qualify for if they join the army:

A one-time recruitment payment of up to 24,000 yuan, to cover four years of college tuition and loans (this has to be returned if the person is forced to leave the army before completing the service contract).

Priority in promotions and in getting admitted to military academies.

Anyone with a bachelor’s degree or above and a good performance record can be promoted to the rank of officer directly, if they meet certain other criteria. An ordinary soldier may need a couple of years longer to get there.

Anyone with a junior college degree can go on for a bachelor’s degree without having to take the entrance exams.

Anyone wanting to take the grad school entrance exam after completing their service can add 10 points to the exam results.

Anyone getting a merit citation second class can enter grad school without taking the exam after completion of the service obligation.

There are no restrictions on things like going abroad after the service period, unless one deals with confidential work in the army.

41 According to the passage, all of the following reasons make many college grads choose to

join the army EXCEPT:_________.

[A] The Story of Xu Sanduo causes young people to dream to put on a uniform [B] The grads are facing a grim employment situation

[C] The pay from the PLA is relatively higher than the grads can earn in other jobs

[D] The PLA offers a series of preferential treatments for college grads who join the army. 正确答案：C 试题解析： C 文章并未提及大学生参军的工资待遇比其他工作所提供的薪酬高，而A、B、D三个因素均可在文章中找到。

42 It can be inferred that about students graduating consider join the army_________. [A] 120,000 [B] 6,000,000 [C] 39,000 [D] 2,000,000. 正确答案：B

试题解析： B 文章第二段说，今年给大学毕业生提供了120，000个工作岗位，而每50个打算参军的大学毕业生中就有1个人有机会去工作，因此可以推知今年约有6,000,000名大学毕业生考虑从军。

43 Besides the backdrop of bad employment news and a cooling economy, which of the following causes the PLA to raise this year’s recruitment quota? [A] The TV drama Soldiers’ Sortie is high in the ratings.

[B] The PLA wants to attract high-quality personnel to meet the need of hi-tech sector in the nation’s defense.

[C] The PLA is increasing the size of the army.

[D] Some students who have already volunteered to sign up may change their minds.. 正确答案：B

试题解析： B 从第四段可知，除了为缓解毕业生就业压力之外，大规模招募人才也是科技强军、国防现代化的需要。

44 Why does the author think that the grads are given an extra chance in starting a career? [A] The one-time recruitment payment offered by the PLA may ease the grads’ economic burden.

[B] The grads who join the army have more chances to further their study after completing their service.

[C] Grads who have already volunteered to sign up can give up before the deadline for enlistment if they can find another job that is more suitable.

[D] No restrictions are made on things like going abroad after the service period.. 正确答案：C

试题解析： C 文章第五段提及，如果大学毕业生在11月份征兵工作结束前找到其他更理想的工作，仍然可以改变主意，重新选择职业，这就给为他们提供了多一次选择的机会。 45 The word confidential in the last paragraph could best be replaced by _________. [A] concise [B] professional [C] creative [D] secret. 正确答案：D 试题解析： D 从最后一段可以推测出confidential的意思是“保密性的”，因此“secret”最为接近。

Stars in Their Eyes

The Scientific American Book of the Cosmos edited by David Levy, Macmillan, ￡20, ISBN 0333782933

Previous generations of scientists would have killed to know what we know. For the first time

in history, we have a pretty good idea of the material content of the Universe, our position within it and how the whole thing came into being.

In these times of exploding knowledge there is a definite need to take stock and assemble what we know in a palatable (受欢迎的) form. (46)__________

The essays in The Scientific American Book of the Cosmos have been selected by David Levy, co-discoverer of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9, which in 1994 struck Jupiter with the violence of several full-scale nuclear wars. (47) __________This is certainly a great collection of essays, but it is not, as the book promises, a seamless (完美的，无缝隙的) synthesis of our current knowledge.

Nobody can fault the range of articles Levy has included. There are essays on the planets, moons and assorted debris (碎片) in the Solar System, and on our Galaxy, the Milky Way. (48)__________

The contributors, too, are stars in their own fields. Not many books can boast chapters written by such giants as Erwin Schrodinger and Francis Crick. My personal favorites are a piercingly clear essay by Albert Einstein on general relativity and an article by Alan Guth and Paul Steinhardt on the inflationary (膨胀的) Universe.

So much for the book’s content. But Levy has not succeeded in providing an accurate synthesis of our current knowledge of the cosmos, which the book jacket promises. Gathering together previously published articles inevitably leaves subject gaps, missing explanations and so on. (49)__________ But there isn’t one. In fact, surprisingly for a book so densely packed with information, there is no index.

Collecting essays in this way is clearly a good publishing wheeze (巧妙的). But this approach shortchanges the public, who would be better served by an account molded into a seamless whole. (50) __________However, for the next edition, please, please can we have an index?

A Tegmark fears he may hold the record for the longest time taken to read one book.

B In a more positive vein, this is a wonderful collection of essays to dip in and out of if you already have a good overview (概述) of current cosmic understanding. C Levy is an active astronomer and an accomplished writer, so you’d expect him to provide a broad and accurate picture of our current understanding of the cosmos.

D Scientific American has attempted to cater to this need by bringing together essays that have appeared in the magazine.

E To some extent, these could have been plugged with a glossary (词表) of terms.

F Also included are contributions on the world of subatomic particles, the origin of life on Earth and the possibility of its existence elsewhere. 参： 46. D47. C48. F49. E50. B A Powerful Influence

There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet, hardly (1) ______ doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are (2) ________ to find out why the Internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be (3) ________ to their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time (4) ________ their computers?

Obviously; if children are bent over their computers for hours, (5) ________in some game, instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how

much use the child should (6) ______ of the Internet, and the child should give his or her (7) ______ that it won’t interfere with homework. If the child is not (8) ______to this arrangement, the parent can take more drastic (9) ______ dealing with a child's use of the Internet is not much different from (10) ______ any other soft of bargain about behaviour.

Any parent who is (11) ______ alarmed about a child's behaviour should make an appointment to (12)______ the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not (13) ______ affect a child's performance at school. Even if a child is (14) ______ crazy about using the Internet，he or she is probably just (15) ______through a phase, and in a few months there will be something else to worry about! 词汇：

drastic / 'dræstik / adj.严厉的，极端的 phase / felz / n. 阶段，时期

arrangement / ?'reind?m?nt / n. 安排注释：

1. ... make a huge difference ... :„„造成巨大改变„

2. ... children are bent over their computers for hours ... : bend over: „„埋头苦干，孩子们在电脑上花费了数小时...... 练习：

1. A) always B) rarely C) never D) ever

2. A) worried B) concerned C) curious D) hopeful 3. A) harming B) harmful C) hurting D) hurtful

4. A) staring at B) glancing at C) looking D) watching 5. A) supposed B) occupied C) interested D) absorbed 6. A) do B) have C) make D) create 7. A) word B) promise C) vow D) claim

8. A) holding B) sticking C) following D) accepting 9. A) rules B) procedures C) regulation D) steps

10. A) dealing B) negotiating C) having D) arranging 11. A) widely B) heavily C) seriously D) broadly 12. A) speak B) discuss C) talk D) debate

13. A) possibly B) necessarily C) probably D) consequently 14. A) absolutely B) more C) quite D) a lot

15. A) going B) passing C) travelling D) walking 答案与题解：

1. D 此句句意为\"在他们的课余时间几乎不做其他的事情\"，其中 hardly ever 为固定搭配意为\"几乎不\"等同于 never。

2. C 考查固定搭配。其中A 选项 be worried about 8th. 意为\"对„„表示忧虑\";B 选项 be concerned about 意为\"对„„感到担心\";D 选项 hopeful 意为\"有希望的\"，与句意不符;而 C选项 be curious to sth. 意为\"对„„表示好奇\"，与句意一致。故选 C。 3. B harmful 泛指伤害，而 hurt 强调情感、精神的伤害，根据题意应选民

4. A四个选项都表示看的意思，stare at 表示\"盯着看\" ，glance at 表示\"瞟一眼\" ，100k 泛指看，watch 有观察之意。本句句意为\"孩子们花了大量的时间盯着电脑看\"，故选 A。 5. D 考查固定搭配。此句句意为\"如果孩子在电脑主花费了太长时间，如沉迷网络游戏不是做功课。\"A 选项 suppose to ..意为\"猜想” B 选项 occupy on sth. 表示\"专注于某事\"，

C 选项 interest in 意为\"对„„感兴趣\"，而 D 选项 be absorb in sth. 表示\"沉浸在„„\"，与句意相符。故选 D

6. C. 考查固定搭配 make use of sth. 表示\"利用\"。

7. A 考查固定搭配。此句意为\"„„并且孩子应该保证这不会干预他的功课。\"，A 选项 word 意为\"诺言\";B 选项 promise 意为\"许诺，允许尸 ;C 选项 vow 意为\"发誓\" ;' D 选项 claim 意为仔声称;断言\"，并且 give word to = promise 表示\"许诺\"，符合句意。故选 A。 8. A 此句句意为\"如果孩子没坚守这个安排„„\"从句子的意思上'看这里有\"坚持\"的意思，所以应该在 A 和 B 之间选择，hold to表示\"坚持”，stick to 表示“坚持（信念，理想）“ 选择 A 。

9. D 固定搭配 take step to do sth. 意为\"采取措施做某事\"。

10. B 此句句意为\"„„这样与协商任何关于这样的行为的讨价还价无异。\"A 选项 dealing 意为\"处理\";D 选项 arranging 意为\"安排，排列\";只有 B 选项 negotiate 意为谈判，协商\"，与句意相符。故选 B。

11. C 从句子的意思上看这里有\"严重\"之意，只有 C 表示此意。widely表示\"广泛地\"，heavily 表示\"沉重地\" ，broadly 表示\"广泛地\"。

12. B 从句子的意思上看这里有\"讨论\"之意!，discuss sth. with sb. 表示\"刷某人讨论某事\"debate sth. with sb 表示\"和某人辩论某事\"。

13. B 从句子的意思上看这里有\"必要\"之意，consequently 表示\"结果是\"。 14. A absolutely 表示\"完全地\"，根据句意，这里没有比较的意思，所以排除 B ，quite 表示\"相当\"，根据上下文选择 A。 15. A 考查固定搭配。此句的句意为\"„他也许仅仅是在度过个时期，几个月以后还会有其他事情去担心。\"B 选项 passing 与 though 搭配意为\"穿越\"C 选项 traveling 与 though搭配意为\"经过\";D 选项 walking 与 though 搭配意为\"走过，草率地处理\";而 A 选项 go through 意为\"度过\"，与句意相符。故选 A 。 2014年职称英语考试卫生类模拟套题九

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.I have been trying to quit smoking.

A.give up B.pick up C.build up D.take up 2.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.

A.moved B.touched C.surprised D.worried

3.The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain. A.question B.problem C.title D.topic

6.These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears. A.stem B.rely C.develop D.grow

7.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others. A.easy B.possible C.likely D.difficult

8.They have the capability to destroy the enemy in a few days. A.possibility B.necessity C.ability D.probability

9.We have never seen such gorgeous hills.

A.beautiful B. stretching C.spreading D.rolling 10.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps. A.10ads B.layers C.pyramids D.piles 11.The news will horrify everyone.

A.attract B.terrify C.tempt D.excite

12.The article sketched the major events of the decade. A.described B.offered C.outlined D.presented 13.I won’t tolerate that kind of behavior.

A.bear B.receive C.admit D.take 14.Their style of playing football is utterly different. A.barely B.scarcely C.hardly D.totally 15.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.

A.advised B.caused C.forced D.promised Motion Sickness

Living in space looks like lots of fun. You can do certain things in space (like floating around, or pushing huge objects) that you cannot do on earth. But being in space can do things to you, too. If you stay too long in a gravity-free environment, your bones could become weak, and a small spaceship just might annoy you after a while, because space travel could make you seasick!

On July 4, 1982, after seven days orbiting the earth, astronauts Thomas K. Mattingly and Henry W. Hartsfield returned home. Although not all of the experiments on board worked properly, the flight basically seemed to be a success except for one \"little\" thing: early in the flight, astronaut Hartsfield became \"seasick\".

Thomas Mattingly, who is also a jet pilot and is highly resistant to motion sickness on earth, did much better. Mattingly sailed through space with a steady stomach. But no one knows why Hartsfield felt uneasy and Mattingly did not.

So far it seems there is no reliable way to predict who will become motion sick in outer space and who will not. in all, at least four astronauts have suffered from space motion sickness. Russian and American scientists are working together to try to understand and solve the motion sickness. Space program officials worry that if so many highly-trained pilots get sick in space, what will happen when civilians start flying in the shuttle?

Motion sickness is a disagreeable feeling that comes from the pitching, rolling, swaying, or just the moving of the object you are riding in or on. Symptoms of motion sickness include: dizziness, headache, a sinking feeling in the stomach, and vomiting.

Why does motion make some people ill?

Doctors believe that motion sickness is caused by a disturbance in the inner ear. Our ears do more than give us hearing. A part of the ears gives us a sense of balance and helps make us aware of whether we are right side up or upside down.

If you know that you get carsick or seasick, what can you do?

Speak to your doctor. There are certain medicines available that can help stop that uneasy feeling. But many of them can also make you sleepy. Usually they work best taken before you begin feeling ill.

Some people also recommend water, ice cubes, mints, or plain toast. But these remedies do

not always work for everyone.

Perhaps, since motion sickness is such a big problem in outer space, researchers may soon find a way to cure the astronauts - and those of us who stay on earth.

16 Floating in space for too long a time may also do harm to one's lungs and heart. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

17 At the end of the flight, Hartsfield became \"seasick\". A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

18 Mattingly was much thinner than Hartsfield. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

19 Russian and American scientists are working together to solve the problem of motion sickness in astronauts.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

20 Untrained civilians are more likely to suffer from motion sickness in a spacecraft A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

21 The motion sickness some astronauts suffered from during space travel had been caused by the defective digestive system.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

22 People suffering from motion sickness during space travel can alleviate its symptoms by eating or drinking something.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

【参】16. C 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. A 21. B 22. C Earthquake

1 Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake.

2 There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0.

3 The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth's surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth's crust and continental drift.

4 In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake.

5 Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.

23 Paragraph 2 __________

24 Paragraph 3 __________ 25 Paragraph 4 __________

26 Paragraph 5 __________ A Earthquake's Forecast B Historical Records of Earthquakes C Intensities o{Earthquakes D Cause of Earthquakes E Indications of Earthquakes F Damaging Earthquakes

27 Not all damage during an earthquake is caused __________. 28 Not all earthquakes are strong enough __________.

29 Scientists have been working hard to warn people __________.

30 Earthquakes can be predicted by observing __________. A by the quake itself B not be prevented

C to cause damage of property and loss of lives D of a possible earthquake

E the unusual behaviors of some animals F the strong behaviors of human beings

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 The Weight Experiment

Nicola Waiters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a \"caioriineier\" (热量测试室) is one way to find out.

1. The signs above the two rooms read simply “Chamber One” and “Chamber Two”. These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads, \"Please do not enter work in progress\" and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers (记录) every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram axe passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.

2. Nicola Walters is one of the twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness program.

A.self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert (广告) for volunteers at her gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out.

3. The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence (次序) was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 a.m. on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, bet daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis.

4. The scientists help volunteers impose (确立) a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. “The first time, I only took one video and a book, but It was OK because I watched TV

the rest of the time,” says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled (踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn't go too fast.

5. It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full, Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions.

23. Paragraph 1_______ 24. Paragraph 2_______ 25. Paragraph 3_______ 26. Paragraph 4_______

A.What does the calorimeter look like inside?

B.What program was designed for the experiments? C.What is a calorimeter?

D.What is the first impression?

E.How do the volunteers kill the time? F.Why did Nicola join in the experiments?

27. The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything_______. 28. Nicola Walters had time for the experiments

29. Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter 30. The experiments show that high-fat diets_______ A.the volunteers do

B.because she does not have a weight problem C.because the life there can be very boring D.make people overeat

E.because she was her own boss F.after passing a high-protein test Lateral Thinking

Lateral thinking (迂回思维), first described by Edward de Bono in 1967, is just a few years older than Edward's son. You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker, but de Bono name was so famous, Casper's parents worried that any time he would say something bright at school, his teachers might snap, “Where do you get that idea from?”

“We had to be careful and not overdo it,” Edward admits. Now Casper is at Oxford --which once looked unlikely because he is also slightly dyslexic (诵读困难). In fact, when he was applying to Oxford, none of his school teachers thought he had a chance. “So then we did several thinking sessions,” his father says, “using my techniques and, when he went up for the exam, he did extremely well.” Soon after, Edward de Bono decided to write his latest book, “Teach Your Children How to Think”, in which he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen into informal exercises for parents and children to share.

Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence, and everybody knows that children aren't very logical. So isn't it an uphill battle, trying to teach them to think? “You know,” Edward de Bono says, “if you examine people's thinking, it is quite unusual to find faults of logic. But the faults of perception are huge! Often we think ineffectively because we take too limited a view. ”

“Teach Your Child How to Think” offers lessons in perception improvement, of clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying and of exploring the alternatives. 36 What is TRUE about Casper? __________ A He is Edward's son.

B He is an adventurous thinker. C He first described lateral thinking. D He is often scolded by his teacher.

37 Casper succeeded in applying to Oxford because __________. A he was careful and often overworked

B all of his school teachers thought he had a chance

C he used in the exam the techniques provided by his father

D he read the book “Teach Your Child How to Think” before the exam 38 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Edward __________. A was likely to improve children's logic with his book

B gave a description of lateral thinking several years after his son was born C was prompted to study lateral thinking because his son was slightly dyslexic D once taught businessmen how to think before he wrote for parents and children

39 According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements expresses Edward de Bono's view? __________

A Everybody knows that children aren't very logical. B It is an uphill battle trying to teach children to think.

C We often think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.

D Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence. 40 Lateral thinking refers to the following EXCEPT __________. A improving one's logic in thinking

B improving one's perception in thinking

C seeing the implications of what you are saying D exploring the alternatives for what you are saying 答案：36 A关于Casper的正确说法是：A他是Edward的儿子;B他是一个开拓型思维的人;C他首次描绘了迂回思维;D他经常受老师叱责。

37 C申请牛津大学成功的原因是：A他仔细认真且经常劳累过度;B他的老师都认为他能考上;C他在考试中应用了父亲提供的技巧;D他在考试前阅读了《教会孩子如何思维》这本书。

38 D由第二段可以推断出Edward：A有可能通过他的着作改善孩子的思维逻辑;B在他儿子出生几年以后对迂回思维进行了描述;C因为儿子有点诵读困难才促使他研究迂回思维;D在为孩子和家长写书之前曾教过商人如何思维。

39 C根据第三段内容，下列选项能够表达Edward de Bono观点的陈述是：A人人都知道孩子的思维是不太合乎逻辑的;B试图教孩子思维是一场艰苦的战斗;C我们经常不能有效思维是因为我们的视野过于狭隘;D依据传统的观点，人们认为思维要按照一定的逻辑顺序进行。

40 A迂回思维指的不是下列当中的哪一项?A改进自己的思维逻辑;B改进自己的思维理解力;C了解你所说内容的含义;D为你所说内容寻求其他的替换对象。

Between 1977 and 1981, three groups of American woman, ___(1)___, between the age of 35 and 65, were given month-long tests to determine how they would respond to conditions resembling

those aboard the space shuttle.

Though ___(2)___, the women were volunteers and the pay was barely above the minimum wage. They were not allowed ___(3)____ during the tests, and they were expected to tolerate each other's company at close quarters for the entire period. Among other things they had to stand pressure three times the force of gravity and carry out both physical and mental tasks __(4)__. At the end of ten days, they had to spend a further twenty days absolutely confined to bed, during which time they suffered backaches and other discomforts, and when they were finally allowed up, the more physically active women were especially subject to pains due to a slight calcium loss. Results of the tests suggest that women will have significant advantages over men in space. They need less food and les oxygen and they stand up to radiation better. Men's advantages __(5)__, meanwhile, are virtually wiped out by the zero-gravity condition in space. EXERCISE:

A): to smoke or drink alcohol

B) carefully selected from among many applicants C) numbering 27 in all

D) in terms of strength and stamina E) those who are physically stronger

F) while exhausted from strenuous physical exercise KEY:C B A F D

Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ 1 and are more 1 likly to go on to university，reveals a major new study2 carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy3 and Sahlgrenska University Hospital．

The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)4．The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976．The research group analysed the 2 result of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army．

The study shows a clear link 3 between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test．The strongest links are for 4 thinking and verbal comprehension．But it is only fitness that plays a 5 in the results for the IQ test5，and not strength．“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung 6 and that your brain gets plenty of 7 ，\"says Michael Nilsson，professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital．“This may be one of the reasons 8 we can see a clear link with fitness，but not with muscular 9 ．We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important．”

By analysing data for twins，the researchers have been 10 to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a 11 IQ． “We have also shown that those youngsters who 12 their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance，”says Mafia Aberg，researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre．“This being the case6 ，physical 13 is a subject that has an important place in schools，and is an absolute must7 if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects．\" The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests 14 national service8 with the socio-economic status of the men later in 15 ．Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education，and many secured more qualified jobs．练习：

1．A carefully B secretly C likely D happily 2．A answers B works C scores D results 3．A behind B between C among D without 4．A logical B critical C typical D positive 5．A place B game C role D trick

6．A capacity B disease C shape D treatment 7．A change B hydrogen C oxygen D memory 8．A what B why C how D where

9．A exercise B training C strength D movement 10．A able B clever C lucky D clear

11．A moderate B average C lower D higher 12．A ignore B improve C like D determine

1 3．A examination B labour C movement D education 14．A before B after C without D during

l 5．A marriage B life C residence D servicelikely 答案与题解：

1．C本文第一句就将主题和盘托出：Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ(身体健康的年轻人智商也高)。根据此论断可以推断，智商高的人进入大学学习的可能性也高。读完全文便可知这个推断是对的。所以，本题的答案只能是likely。

2．D第二段第二句说明，该项研究的样本是1950-1976年之间入伍的120万新兵。新兵们报到时接受了体格测试和智商测试。研究人员对这两类测试的数据进行了分析。四个选项只有results符合这层意思。answers(答案)、works(作品)、scores(分数)都不合适。

3．B 上文多次论及身体健康与智商之间的关系。本句又重述两者的联系。四个选项中有个between，答案非它莫属。among是“在„„之中”，数量超过2个人或2件事时才用among。本句只说两者的关系，所以不能选among。选项behind和without的意思与上下文搭配不上。

4．A填词所在的句子的意思是，身体健康与某种思维和语言理解能力有关。某种思维是哪一种思维呢?我们可能会想到科学思维、逻辑思维、抽象思维等等。一查四个选项，发现有logical，它就是答案了。其他三个选项critical(临界的，评论的)、typical(典型的)和positive(正面的)与上下文的意思相去甚远，不会是答案。

5．C play a role是固定词组，填入所在句子后，上下文的意思连贯，所以是答案。play a place 没有这种搭配。play a game(玩游戏)和play a trick(恶作剧)与上下文的意思搭不上。 6．A 由于“Being fit means that you also have good heart and 1ung„”说的是，健康意味着心肺功能好，所以选项disease(疾病)和treatment(治疗)可以排除，而good heart and lung后接shape(形状)，意思是“好的心肺形状”，这与健康的关系也远了一些。本题只有capacity (能力)才是答案。

7．C如前所述，身体健康意味着心肺好，这与大脑有什么关系呢?常识告诉我们，呼吸顺畅，通过肺部进入血液的氧气也多；心功能良好，就能有效地将带有氧气的新鲜血液源源不断地输送到大脑，大脑就能活跃地工作。所以，选项oxygen是答案。 8．B reason(s)后面的定语从句中的关系副词要用why。 9．C 第三段第二句给本题的了线索：“But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test，and not strength．(是健康，而不是力量，对智商测试的结果起了作用)”。本题的句子重复了上述论断，所以，缺失的词应该是strength。这一次作者把strength说得更清楚，指的是muscular strength(肌肉力量)。本题的答案C。

10．A本句的意思是，研究人员分析双胞胎智商上的差异来说明智商差异不会来自基因，因为双胞胎的基因是相同的；智商差异来自后天的环境因素。填入本句最适合的词是able。clever，lucky和clear都不合适，因为研究人员只有通过分析数据才能够得出结论，而不是靠幸运、聪明等。

11．D 文章反复论述，一个人身体健康，其智商也高。本句前面用的是fitness(健壮体魄)，后面出现的是IQ，修饰它的形容词就一定是higher。

12．B 根据全文的主要论点进行判断，本题的句子表达的意思一定是增强体质与提高智商成正比。所以，填入句子的动词的词义一定与提高和改善认知能力(cognitive performance)有关。根据这一推论，入选的选项只有improve。

13．D研究一下句子“This being the case，physical is a subject„\"，就知道physical加上要填入空格中的词应该是一门学科(subject)的名称。四个选项中，只有physical education(体育)是门学科，所以，答案是D。

14．D 第二段曾说到新兵报到入伍时，接受了体格测试，本题的句子用的是复数形式的tests，说明他们在服兵役期间可能接受多次体格检查，所以要选durng(national service)，而 before、after、without都与上述意思不配合。 15．B研究人员将新兵报到入伍时体格测试和智商测试的结果和他们后来的社会经济地位进行了比较。比较的是哪方面的社会经济地位呢? 最合理的选择是later in life(后来的生活中)。而later in marriage(后来的婚姻中)、later in residence(后来的居住中)或1ater in service(后来的服务中)与社会经济地位搭配，显得十分勉强，所以不会是答案。

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