2015考研英语第一百二十八句
From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. 结构识别：
From the middle-class family perspective, much of this looks far less like A, and B more like C; 再精简点：
sth looks far less like A ,and B more like C.
（要是在B后面给逗号，可能结构会更容易识别一些，但是作者就是这样写了，我们也得受着。）
A= an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility B= a good deal
C=a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders
这个句子还有一种理解：
a great deal adv.非常 修饰 （固定搭配）
He likes to swim a great (good) deal. 他非常喜欢游泳。 再次强调：less + 否定； more + 肯定
在考场上理解到这里就可以做题了，至于怎么翻就不重要了。2007年阅读真题第三篇的句子。
2015考研英语第一百二十九句
重要通知：各地文都学员请关注暑期英语强化的上课时间，尽量在上课前做完03到08年的阅读真题；至少读完全文，查出单词，分析句子，做细节题和态度题；带着问题来听课你才更有收获！we are the best! 特此通知！KK即日！收到回复！谢谢！
The Environmental Revolution will be judged by whether it can shift the world economy into an environmentally sustainable development path, one that leads to greater economic security, healthier lifestyles, and a worldwide improvement in the human condition.
主干识别：The Environmental Revolution will be judged
其他成分： by whether it can shift the world economy into an environmentally sustainable development path, 状语
one that leads to greater economic security, healthier lifestyles, and a worldwide improvement in the human condition. 名词 path的同位语
翻译点拨：这个句子虽然长，但是不难翻译，只是注意主句的翻译： The Environmental Revolution will be judged 直接翻译：环境革命被...评判 被动转为主动就可以转译为： 判断（评价）环境革命的标准是... 记住增词不增意。2+1=2 对同位语单独成句即可。
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参考译文：评价环境革命的标准就是看它能否使世界经济转变到在环境上可持续发展的道路上，这条路能使经济有更大保障、生活方式更加健康、全球人类生活状况普遍改善。
2015考研英语第一百三十句
美国是移民大国，但是美国公司最近却热衷于搬到海外去；通过收购公司来改变自己公司的注册地进而改变最为美国公司的地位，新的注册地往往税收更低，Medtronic公司就准备收购Convidien公司。美国政府和国会当然不会坐视不管，这不就有了下面这个句子。
Were the bills introduced in Congress by Democrats proposing raising the 20% threshold to 50% to pass，this latest deal would be blocked, as Covidien investors will own just 30% of the new entity.
解析：这个句子用了虚拟语气，结构是：If the bills were to pass, this deal would be blocked. 参考译文： 民主党在国会中提议将并购的比例门槛从20%提高到50%，（the bills introduced in Congress by Democrats proposing raising the 20% threshold to 50%），如果这些议案通过了，那么这次交易就可能无法通过了（this latest deal would be blocked），因为被收购的Covidien只站到新公司的30%。
PS：补充知识点： 美国的税务部门叫IRS =Internal Revenue Service (美国)国内税务局
2015考研英语第一百三十一句
暑期强化的翻译课程已经录制完毕了，大家安心期末考试。你们遇到的问题我都会帮大家解决的！记得看句子就好！ 阅读关键还是单词和句子！ Under modern conditions，this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.
主干识别：this requires varying measures of...and hence the help of... 其他成分：Under modern conditions 状语
such as economists and operational research experts 定语修饰 scientists 翻译点拨：词的处理：
Under modern conditions 在现代条件下 requires 需要
varying measures (程度)不同的措施
centralized control 中央控制，中央调控 and hence 因此，从而
specialized scientists 专门科学家，专家
operational research experts 运行研究专家，运筹学家 特别提示：
很多A of B结构都可以将A翻译为形容词修饰B ：quality of life (有质量的生活) varying measures of centralized control 措施不同的中央控制
参考译文：在现代条件下，这需要措施不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学家和运筹学家等领域专家的协助。
2015考研英语第一百三十二句
惊艳！不容错过！丧心病狂！原子弹！ 前几天的句子有同学说比较简单，今天的句子是GRE的句子，应该够大家好好琢磨一下了。看惯了这样的句子再去看考研的句子真的就轻松了。
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不用谢，签到，点赞，看句子就好了！
These questions are political in the sense that the debate over them will inevitably be less an exploration of abstract matters in a spirit of disinterested inquiry than an academic power struggle in which the careers and professional fortunes of many women scholars-only now entering the academic profession in substantial numbers-will be at stake, and with them the chances for a distinctive contribution to humanistic understanding，a contribution that might be an important influence against sexism in our society. 词汇突破：1. in a sense 从某种意义上讲
What you say is true in a sense. 你的话从某种意义上讲是正确的。 In the sense of +短语
that+句子 (从下面的意义上讲„= 因为„)
2. disinterested 公正的；无私的；不感兴趣的；不关心的 3.Inquiry 询问，探究
4. in substantial numbers 大量的 5.sexism 性别主义（歧视） 6.distinctive 独特的，明显的 7.at stake 有风险的
主干识别：These questions are political这些问题是政治性的问题， 其他成分：由in the sense that引导出一个状语从句: 状语从句主干：
The debate over them will inevitably be less an exploration of abstract matters in a spirit of disinterested inquiry than an academic power struggle. 因为，对于这些问题的争论并不是在公正的探究精神的指导下对抽象事务的探究，而是一种学术权力的争斗。 状语从句中的定语从句：
in which the careers and professional fortunes of many women scholars-only now entering the academic profession insubstantial numbers-will be at stake在这种争斗中，很多女性学者（她们很多是现在才大量进入学术圈的）的职业和专业才能都会面临风险， 后接一个省略句，这种结构在我们之前的考研难句中是见过的： （with them） the chances for a distinctive contribution to humanistic understanding （ will be at stake）
同时，对她们而言，对于人文学科的理解做出独特贡献的机会也会处于风险之中。 最后加一个同位语解释说明前面的contribution：
，a contribution +定语从句： that might be an important influence against sexism in our society. 而这种贡献可能会对于反对我们社会中的性别歧视主义产生重大的影响。
参考译文：这些是政治性的问题，因为，对于这些问题的争论并不是在公正的探究精神的指导下对抽象事务的探究，而是一种学术权力的争斗。在这种争斗中，很多女性学者（她们很多是现在才大量进入学术圈的）职业前途和专业才能都会面临风险。同时，对她们而言，对于人文学科的理解做出独特贡献的机会也会处于风险之中。而这种贡献可能也会极大的影响到社会中对于性别歧视主义的反对。
2015考研英语第一百三十三句
But while admitting to the fullest extent the wonderful achievements of labour, and recognizing the fact that men of the most distinguished genius have invariably been found the most indefatigable workers, it must nevertheless be sufficiently obvious that, without the original
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endowment of heart and brain, no amount of labour, however well applied, could have produced a Shakespeare, a Newton, a Beethoven, or a Michelangelo.
词汇突破：to the fullest extent 完全 indefatigable 不知疲倦的
distinguished genius 杰出的天才 Invariably 总是，不变的 Endowment天赋
主干识别：it must nevertheless be sufficientlyobvious that„ 其他成分：while 引导的两个现在分词短语充当的让步状语：
while admitting to the fullest extent thewonderful achievements of labour, and recognizing the fact that men of the mostdistinguished genius have invariably been found the most indefatigable workers
that 引导一个主语从句：
without the original endowment of heart andbrain, no amount of labour, however well applied, could have produced a Shakespeare, a Newton,a Beethoven, or a Michelangelo. 其中主干为：no amount of labour could have produced a Shakespeare, a Newton, a Beethoven, or a Michelangelo.
注意： no amount of labour could have produced... = amount of labor could not have produced...
其他成分： without the original endowment of heart and brain状语 however well applied 状语
参考译文：但是，我们虽然在一方面最大程度的承认劳动所创造的辉煌成就，也承认最杰出的天才永远是最不疲倦的辛劳着，但同时，有一点也是很明显的，那就是，如果没有心智固有的天赋，无论付出多少劳动，也无论这些劳动运用的有多么恰当，也无法创造出像莎士比亚，牛顿，贝多芬，米开朗基罗这样杰出的人物。
2015考研英语第一百三十四句
强化班的翻译课上我会要求同学们把96年到14年的21年间的真题翻译都要做一遍，对大家的阅读和翻译本身都有极大的帮助。
We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational processwhich we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- thatof direct tuition or schooling. 主干识别：We are thus led to distinguisha more formal kind of education 其他成分：within the broad educationalprocess 状语
which we have beenso far considering “ process”的定语 that of directtuition or schooling. 同位语 翻译点拨：词汇的处理
distinguish 区分出„ consider考虑/讨论 tuition 直接讲授 schooling 学校教育 主句的处理
We are thus led todistinguish a more formal kind of education
直接翻译为：我们进而被引导去区分„(引导我们的就是我们自己) 翻译中常常是将被动变为主动，“得以„”是常见的替换方式，在我的课程笔记中是可以看到的。
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同位语的处理：
that of directtuition or schooling. 记中是可以看到的。
所以可以改译为：这就使我们进而得以去区分一种更加正式的教育。 状语的处理：
within the broadeducational process which we have been so far considering 定语从句可以前置
，在（我们）一直讨论的广义的教育过程中，
代词“我们”和主句的“我们”重复了，可以省略。 同位语可以处理为:“也就是„”
That 指代前面的正式教育，只是为了语言更正式可以不翻译。
参考译文： 这就使我们进而得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中去区分出一种更加正式的教育，也就是直接讲授或学校教育。 特别提示：
在翻译的过程中我们一直在遵循一种原则，那就是： 2+1 = 2 (加词不加意)
2-1 = 2（减词不减意）的原则。
2015考研英语第一百三十五句
Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.
主干识别：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world. 其他成分：to produce a unique millennium technology calendar 状语 that gives the latest dates 状语中名词calendar的定语从句
when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.前面定语中latest dates 的定语从句 翻译点拨：词汇的处理：
Pearson 皮尔森(人名音译) pieced together 汇集；综合 around the world 世界各地，全世界 produce 编制
a unique millennium technology calendar 一个独特的技术千年历 the latest dates 最近日期
key breakthroughs 重大突破，关键性突破
定语从句的处理：可以后置单独成句，也可以翻译为前置定语；
a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. 编制了一个独特的千年技术日历，这个日历给出了我们有望看到的数百个重大突破和发现能发生的最近日期。
参考译文：皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的技术千年历，编制了一个独特的千年技术日历，这个日历给出了我们有望看到的数百个重大突破和发现能发生的最近日期。
2015考研英语第一百三十六句
But the debate could not be resolved because no one was able to ask the crucial questions in a form in which they could be pursued productively.
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词汇突破： pursue 本意：追求；此处含义：研究 Productively 有效地 主干识别： the debate could not be resolved
原因状语从句：because no one was able to ask the crucial questions 状语：in a form
定语从句：in which they could be pursued productively修饰form. Which= form 参考译文：这个争论得不到解决，因为没有人能够用一种特定形式来提出一些重要 的问题。在这个形式中，这些问题才能有效地得到研究。 解析：
这里所谓的用“能让问题得到有效研究的方式来提出重要的问题=某种研究 方法” 这里相当于一个上下义词的同意替换。 体会：
我写作前问了自己三个问题：主角性格特征是什么？故事的爆点是什么？故事发生背景在哪里？后来，我的文章写的很顺利。
同意替换：我用了某种写作方法顺利的写出了文章。
所以如果出题的话后面可以给一个选项：争论得不到解决的原因是没有用到有效的研究方法。
理解到这个层面就够了。不用一一对应。
2015考研英语第一百三十七句
送大家一句话：多听，少说，接受每一个人的责难，但是保留你的最后裁决。 —— 莎士比亚
To listen, speak and accept each individual's censure, but to retain your final decision. -- Shakespeare
（觉得翻译对不上不吧，这就是文学翻译的加工，考研是不行的）
做一个独立的人，有自己的判断！有自己的向往！
Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
词汇突破: stimuli 刺激物，单数形式：Stimulus Develop 培养 capacity for appropriate responses 恰当反应的能力 intellectual development. 智力的发展=智力水平的提高 主干识别：1.Behaviorists suggest that 行为主义者认为
其他成分：2.the child will experience greater intellectual development.宾语从句 孩子将会经历更大的智力水平的提高 =儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
3.who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli定语从句 如果孩子是在一个有很多刺激因素的环境下长大的，
4.which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses定语从句 这些因素又有利于其恰当反应能力的发展
翻译点拨：依然是注意调整一下各个分句的语序。 先单独成句再按照中文语序调整一下。
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这里就是
1342的顺序比较好
参考译文：行为主义者认为，如果孩子是在一个有很多刺激因素的环境下长大的，而且这些因素又有利于其恰当反应能力的发展，那么孩子将会经历更大的智力水平的提高。
2015考研英语第一百三十八句
Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks , Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.
词汇突破：civil rights activists 人权活动者 Hispanics 拉美裔
minority groups 少数族裔 principal reason主要原因
lack access to 没有获得...的途径 subcontracts 分包合同 sizable orders 大额订单
主干： Civil rights activists have long argued that 宾语从句主干：reason is that...
定语从句：why Blacks , Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business
表语从句：they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.
参考译文：人权主义者一直认为，黑人，拉美裔人士和其他少数族裔的美国人之所以在商界难有所为，主要原因是他们缺乏途径去获得大额订单和大公司产生的分包合同。
2015考研英语第一百三十九句
在这里给大家一个规划，大家抽时间一定好好看看！我希望对大家复习是有帮助的！ 第一． 语言能力
由于考研只考阅读和写作，所以这里的语言能力，主要是单词和句子的能力，这个方面所花的时间会比较长一些：
首先，单词肯定是需要记忆方法的，通过记忆方法能快速的记住单词的字典含义；但记住单词的字典含义只是第一步，更重要的是注意在语境中调整和赋予这个单词更准确和通顺的语境含义，以帮助我们更贴切的理解文章。 比如：1. rested with 字典含义：取决于．．．（很多同学甚至是不知道这个短语的字典含义的） Copyright rested with the journal publisher.，and researchers seeking knowledge of the results wouldhave to subscribe to the journal.
在这个句子中根据语境：版权属于期刊的出版者；
2.entail 字典含义是：使蒙受，使产生；必须，使承担；
Deliberate practice entails more thansimply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtainingimmediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. 这句中的entails= involves.
(这句把并列连词省略了补全是：
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Deliberatepractice entails more than„ and it involves„)
3. substantial 字典含义：大量的；结实的，牢固的；重大的
Genetically speaking, there are advantagesto avoiding substantial height.
从基因的角度来讲，避免长的“太”高是有好处的。就把substantial理解为一个程度词即可。
4. adding to 字典含义是：增加，添加
Adding to a woman’s increased dose ofstress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress.
这句话的结构是：Adding to A is( are) B =B is (are) adding to A A = a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals B= her opportunities for stress
在理解的时候，最好就理解为：除了A 还有Ｂ；这样更能理解深层含义。
５．flap 字典的含义是：上下或左右移动、摆动；轻拍；振翅而飞；<口>焦虑 在这个句子中：The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. 关于饶舌音乐的（焦虑）争论并没有让他的日子变得轻松一点。 根据文章后文内容是可以灵活理解的。 当然在翻译题目中一般出现这样的短语就是硬伤了。
6. allow for sth ：字典含义：在计算，估计，考虑时包括某人
Supporters ofthe new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial costreductions and better coordinated service. Allow for =bring about 带来
新的超级系统的支持者认为，这些合并将带来费用的大幅降低和更协调的服务。
从以上的例子中，我们确实可以看出字典是不可能涵盖单词的所有语境含义的，在理解单词在句中含义的时候一定要根据语境调整。而这种赋意的过程其实就是所谓的语感。只能通过相对大量的阅读才能形成的能力，这种能力我们从去年9月就开始引导同学们培养了。 同时，正是这种语境含义的出现使得两个在字典含以上不太可能相等的单词成为了一组可相互替换的单词： 比如：
1. Thinking ability = critical thinking = creative=innovation 2. popular culture= common culture 3. cultural power= assimilating power
4. prevent (同意替换)=hinder= refrain= deter（同意替换） 5.apprehension = worry
6. visualize=imagine=conceive 7. mechanical = unchanged 8. Modify=change
9. spontaneity= informal 10. mind= people
11. faith=confidence=assertiveness 12. accumulation= expansion
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13．suits = enable (同意替换)= entail 14. dismiss 斥责= rebuke=criticize
15．tap 开发 tap themarket = explore the market = expand the market 16. not nearly = far from
而这些正是考点之所在，得分点之所在。考点会重复，可以通过平时积累考点，也就是从真题中把这些同意替换总结出来背诵，随着你模糊识意能力的提高，即使在考场上遇到了不认识的替换也能推断的出来。
以上的讲解在我的《必考词汇突破全书》中有详细的讲解，如果你现在单词还有问题那就建议你只看我这本书了，只要记住1575个单词就够了！
其次，句子结构的分析能力，从长难句的课程到我空间（576728297）日志中的每天一句，大家就能知道分析清楚句子结构有多么重要，今天空间句子已经更新到139句了，时光飞逝，白驹过隙啊！如果今天在回过头来看句子分析的能力那重点就应该是切分句子的能力，倒不一定要准确的说出句子中每个部分的具体语法成分的名字，但是必须得学会切分句子，调整语序；具体讲就是你可以不知道定语从句和同位语从句的区别； 状语和宾语补足语的区别；„但是你至少可以把这个部分完整的切分出来，再放到合理的位置上。
第二． 命题思路
有了单词和句子只是解决了从英文往中文转化的过程，但是还是没有完成对于信息的处理。这就是为什么很多同学读文章的时候总觉得文章读完了脑子里还是却还觉得是空空的。在考研中怎样才能叫真的所谓读懂了文章呢？ 第一，能确定段落中句子间的关系和段落主题 第二，能区分论点和论据 第三，能确定文章的主题
而在我们熟悉的四六级考试中对于这些能力的要求是不高的，更多的还是要求只要能大概读懂单个的句子，题目基本就能作对。
这里可以来看一道被誉为是考研史上最难的一道题，只有不到10%的同学当年作对了这道题。
That the seas are being over fished hasbeen known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm haveshown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a centuryof data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt toestimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fishspecies in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomassover time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eatother animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years ofthe start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again sincethen.
32. We can infer from Dr. Myersand Dr. Worm’s paper that ________. [A] the stock of large predators in some oldfisheries has reduced by 90% [B] thereare only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago [C] thecatch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount
[D] thenumber of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old
同学们可以先做一下，我上课会给出解析哦：）
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暑期英语阅读的复习计划就以2003年到2009的真题为主要复习材料，真题至少过三遍： 第一遍专注原文，将不认识的单词和词组摘录下来，重点关注动词和形容词；句子结构每句一定要分析清楚，不清楚的就来问我，我一定尽力回答大家！同时做题的时候记下自己困惑的地方，听老师讲课。
第二遍听课的时候一起练习，我会和大家一起过句子，理思路！
第三遍重点在于修正自己的思路，同时积累同意替换的表达，强化对于正确选项的理解！
翻译部分94年到14年的真题一定要动手用汉语把翻译写出来。 21年的真题105个句子，记住翻译是翻出来的！
作文部分：以记忆句子为主，我会给同学们提出具体的记句子的要求的！
同时建议大家泛读《时文精析》每天读一篇文章就好了，不要细读，了解大意就可以了！
2015考研英语第一百四十句
The pendulum began to swing in the postwar era, when Harvard Business School grad Robert McNamara and his \"whiz kids\" became famous for using mathematical modeling, game theory and complex statistical analysis for the Army Air Corps, doing things like improving fuel-transport times and scheduling more-efficient bombing raids.
主干识别：The pendulum began to swing in the postwar era
其他成分：when Harvard Business School grad Robert McNamara and his \"whiz kids\" became famous定语从句主干
for using mathematical modeling, game theory and complex statistical analysis for the Army Air Corps, 定语从句中的状语 状语
翻译点拨： 词汇点拨： 注意对pendulum的理解：
The pendulum has swung back and the American car companies have made dramatic advances in safety...
三十年河东，三十年河西，美国汽车公司在安全方面已经取得了巨大进步。 The political pendulum has swung in favour of the liberals. 政治形势转而对自由主义者有利。
The political pendulum in American politics swung away from the right, putting an end to the12- year Republican Revolution on Capitol Hill and delivering a sharp rebuke of President Bush and the Iraq war.
美国政坛的政治钟摆从右派转向，一举结束共和党在国会山庄的十二年革命，并对布希总统和伊拉克战争发出强烈的怒吼。 grad 毕业生
whiz kids 天才学生
mathematical modeling 数学模型 game theory 博弈论
statistical analysis 数据分析 Army Air Corps 陆军航空队 fuel-transport 加油 bombing raids 空袭
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成分点拨：
The pendulum began to swing in the postwar era 情况在战后开始改变 再单独翻译定语从句：
Harvard Business School grad Robert McNamara and his \"whiz kids\" became famous for using mathematical modeling, game theory and complex statistical analysis for the Army Air Corps, 哈佛商学院的毕业生 Robert McNamara和那些天才学生一起因为使用数学模型，博弈论和复杂的数据分析来为陆军航空队做事而名噪一时， 最后翻状语：
doing things like improving fuel-transport times and scheduling more-efficient bombing raids. 翻译是省略doing things like，直接翻为：他们减少加油的时间并且安排出更有效的空袭。 参考译文： 情况在战后开始改变， 哈佛商学院的毕业生 Robert McNamara和那些天才学生一起因为使用数学模型，博弈论和复杂的数据分析来为陆军航空队 做事而名噪一时，他们减少了加油所需要的时间并且安排出更有效的空袭。
2015考研英语第一百四十一句
这个句子是今天NY Times上面的句子，非常典型的描述经济的句子！好好看翻译！
The pace of hiring in recent months has been stronger despite a very weak first quarter, when the economy shrank at an annual rate of 2.9 percent. Although the weakness was initially attributed to weather, as well as more technical factors like inventory swings, the depth of the contraction caught some economists off guard, especially those who began the year with a more positive outlook for 2014.
词汇突破：The pace of hiring 就业市场增速 inventory swings 库存波动
the depth of the contraction 下滑的程度 off guard 猝不及防
The pace of hiring in recent months has been stronger despite a very weak first quarter, when the economy shrank at an annual rate of 2.9 percent.
（这里的stronger是和weak对应的，所以weak first quarter是指就业疲软的第一季度） 参考译文：先翻译when: 今年第一季度经济衰退的速度达到了年化2.9%， 再翻：（因此）就业情况也很疲软；
最后：但是，最近几月就业情况持续好转。
Although the weakness was initially attributed to weather, as well as more technical factors like inventory swings, the depth of the contraction caught some economists off guard, especially those who began the year with a more positive outlook for 2014.
参考译文：尽管一季度的疲软最初被归咎于天气，以及库存波动等更加技术性的因素，但衰退的速度让一些经济学家猝不及防，尤其是那些年初时对2014年的前景较为乐观的人。
2015考研英语第一百四十二句
2015考研必考句：这周经济学人的句子。非常典型的经济学人的句子。
For anyone who doubts that America is the land of the free, the ability of the Supreme Court to turn a question posed by a Pepsi distributor into a ruling that restricts presidential power ought to be reassuring.
词汇突破：Reassure安慰，使放心，使消除疑虑
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主干识别：the ability ought to be reassuring.（这个句子的关键就是找出主干） 其他成分：For anyone who doubts that America is the land of the free，状语
of the Supreme Court to turn a question posed by a Pepsi distributor into a ruling that restricts presidential power (ability的定语)
参考译文：最高法院有能力将一个百事可乐分销商提出的问题转化为限制总统权力的判决，这对于任何怀疑美国是一片自由大陆的人而言，应该是一种宽慰。
特别提示：在翻译中一定要学会转化词性和调整语序，没有硬性的规定，主要是符合中文的表达习惯。一些常规性的转化就是：动词和名词的转化。
背景介绍：这个句子出自这周的经济学人。美国政治最让美国人害怕的就是权力的失衡；近好多年来，人们都害怕总统的权力过大，这样会影响美国的自由和民主本质。这句话在提醒人们，最高法院有这个能力限制总统的权力。
2015考研英语第一百四十三句
Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by themale-dominated culture.
词汇突破：Prior to 在„之前
Stereotypes 模式化的形象(或特征);固定模式;刻板印象;陈规老套 Lacking=lack of 缺乏，没有 Features 特征
Unique 独特的个体
subject to容易遭受，受„管制 numerous 很多的
主干识别：Women in novels were stereotypes were also subject to numerous restrictions. 其他成分：of lacking any features that made them unique individuals （定语） That= (features) made them unique individuals
imposed by the male-dominated culture 定语修饰restrictions
参考译文：20世纪前，小说中的女性都是一些刻板的形象，没有任何的特点，所以无法成为独特的个体（注意这里定语从句的处理，这里处理为了一个中文中的状语从句） 而且屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给她们的种种束缚。
2015考研英语第一百四十四句
谁说长句才会难？看看这个句子吧！评论走起！注意队形！
Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing (the determination of price by the seller) as both “normal” and having a valuable economic function.
词汇突破：Accordingly 因此 act of will 意志行为=决心
price-fixing (the determination of price by the seller)：卖方定价模式 主干识别：it requires a major act of will 形式主语
It= to think of price-fixing (the determination of price by the seller) as both “normal” and having a valuable economic function.
结构提取：think of A as both B and C.
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参考译文： 因此，把卖方定价模式思考为正常的而且还是有价值的经济功能需要下 很大的决心。
背景介绍：从这句话可以正话反说：一般而言我们都不认为卖方定价模式是正常 的，也不觉得卖方定价模式具备有价值的经济功能。
2015考研英语第一百四十五句
Since our chief business with them（年轻人） is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. 主干识别：we cannot help considering whether or no + 从句
其他成分：Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life 状语从句
we are forming the powers 宾语从句 which will secure this ability. 定语从句 翻译点拨：词汇的处理：
chief business首要任务 cannot help considering 禁不住会思考 a common life 生活中
whether or no 是否 powers力量
状语从句的处理：
Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life 由于对于年轻人，我们的首要任务是使他们能够在生活中彼此分享， 主句的处理：
we cannot help considering whether or 我们就禁不住会思考„是否„ 宾语从句：
we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. 我们在形成能确保这种能力的力量
参考译文： 由于对于年轻人，我们的首要任务是使他们能够在生活中彼此分享，这样我们就禁不住会思考我们是否在形成能确保这种能力的力量
2015考研英语第一百四十六句
今天的句子从一个单词讲起：Holacracy， 这个单词还没有对应的中文翻译；这是一种最新的管理体系；是由Brian Robertson（一名软件工程师）提出来的。他所对应的管理体系是：Hierarchy；（等级制度）
这种体系的代表企业是：zappo(一家很有名的鞋类销售电商）
还有一家企业就是：Valve ，他是著名的游戏《半条命》的开发商，员工超过 300 人。其人均盈利能力甚至比 Google、微软等许多成功技术公司都要高。但是这家公司却连一个正式的管理结构都没有。去年，这家公司的员工手册被披露出来，让人得以一窥这家公司独特的运营方式。
在 Valve 这里，没人告诉员工该干什么（或者不该干什么），这里也没有审核、没有职称，或者职位晋升。谁提出项目谁就是此项目的领导。薪酬和奖金的发放靠的是同行评审。如果团队成员哪一天在这个团队呆腻了想做点不同的事情，只需搬东西走人即可。这家公司自豪
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地宣称，自 1996 年以来他们就没有老板了。
当然这样的管理也有漏洞。这期的经济学人就提出了一个：
In the young and fast-growing companies that have adopted holacracy and other democratic forms of management, Mr Pfeffer notes a paradox:\" These ideas tend to be introduced by benign-dictator CEOs who are the only thing stopping the firm reverting to a traditional hierarchy. ”
用句简单的话讲：
There are no bosses here, because I say so.
2015考研英语第一百四十七句
A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.
词汇突破：graduatestudents 毕业生
intellectual智力的；有才智的；需用智力的；（主要强调后天的知识） （04年第四篇文章） 知识分子的
Slum 贫民窟，贫民区
the intellectual poor穷知识分子 classic poor 典型的穷人
Beat Generation 垮掉的一代 （上课提到的） Guise 伪装
主干识别：A greatnumber of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum 大批的大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子的贫民窟
其他成分：when inthe United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor 状语 在美国穷知识分子成为了典型的穷人
the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation,同位语 在颇为浪漫的垮掉的一代的伪装下的穷人 a real phenomenon in the late fifties.同位语 这是在50年代后期真实的现象
翻译点拨：可以采取逆序法翻译，先翻译时间再翻译主句。
（在考研的时候只要能基本翻译正确，不调整语序通常只会被扣0.5分，一定要确定自己调整的是正确的再去调整。）
参考译文：50年代晚期在美国出现了一个真实的现象，美国的穷知识分子（披上了）颇为浪漫的“垮掉的一代”的伪装，成为了典型性的穷人，也就是在那时，大批的大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子的贫民窟。
2015考研英语第一百四十八句
As a consequence, it may prove difficult even to the point of impossible to establish for a successful industrial renovation a comprehensive and trustworthy picture of those who participated, or to answer even the most basic question one might pose concerning the social
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origins of the creativity.
主干识别：形式主语：
to establish„or to answer„ may provedifficult even to the point of impossible 确立„或者回答„可能被证明是困难的，甚至是不可能的。
其他成分：to establish a comprehensive and trustworthy pictureof those who participated /for a successful industrial renovation
主语 一 (不定式做主语调整下语序：不能把establish和for放在一起，课上讲过无数遍的V+介词+名词1+名词2 )
to answer even the most basicquestion one might pose concerning the social origins of the creativity. 主语二
微观分析：onemight pose 定语修饰question
concerning the social origins of thecreativity 定语修饰question
参考译文：结果就是：有两件事情可以被证明是困难的甚至是不可能的。第一是：为一次成功的产业创新的参与者建立一个详尽的 （comprehensive）和可信的描述 （或译为：详尽地并可信地描述一次成功产业创新的参与者们）第二是：去回答人们会问到的， 关于创新的社会起源的，甚至是最基本问题。
2015考研英语第一百四十九句
在阅读中很多时候难住我们的其实还不长句而是一些短句中的表达，而这些表达就是我选择核心词的标准，今天的几个句子非常重要,都来自今天的经济学人：
1. Life can be tough for immigrants in America. If youcan’t find work, as a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, don’t expect thetaxpayers to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hardfor an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state.
重点掌握两个短语：
1. bail sb out. 将某人从困境中解救出来； 2. live off sth/sb.以某人或某物为生；
参考译文：对于美国移民而言，生活是艰辛的； 就如一名亚特兰大的罗马尼亚裔的职员所说那样，如果你找不到工作，别指望纳税人能来解救你。
和一些欧洲国家不一样，对于身体健全的移民而言，想靠国家活下去是极端困难的。 2. Their results offer ammunition for fansof more open borders. 重点掌握：
1.ammunition： 本意是弹药，但是更多我们能见到的含义就是这里的：论据！ 2.open borders: 开放的边界；通常理解为，更开放的移民政策；
参考译文：他们的研究结果为那些支持更开放的移民政策的人提供了论据。
3. None of these effects was large, but the studyundermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from natives or drag down theirwages. 主干：none was large.
体会翻译：这些影响都不大； 这些影响中没有一个是大的。（前者更好吧！） 重点掌握：
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1. undermines: 本意是“破坏”，感觉是个贬义词； 但是其实这里是中性的，就是表明研究使后面的claim(论点)完全站不住脚。
参考译文：这些影响虽然都不大，但是这项研究却彻底的使这样的观点站不住脚：移民偷走了当地人的职业或者拉低了他们收入。
2015考研英语第一百五十句
Where Republican orthodoxy suggests saving poor people from welfare dependency by mercifully reducing the amount of money they receive, Mr Rubio，a republican senator , aims to cut welfare spending by reducing the demand for it, keeping funding at the same level but handing anti-poverty programmes over to the states to figure out what works.
词汇突破：Republican orthodoxy 共和党的传统
Mercifully： 慈悲的；仁慈的；对„有好处的；适当的
Where：这是一个非常常见的词，但是在这里有一个很不常见的用法，引导状语从句，翻译为中文可以处理为：就这方面而言；或者可以不翻译；
Suggest：可以直接加名词表示建议：Ruth suggested a holiday. 鲁思建议去度假。 Hand over：移交
主干识别： Mr Rubio aims to cut welfare spending. 其他成分：按照语义翻译即可，不用细分； 参考译文：共和党的传统是建议通过适当地减少穷人收到的钱来把他们从对福利的依靠中解救出来;(就此而言)，共和党议员Rubio先生的目标就是通过减少对于福利的需求来减少福利的开销，同时保持同一级别的支出；但是将扶贫项目交由各州来确定哪些是有效的。
2015考研英语第一百五十一句
考研阅读中有这样一句话：The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. 成长就必须面对这样的事情，
后面附上一个能用的写作句型。加油！
The sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
词汇突破：sex ratio性别比率 be favored 受到亲睐 descendant 后代
gene copies transmitted 被传播的基因份数 主干分析：The sex ratio will be favored
其他成分：whichmaximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. 定语从句修饰the sex ratio 微观分析： 1.定语从句中套一个定语从句：which maximizes thenumber of descendants （that）an individualwill have. 定语从句中宾语的that被省略了
2.And 连接两个number; (hence 是状语在找并列的时候可以忽视）
补全就是：which maximizes the number of„and (maximizes) the number of„;
参考译文：这种性别比率将会受到青睐，这种性别比率能够最大化个体所拥有的后代数目，
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而且因此可以最大化被传播的基因份数。
写作句型:
经济学人原句：
Opinionsare furiously divided as to whether the unintended harm causedby health reform will outweigh its benefits.
句型：
Opinions are furiously divided as towhether the unintended harm caused by A will outweigh its benefits. 仿写例句：
Opinions are furiously divided as towhether the unintended harm caused by the Internet will outweigh its benefits.
互联网所带来的意想不到的害处是否会比其带来的益处更大，人们的看法非常不同。
2015考研英语第一百五十二句
Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800’s,this new view of childhood spread throughout in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulation and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a child’s emotional value made child labor taboo.
词汇突破：segment 部分，阶层 the poorer segments ofsociety. 社会中的较贫穷阶层
Predicate v. 断言，断定；n. 谓语
还有一个重要的意思：动词:基于；取决于；以„为基础
例句：Financial success is usually predicated on having money or beingable to obtain it. 先要有钱或者能弄到钱才能够赚钱。 A predicated in part on B A 的出现是部分基于B Taboo禁忌；忌讳
child-labor regulation 童工法
Compulsory education laws义务教育法
主干识别： this new view （of childhood定语） spread （throughout in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries状语）
其他成分：Wellestablished among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800’s, 过去分词作状语（可以先单独从句，主语就是this new view）
as reformers introduced child-labor regulation and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a child’s emotional value made childlabor taboo. 状语从句
微观分析：状语从句主干： reformers introduced
predicated in part on the assumption„定语修饰前面的两个法；
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a child’s emotional value made child labor taboo. 同位语从句补充说明assumption;
参考译文：这一新的观点在十九世纪的中期就已经在社会的中上阶层中牢牢的确立了，在19世纪末和20世纪初在社会的各阶层中传播开来，因为当时改革者们引入了童工法和义务教育法，这些法律和法规的出现部分是基于下面的假设: 孩子们的情感价值使得童工成为了一种禁忌。
2015考研英语第一百五十三句
The male initiative in courtship is a pretty indiscriminate affair, something that is tried on with any remotely plausible woman who comes within range and, of course, with all degrees of tentativeness.
词汇突破：courtship 求爱期 Initiative 主动性;
Indiscriminate不加选择的，不分青红皂白的； 随意的，任性的，任意的； try on 耍花招， 哄骗
remotely plausible 不合理的 tentativeness 试探性的
主干识别：The male initiative in courtship is apretty indiscriminate affair
其他成分： something thatis tried on with any remotely plausible woman who comes within range and, ofcourse, with all degrees of tentativeness. （something 前面句子的同位语,后面加上定语从句）
参考译文： 男性在求爱时的主动是一件很随意之事, 就是哄骗和戏弄那些进入他们视野而没有合理借口的女人，当然这一切都只是试探性的程度。
说明： 这个句子难是在单词上，还有就翻译为中文上。同时这句话对于男人确实是非常不好的评价，有一定道理，不过好男人应该还是有的。碰了很多渣男以后总是会遇到的，不过说不定这个人之前也是个渣男。
2015考研英语第一百五十四句
In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
主干识别：it is difficult to see how journalists can do a competent job on political stories.
其他成分：who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution定语从句
翻译点拨：词汇点拨： Grasp掌握和了解
basic features基本特征 competent称职的„
political stories 政治新闻
it is difficult to see 很难设想„ 成分的点拨：
先翻译定语从句可以翻译到主语前修饰主语：
journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution 那些对于加拿大宪法的基本特征没有清晰的了解的记者们
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参考译文： 实际上，很难想象那些对于加拿大宪法的基本特征没有清晰了解的记者们是如何能胜任政治新闻报道工作的。
2015考研英语第一百五十五句
先来两个写作的句子：
1.But there is a darker side to this extraordinary invention. Data breaches are becoming ever bigger and more common.
2. Added to these social trends are economic ones.句型：Added to A are B;除了A还有B.=Adding to A are B.（何凯文）
In America, a report by a presidential panel to review cyber-security after Edward Snowden’s revelations, published last December, urged the government not in any way to “subvert, undermine, weaken or make vulnerable” generally available commercial software, and to fix zero-day vulnerabilities quickly, with rare exceptions. 背景介绍：西方很多国家的情报机构会利用一些普通软件的漏洞来获取情报。其实这是把双刃剑，在利用情报的同时也破坏了整个网络世界的安全，所有专家小组就给出了这样的建议。好好看看能读懂不?看好你哦，评论过千！ 词汇突破： subvert 破坏 Undermine破坏
Makevulnerable 削弱
主干识别：A report urged the governmentnot to„and to„ 一份报告敦促政府不要„而要„. 其他成分：定语和状语
难点讲解：, with rare exceptions 直接翻译：有很少的例外； 调整：在绝大多数情况下 参考译文：在美国，一个总统指定的专家小组在斯诺登的揭秘事件发生后研究了网络安全问题，并在去年12月发布了一份报告，敦促政府在绝大多情况下不要用任何方式去破坏或者削弱大众的商业软件，而要去快速的修复zero-day漏洞。
2015考研英语第一百五十六句
这一周的经济学人的封面文章是：America’s lost oomph (美国失去活力)； 确实一个国家如果在物质上极大的充裕了之后，当国民对于物质财富的追求不再强烈的时候，这个国家的活力必然会下降。我们常常厌恶当下社会的物欲和贪婪，却殊不知这正是我们经济繁荣的源动力。而且中国的家文化把这种对于财富的追求推到了一个顶端，很多人的忙碌并不是为了自己而是为了孩子甚至孙子；这种无私的对于家庭的责任和爱是其他民族所没有的，而且这种爱和责任会传承下去；无所谓好坏，只是我们的文化决定了这样一种社会运行的模式。 Economic growth over the business cycle is driven mostly by swings in demand, and in recent years demand has been held back: households have been repaying their debts; the government has restrained its spending and raised taxes; and interest rates, having reached zero, are unable to fall further.
词汇识别： Economic growth over the business cycle 商业周期中的经济增长 swings in demand 需求的波动
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held back 停滞 Repay 偿还 Restrain 抑制
主干识别：并列句一：Economic growth is driven mostly by swings in demand 并列句二：demand has been held back 其他成分：冒号对并列句二进行解释；
1.households have been repaying their debts; 2.the government has restrained its spending and raised taxes; 3. interest rates, having reached zero, are unable to fall further.
这句的主干是：interest rates are unable to fall further having reached zero 状语
参考译文： 商业周期中的经济增长主要是由需求的波动来推动的。最近几年，需求停滞了：家庭已经还清债务；政府抑制支出提高税收；银行利率已经降到零点无法再降。
2015考研英语第一百五十七句
这是最新的一期经济学人上的科技专栏的文章，今年在巴西还举办了机器人世界杯。（Robocup) 对于人工智能的探究人类的脚步一直没有停过。下面的五句话就是这篇文章的关键！
1.Self-driving cars and delivery drones, which seemed hopelessly futuristic just a decade ago, are now topics of serious business interest.
重点掌握：hopelessly futuristic 毫无希望的对未来的设想 topics of serious business interest 严肃的商业话题
参考译文： 无人驾驶汽车和用于快递的无人机在十年前看起来还是毫无希望的对未来的设想，但是现在已经是严肃的商业话题。
2.The tournament includes features that the organizers hope will accelerate innovation without the incentive of cash.
重点掌握：定语从句的独立成句：
the organizers hope features will accelerate innovation without the incentive of cash. 参考译文： 比赛包含一些特色。 组织者希望在没有金钱刺激的情况下，这些特色也能加速创新。
3.One is clever combination of competition and cooperation. 参考译文：一个特色就是将竞争与合作聪明的结合起来了。 4.The further twist is that Robocup is not one competition but many. 重点掌握：twist： change or development (转变和发展)
参考译文： 进一步的转变在于机器人世界杯不是单一的比赛而是由多种比赛构成。
5.Moreover, for those who cannot be bothered to get out the spanners and the soldering iron, there is a virtual league as well. 重点掌握：spanners 扳手
soldering iron 烙铁
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（这里用这两个词是作为比喻，比喻机器人硬件制作） Virtual 虚拟的( 通常和计算机软件和网络有关)
参考译文： 还有一个特征就是，对于那些不擅长机器人硬件制作的人，这次的世界杯也设置了软件大赛。
这五句话就把一篇文章给串起来了。好好看哦
2015考研英语第一百五十八句
翻看微博突然才发现前几日7月18日是杨绛先生103岁生日；祝她老人家身体健康！ 这首诗歌是英国诗人兰德W.S.Landor（1775-18）暮年写一首题为《生与死》的小诗
原文：
I strove with none,
for none was worth my strife; Nature I loved,
and next to Nature, Art;
I warm'd（古英语）both hands before the fire of Life; It sinks;
and I am ready to depart.
杨绛先生翻译： 我和谁都不争， 和谁争我都不屑； 我爱大自然， 其次是艺术； 我双手烤着， 生命之火取暖； 火萎了，
我也准备走了。
\"人生最曼妙的风景，竟是内心的淡定与从容„„我们曾如此期盼外界的认可，到最后才知道：世界是自己的，与他人毫无关系＂。——杨绛
Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.
词汇突破：Aluminum 铝 Free 元素的游离状态 Affinity 归属感
He has a close affinity with the landscape he knew when he was growing up... 他对这片从小就了解的土地有着一种归属感。 Affinity for 一种元素对于另一种元素的亲和力
主干识别： Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century. 铝直到19世纪才被人发现;
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其他成分： because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being
combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity. 微观分析：1.because nowhere in nature is it found free 由于在自然界找不到游离状态的铝;
2.owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen 由于它总是跟其他元素结合在一起;最普遍的是跟氧结合 3.for which it has a strong affinity. Which= oxygen It = aluminum
= aluminum has a strong affinity for the oxygen 铝跟氧有很强的亲和力。
翻译点拨：中文习惯先翻原因，再翻结果
参考译文：铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起，最普遍的是跟氧结合，因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力，进而在自然界找不到游离状态的铝；所以，铝直到19世纪才被人发现。
2015考研英语第一百五十九句
今天的句子含金量非常高！一定认真看
考研考过乔姆斯基了，考过维多利亚时期的写作风格了，考过萧伯纳了，考过爱默生了，考过莎士比亚了；在准备应试的时候懂点文化是必要的，我会在每次恰当的时候给大家补充这些东西的。
As she put it in The Common Reader, “Although it is safe to say that not a singlelaw has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucersaid or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore. ”
背景介绍：杰弗里·乔叟（GeoffreyChaucer，1342年—1400年），英国中世纪著名作家，诗人，做过官，当过国王的使者，死后被葬在威斯敏斯特教堂。被后人称为：英国诗歌之父，甚至有些论著认为其是英国文学之父。牛人一枚。其最著名的作品是《坎特伯雷故事集》 (The Canterbury Tales)。这哥们之所以牛，主要还是由于到了意大利和法国，开了眼见，认识了更牛的比如但丁、彼特拉克和薄伽丘等人的作品，回国后作品风格就从理想主义转变为了现实主义，揭露了教会的腐败、教士的贪婪和伪善，谴责了扼杀人性的禁欲主义，肯定了世俗的爱情生活。
词汇突破：frame 制定 morality 道德
Pore 毛孔
句子解析：这个句子在结构上还真不难：
As she put it in The Common Reader,非限定性定语从句开头； 就如她在普通读者一书中所说的那样，
Althoughit is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set uponanother because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; 状语从句：
it issafe to say that 可以安全的说=可以毫无疑问的说=可以确定的说=可以保险的说=可以肯定的说
not asingle law has been framed 没有一个法律被制定
onestone set upon another 没有一个石头被放到了另外一个石头上=没有一栋建筑被修起来 becauseof anything Chaucer said or wrote 由于乔叟说的或写的任何事情；
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状从+主句
and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore. ” 但是，当我们读他（作品）的时候，我们每个毛孔都吸满了道德。 特别解析：这里必须注意在理解这部分的时候不能只从语法上理解了，作者在这里实际使用了比喻的手段：
“没有法律被制定，没有建筑被修起来”说明乔叟的影响并不在于实际的生活。 “每个毛孔都吸满了道德”说明乔叟对我们思想的影响很大。 参考译文：就如她在普通读者一书中所说的那样，虽然我们可以很确定的说没有一个法律是由于乔叟说的或写的任何事情而被制定的，也没有一栋建筑是由于他说的或写的任何事情被修起来的，但是当我们在读他的作品时，我们每个毛孔都吸满了道德。
2015考研英语第一百六十句
又是一个三天的阅读结束了，暑期也快过一半了，我们也到160句了。
这是2002年第一篇文章中的一个题目。同学们不用抄，看书就可以了。由于不是很典型在课上就没有讲，但是很多同学再问，这里就给大家讲一讲，也涨点知识。
Here is an example, which I heard at anurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all sharedthe same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around bySt. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather,and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in aline for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a whitecoat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to atable by himself. \"Who is that?\" the new arrival asked St. Peter.\"Oh, that's God,\" came the reply, \"but sometimes he thinks he'sa doctor.\"
42. The joke about doctors implies that, inthe eyes of nurses, they are ________. [A] impoliteto new arrivals
[B] veryconscious of their godlike role [C] entitledto some privileges
[D] verybusy even during lunch hours
下面举一个例子，它是我在一个护士大会上听到的。这个故事效果很好，因为听众对医生都有同样的看法。一个人到了天堂，由圣彼得带着他参观。他看到了豪华的住宅、美丽的花园、晴朗的天气等等。所有人都很安静、礼貌和友善，然而当这位新来的人在排队等候午餐时，
突然被一位穿白大褂的人推到一旁。只见这人挤到了队伍的前头，抓起他的食物，噔噔地旁若无人地走到一张餐桌旁。“这是谁啊？”新来的人问圣彼得。“哦，那是上帝，”他回答说，“但有时也认为自己是一名医生。”
题型识别：推理题
题干定位：定位到文中第二段 思路解析：这是一个非典型的推理题；并不涉及真正的推理，其实只会涉及到对文章的理解。
首先段落的主题确定这是一个幽默小故事，应该产生幽默的效果。 这里的幽默是“推断幽默”给大家普及下什么是“推断幽默” 幽默中的\"隐含判断\"技巧最能体现\"给人留下回味的余地\"这个特点。\"隐含判断\"技巧因其
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具有含蓄性，暗藏锋芒，表面观点和实际观点既有千丝万缕的联 系，又有大跨度的差距，虚实对比之下往往会显得风趣谐谑，所以能产生十分强烈的幽默感。一天晚上，英国政治家约翰•威尔克斯和桑威奇伯爵在伦敦著名的牛排俱乐部共进晚餐。酒过三杯后，桑威奇伯爵带着醉意跟约翰•威尔克斯开玩笑说：\"我常在想，你一定会死于非命，不是性病，就是被绞死。\" 威尔克斯立即回击说：\"我的伯爵先生，那要看我是喜欢伯爵夫人，还是喜欢伯爵了。
\"隐含判断\"，幽默就幽默在它不是一览无余，而是给人留下回味思考的空间，这个空间里趣味无穷，机锋无限。约翰先生坐在车厢里很有礼貌地问坐在身边的一位女士：\"我能抽烟吗?\"女士很客气地回答：\"你就像在家里一样好啦!\"约翰先生只好将烟盒重新放回衣袋里，叹了一口气说：\"还是不能抽。\"
\"隐含判断\"是一种委婉的表达技巧，能帮助你把一些不想直说的话间接地说出来，让听话的一方在作出延伸或深入判断之后，领悟出被你\"藏\"起来的那层意思。
在一家高级餐馆里，一位顾客坐在餐桌旁，很不得体地把餐巾系在脖子上。餐馆的经理见状十分反感，叫来一个服务生说：你去让这位绅士懂得，在我们餐馆里，那样做是不允许的，但话要尽量说得和气委婉些。服务生接受了这项任务，来到那位顾客的桌旁，有礼貌地问：\"先生，你是想刮胡子，还是理发?\"那位顾客楞了一下子马上明白了服务生意思，不好意思地笑一笑取下了餐巾。
\"隐含判断\"是通过\"隐藏\"表达观点、表现幽默的，露中有藏，藏中有露，是一经推演判断就能发现真正意图的，如果藏得太密太深，幽默效果就荡然无存了。所以在使用这种技巧时一定要注意藏之有度，要让人们经过短暂的思索后立即能判断得出结论。
选项分析：[A]impolite to new arrivals 对新来的人不礼貌
这是文中谈到的，但是这不是幽默点。 [C] entitled to some privileges
这也是文中谈到的，但也不是幽默点 [D] very busy even during lunch hours 这也是文中谈到的，但是也不是幽默点 [B] very conscious of their godlike role 很在乎自己神一样的角色。
幽默点：通过神觉得自己是医生，来反讽医生自以为自己是神，只有这样才能产生幽默的感觉。而这样的反讽是能引起护士们共鸣的，这就意味着护士也觉得医生把自己当成了神。这里的幽默就是“推论幽默”正反的推出。很不典型的题目，希望大家能懂。即使不懂呢，也不用纠结。毕竟不典型。
2015考研英语第一百六十一句
阅读的时候一定是：定位替换排除！千万不要太在意现在的正确率，一定要淡定的分析每个题目为什么对，为什么错，踏实的走每一步。今天的题目01年第二篇文章的第一题！
A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide — the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife
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and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.
55. Digital divide is something ________. [A] getting worse because of the Internet [B] the rich countries are responsible for [C] the world must guard against [D] considered positive today
今天，人们十分关注所谓的是信息差异问题——世界上信息资源丰富的地区和信息资源贫乏的地区之间的差异；这个差异确实存在，我和我妻子20年前就曾谈及这个临近的危险。然而，那时还不太明显的是一些抵制信息差异的、新的积极因素。实际上我们是完全有理由感到乐观的。
题型识别：细节题 题干定位：定位第一段
思路解析：精读原文的答案来源句： 第一句：简单介绍什么是信息差异 第二句：确认存在
第三句：重点掌握：looming (隐约的）danger
最后两句不是讲信息差异了而是对抗信息差异的力量。
选项分析：A.因果错误。并且第一段中没有谈到互联网的问题。 B.强加因果，常识干扰，认为坏事都是富国干的，这是不对的。 C.文中谈到是危险，那么就应该去防范。（同意改写）正确答案
guard 有两个意思，一个是保护，一个是防范，不同的搭配意思也不一样。 D.“对抗信息差异的力量”才被认为是正面的。偷换了主语，所以不对。
2015考研英语第一百六十二句
今天给同学们介绍一个在经济学上很有趣的口红效应：
The lipstick effect is the theory that when facing an economic crisis consumers will be more willing to buy less costly luxury goods. Instead of buying expensive fur coats, women will buy expensive lipstick.
口红效应指的是在经济危机时消费者更愿意购买相对廉价的奢侈品这样一个理论。女性消费者在经济危机时选择购买的不是价格不菲的皮草服装，而是高档口红。
The underlying assumption is that consumers will buy luxury goods even if there is a crisis. When consumer trust in the economy is dwindling, consumers will buy goods that have less impact on their available funds. Obviously men will not be buying lipstick, but could be tempted by expensive beer or smaller, less costly gadgets. 口红效应揭示的是这样一种思维：就算在经济不景气的情况下，人们仍然有购买奢侈品的愿望。当人们意识到经济在下滑的时候，他们会购买一些对其现有资金影响不大的商品。男性消费者当然不会去买口红了，不过他们可能会买高档啤酒或一些小巧又不太贵的小玩意。
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在上面的表达中最重要的表达就是：The underlying assumption is that...(这意味着...）是在议论文的写作中经常会用到的一个表达，在2005年的阅读理解中就有这样的句子，表达很相似：
Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
with the underlying assumption that = The underlying assumption is that...=which means...在写作中也是很好的表达。 在翻译中： Obviously men will not be buying lipstick, but could be tempted by expensive beer or smaller, less costly gadgets.
将被动翻译为了主动：不过他们可能会买高档啤酒或一些小巧又不太贵的小玩意
今天的经济学人还有这样一句话：
Years of urbanisation and rising incomes have created a generation of young people with time and money to experiment. 提取写作句型就是：
Years of A and B have created C. A和B最好是动态名词。
2015考研英语第一百六十三句
阅读中定位，替换，排除的思路一定要坚决的贯彻和落实！很多同学还是习惯所有的题目都用选项定位。这样做是只图一时爽！ 我所讲解的阅读方法是最优秀，最稳妥，没有任何风险的方法，是阅读的不二法门，接下来你要做的就是不断的强化和巩固这一思路，我会天天这样讲的！很多同学都是通过这个方法取得最后胜利的！
考研中AS 的用法
之前很多同学都在问As的用法，零零星星的在空间和微博中给大家讲过一些，这里给大家梳理一下，当然这个梳理是局限在考研范围之内的，毕竟大家时间有限，掌握考点是当务之急。
一． 介词 （一）好像：
They enteredthe building disguised as cleaners. 他们化装成清洁工人的模样进入了大楼。 （二） 作为，当作：
I am tempted to define “journalism” as a term of contempt. 我禁不住将新闻业定义为一个蔑视的称谓。 （be temptedto 直译为“被诱惑”，但是用I 做主语的时候最好转译为：禁不住，愿意，会等）
He has elected the activity of thinking as his primary duty. 他已经选择了思考的行为作为他主要的责任 （ elect = choose）
His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute. 他作为音乐评论家的声誉一直饱受争议。 二． 副词
(一) 1.As(副词)+形容词或副词+as（介词）+名词 (构成比较结构)
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The dress is twice as expesive as that one. (倍数加在第一个as前）
I haven’t known him as long as you.
= I haven’t known him as long as you (have done). 我认识他的时间没有你认识他的时间久。
2.As（副词）+ 形容词或副词+as (连词)+句子（构成比较结构） （1）He looks as ill as he sounded on the phone.
他的样子和他在电话中说话的声音所反映的病情是一样的。 （2）His eyes aren’t quite as blue as they lookin the film. 他的眼睛不像在电影里见到的那样蓝。
（3）IQ tests are not given as often as theyused to be. 智商测试不像以前那样经常被使用了。 （三） As （副词）：像，如，和„无不同。 As beforehe remained unmoved. 和过去一样，他无动于衷。 三． 连词 （一） 表时间
I watched her as she combed her hair. 她梳头的时候我一直看着她 （二） 表原因（常放在句首）
As you weren’t there I left a message. 因为你不在那里，我留了个信儿。
（三）表示让步 （常放在形容词或者副词后）
Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaningbehind it is as deep as ocean. 尽管图画很简单，但是其背后的寓意却非常深刻。 （四） 表示方式
They did as I had asked.
他们是按照我的要求做的。
四． 关系代词 （在牛津词典中还是归结在连词中，但是在理解 的时候理解为代词更容易，所以一直都用代词词性进行讲解）
As (关系代词指代后面的句子) is shown above, +主句 如上图所示，
现在再来看这个句子：
Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his
papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the“odd balls” among
researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team. 前半句中的as„as„就不再是比较结构了，你识别出来了吗？
这里第二个as是关系代词，指代的是：regularity and conformity to a standard pattern; 调整一下语序就是：
If regularity and conformity to a standard pattern as the writing of scientist’s papers would appear to reflect are as desirable to him，
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As desirable 中的as 为副词(3)，如„
如果，科学家的论文写作中所反映出的对于标准模板的一致性和规则性，（如果，科学家的论文写作中所反映出来的对于标准模板的遵从和一致，）正是他们所想要的话，那么„ 后半句顺便再说一下是个倒装：
management is not to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more
conventional thinkers who work well with the team.
2015考研英语第一百六十四句
考研阅读短语：Sth has been thrown into sharper relief. 某事变得更加清晰；The incompatibility of their interests has only been thrown into sharper relief. 他们利益间的不相容变得更加清晰。
这周的经济学人给了大篇幅的关于MH17的报道。其中结尾的句子很有意思：
It is natural to expect an enormity to be a turning point. There is a depressing chance, though, that MH17 will remain an unfathomable aberration.
enormity 弥天恶行；滔天罪行
unfathomable 高深莫测的；不可理解的 aberration 异常
参考译文：很自然，（人们）期望这样的灾难能成为一个转折点。但令人沮丧的是，MH17 有可能会继续成为不解的难题。
2015考研英语第一百六十五句
前天的句子再发一遍：
Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the \"odd balls\" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team.
【词汇突破】regularity 常规性 conformity 一致性
desirable 令人满意的，令人希望的，值得拥有的，例：
It is desirable that you should be there by two o’clock.（希望你两点能到那里。） conventional 传统的 【主干识别】Nor is management to be blamed.Nor置于句首引起倒装，正常语序为management is not to be blamed.
【其他成分】if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect状语从句；for discriminating against the \"odd balls\" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who \"work well with the team状语。
【微观解析】if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect主干为：regularity and conformity are as desirable；to a standard pattern定语修饰regularity and conformity；to the scientist状语； as the
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writing of his papers would appear to reflect. As 引导的定语从句修饰 regularity and conformity，as在句中做reflecte 的宾语，如果在科学家的论文中所反应出的对于标准模板的遵守和认同正是其所想得到的话。 【难点揭秘】由于nor 置于句首所引起的倒装和由as 所引导的定语从句造成阅读上的困难。 【译文赏析】如果在科学家的论文中所反应出的对于标准模板的遵守和认同正是其所想得到的话，那么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中的\"思维与众不同的人\"，喜欢其中较为传统的\"善于团队合作\"的思想者而受到指责了。
2015考研英语第一百六十六句
For example，the tests do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
主干识别：the tests do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how+从句 其他成分： how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
how 引导一个宾语从句，其主句为how able an underprivileged youngster might have been； 还原为中文的语序为：an underprivileged youngster might have been how able;
条件状语从句：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.（if被省略，had提前） 还原为：if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances. 翻译点拨：compensate for 弥补
gross social inequality 明显的社会不公 and thus 因此 tell 说明
underprivileged 贫困的、物质条件不好的 underprivileged youngster （屌丝）
under more favorable circumstances 在较好的环境下 本句只要能识别出句子结构翻译就比较容易了。
参考译文：测试并不弥补明显的社会不公，因此它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干.
2015考研英语第一百六十七句
Historians have only recently begun to study the increase in demand for luxury goods and services that took place in eighteenth-century England.
McKendrick has explored the Wedgwood firm’s remarkable success in marketing luxury pottery; Plumb has written about the rapid increase of provincial theaters, musical festivals, and children’s toys and books.
While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: Who were the consumers? What were their motives? And what were the effects of the new demand for luxuries?
1. In the first paragraph, the author mentions McKendrick and Plumb most probably to [A] compare their interest in luxury goods and in luxury services. [B] confirm key questions about 18th-century England consumerism.
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[C] contrast their views on luxury consumerism in 18th-century England.
[D] exemplify historians who have proved the growing consumerism in 18th-century England.
题型识别：这是一道典型的区分论点和论据的题目，例证题
回文定位：找到例子，以及例子对应的结论。而例子对应的结论才是线索句。
思路解析：论据不是关键主要是找到论据所对应的论点和结论，这里的结论就是第 一句：
Historians have only recently begun to note the increase in demand for luxury goods and services that took place in eighteenth-century England.
最近，历史学家们开始去关注在18世纪英国发生的，对于奢侈品和奢侈服务需求的上升。 [B] confirm key questions about 18th-century England consumerism.的干 扰来自最后一句， While 虽然..，后面就是转折；
最后一句确实是一个结论，但是例子和结论一定要配对： 结论1+例子 ，转折 +结论2
这个时候的例子应该是说明结论1的。 说明不能定位最后一句。
[A] compare their interest in luxury goods and in luxury services. 不对应结论
[C] contrast their views on luxury consumerism in 18th-century England. 不对应结论
正确答案：[D] exemplify historians who have proved the growing consumerism in 18th-century England.
例证了确实有这样的历史学家。
2015考研英语第一百六十八句
This summer a made-for-TV movie about a tornado carrying man-eatingsharks was a surprise hit in America.The preposterous plot of “sharknado” may strike a chord with media bosses who have watched the internet ravage their business over the past decade.Newspapers have lost readers and advertising to internet. Book and music shops have closed for good. Sales of DVDs and CDs have plummeted. The television industry has so far resisted big disruption but that has not stopped doomsayers predicting a flight of advertising and viewers.
词汇突破：1.hit 红极一时的人或物；成功 例1：Her new film is quite a hit. 她的新电影很成功
（短语）Make a hit with somebody 给某人极好的印象 You’ve madequite a hit with Bill. 2.preposterous plot 离奇的情节 3.plummet 大幅下降
4.strike a chord with somebody （短语）与某人引起共鸣 5. for good （短语）永久的 6.ravage 掠夺，破坏
例1： Bands of soldiers ravaged the countryside. 例2： The ravage of time had spoilt her looks.
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岁月（的破坏）摧残了她的容貌。 7. doomsayers 末日预言者（悲观者） 8. disruption 损失
9. a flight of advertising and viewers. 广告业务和客户的流失 参考译文：这个夏天，一部关于带着食人鲨的龙卷风的电视电影在美国取得了意想不到的成功。这种“鲨卷风”的荒诞情节可能会引起媒体老板们的共鸣，因为他们在过去的十年间,(也见到了这样荒诞的情节)：互联网掠夺了他们的财富。报纸的读者和广告流失到了互联网。书店和音像店永久的关门。DVD和CD销量大幅下降。电视行业迄今没有遭受大的损失，但是这并没有使悲观者停止他们的预测：电视广告业务和客户依然会流失。
2015考研英语第一百六十九句
今天的经济学人上面的文章，标题是这样的：“The Mars and Venus question\" 讨论的是男人和女人的不同，多年前著名的句话，男人来自火星，女人来自金星； 男女差异确实大。为什么会有这样的差异，这篇文章的结论是：A variation in the cognitive abilities of the two sexes may be more about social development than gender stereotypes. Whatever the reason, this study indicates that cognitive differences between men and women are not solely inherited.It suggests that they are learned from the roles a society expects males and females to perform, and that those differences can change as society changes. （直白的讲，差异不是天生的而是后天的）；
2015考研英语第一百七十句
这是之前发过的一个句子，但是做题的时候很多同学多这个句子的理解又出了偏差，大家可以结合98年的第二篇文章第二题来看。
There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. 词汇突破：the treasury secretary 财政部长（美） Anecdote 轶闻，趣闻
Statistics 数据（还有一个我们不熟悉的意思：表格） Picture 情况，事态，局面，状况，情形，形势
Mass of business anecdote ：通常我们不翻译为商业轶事的大量，而翻译为大量的商业轶事，这样更符合中文的习惯
主干识别：There is a disjunction.
其他成分：as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says 插入语（定语从句充当的其中还多了一个同位语做的插入语 the treasury secretary）
between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. 后置定语修饰a disjunction.
微观解析：between the mass of business anecdote and the picture; 为定语的主体部分； that points to a leap in productivity修饰anecdote； reflected by the statistics修饰picture
难点揭秘：由于插入语的加入，造成了对主干是别的难度，尤其是在between„ and„结构的识别中由于加入了定语从句使其更难于理解， 但是抓住主干是王道。 译文赏析：正如财长鲁宾所说，在表明生产力飞跃发展的商业佚事和实际数据所反映的情况之间存在着脱节。（为了行文流畅我加了“实际”二字。）
(也可以把比较长的那个部分单独翻译，这样更符合中文的习惯。
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有大量的商业佚事表明生产力的飞跃发展，但是财长罗伯特.鲁宾认为现实数据表明的情况并不能支持这些传奇。) 对应的B选项：
anecdote=businessmen's anticipation official statistics = official statistics disjunction= fall short of
2015考研英语第一百七十一句
给大家来一个表示原因的句型：
1.There are bound to be many other factors at work for this phenomenon.
2.因A and 因B probably bear more responsibility for 果 than 因C,因D and 因E. 相较于CDE，结果更多是由ＡＢ引起的。
The latest research suggests living standards and access to education probably bear more responsibility for cognitive disparity between men and women than genes, nursery colours or the ability to catch a ball.
词汇突破：disparity 差异 nursery colours 育儿时的颜色
the ability to catch a ball 运动的能力
参考译文： 肯定会有很多其他的因素造成了这一现象。
研究表明，相较于，基因，育儿时的颜色和运动能力，生活水平和受教育的机会在更大程度上造成了男女认知的差异。
2015考研英语第一百七十二句
这个阶段的复习依然是以真题为主！真题的功能不是测试！而是用来了解出题人的。昨天和前天的题目你们觉得出的好，那就是你们通过真题了解了出题人的想法了。一定要吃透，反复看！尤其是正确选项以及和原文的同意替换！
今天做一个例证题吧！ 01年第二篇文章第三题
To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries willhave to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect toforeign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is aninvasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States.When the United Statesbuilt its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. Andthat is why America's Second Wave infrastructure — including roads, harbors,highways, ports and so on — were built with foreign investment. The English,the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain'sformer colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess whoowns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in placeslike Brazilor anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping youbuild your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure,the better off you're going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becomingfooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does meanrecognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecominfrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.
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57. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policyof ________. [A] providing financial supportoverseas [B] preventing foreign capital'scontrol [C] building industrialinfrastructure [D] accepting foreign investment 要想利用互联网，某些贫困国家必须克服对国外投资所持的过时了的反殖民的种种偏见。那些认为外国投资是对本国主权的侵犯的国家最好还是研究一下美国的基础设施（社会的基本结构基础）建设历史。当初美国建设自己的工业基础设施时，缺乏必要的资金，因此美国的第二次浪潮基础设施——包括公路、港口，高速公路、港口城市等等——都是用国外资金建造的。英国人、德国人、荷兰人和法国人都在前英国殖民地投资。他们提供资金，美洲移民建造。想想看，现在谁拥有这一切？美国人。我想，在这件事上，像巴西或其他任何地方同样也该这样。你拥有的去建造第三次浪潮基础设施（今天主要指电子基础设施）的外国资金越多，那么你的情况就越好。这并不是说卑躬屈膝，任人愚弄，也不是对外国公司不加控制。但这的确意味着你已认识到外国公司对本国能源及通信基础设施建设的重要性，这些基础设施是充分利用互联网所必要的。
题型识别：例证题
题干定位：定位到文中最后一段
思路解析：例子是为主题服务的关键是要找到例子所对应的观点和结论。
文章前两句话的理解非常重要：
解释一下：这两句的观点就是表明，应该使用外资。美国的例子就是说明应该使用外资。所以后面关于美国人是怎么样使用外资的就不重要了。
选项分析：当明确了观点之后，选项就没有干扰性了。 [D] accepting foreign investment 为正确选项。
特别提醒：例证题的答案一定源自于例子所对应的观点。
2015考研英语第一百七十三句
这两天都是题目可以对照我的解析来学习。毕竟大家习惯了我的思路。真题为王！真题为王!过两天会推荐一些需要背诵的文章。需要的就给个评论：）
这是02年3篇第53题
Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25~0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies — to which heavy industry has shifted — have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.
53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries ________.
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[A] heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive
[B] income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices [C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed [D] oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP
发达国家对石油的依赖性也不如从前，因此对油价的波动也就不会那么敏感。能源储备、燃料替代以及能源密集型重工业的重要性的降低，都减少了石油消耗量。软件、咨询及移动通讯消耗的石油，比钢铁、汽车行业少得多。发达国家国民生产总值中每一个美元所消耗的石油量比1973年少了近一半。国际经合组织在最近一期的《经济展望》中估计，如果油价持续一年维持在22美元左右，与1998年的13美元一桶相比，这也只会使发达国家的石油进口在支出上增加GDP的0.25％～0.5％。这还不到1974年或1980年收入减少部分的1/4。另一方面，进口石油的新兴国家由于转向了重工业，消耗能量更大，因此可能会受到石油危机的强烈影响。
题型识别：细节题
题干定位：专有名词Economic Outlook定位到原文中第四段。
The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year,compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25~0.5% of GDP.
国际经合组织在最近一期的《经济展望》中估计，如果油价持续一年维持在22美元左右，与1998年的13美元一桶相比，这也只会使发达国家的石油进口在支出上增加GDP的0.25％～0.5％。
思路解析：细节题很多时候是靠对于句子的理解，但是句子也是不能离开主题的，这里需要提醒大家细节和主题的关系：细节是为主题服务的。这里的段落主题是第一句：Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitiveto swings in the oil price.（发达国家对石油的依赖性也不如从前，因此对油价的波动也就不会那么敏感。） 选项分析：[A] heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive
文章中谈到了heavy industry但是没有谈到其变得更加能源密集。 [B] income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices
文中谈到了收入的损失但是没有谈及主要由于原油价格的波动，并且这里和主题也相悖，原油价格对于发达国家而言并不是那么重要了。
[C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed 制造工业并没有被严重的压榨而是迁到了其他国家。 [D] oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP
文章中谈到价格的上涨只会使发达国家的石油进口在支出上增加GDP的0.25％～0.5％。说明影响不大。
特别说明：有同学会认为增加这么多也是很大的影响。那么就需要看段落主题了：发达国家不再那么的依赖石油，对于油价的波动也不敏感，而这个段落所应用的数据就是应该为主题服务的。所以这里影响不大是正确的。
记住：细节是为主题服务的。 抓细节的时候也要注意抓主题！
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2015考研英语第一百七十四句
今天建议大家背诵06的第一篇文章。结构和内容都非常好。尤其是最后两段的写法尤为典型！
今天的句子熟悉吗？
Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest form，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
主干识别: Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism
其他成分： which，in its strongest from，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.定语从句
翻译点拨： 词汇的处理： 1）a sort of 某种
2) linguistic determinism语言决定论 3) in its strongest form其极端说法是; 4) imprison the mind禁锢思维
5) far-reaching 深远的; 伸得很远的； 主句的处理：
Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism. Whorf逐渐相信了某种语言决定论； 定语从句的处理：
which，in its strongest from，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society in its strongest from其极端的说法 其极端的说法是认为„和 认为„ 状语的处理：
for the culture of a society 对社会的文化..
参考译文： Whorf逐渐接受了某种语言决定论；这种观点的极端说法是：语言禁锢了思想，语言的语法模式可以对某种社会文化产生深远的影响
2015考研英语第一百七十五句
考研阅读和写作双重重要词汇：enlist （动词 ） 得到..的帮助和资助 写作背诵句：We may find it advantageous to enlist friends' or partners' support in our endeavor instead of going it alone. 试着翻译一下。
下面这个题目是同学问的比较多的一个题目： 96年第二篇文章第三题：
The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with anopinion of the BBC — including ordinary listeners and viewers — to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC's royal charter runs out in1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organisation as it is, or to make changes.
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57. The BBC's \"royal charter\"(line 3, paragraph 4) stands for ________. [A] thefinancial support from the royal family theprivileges granted by the Queen [C] acontract with the Queen
[D] a uniquerelationship with the royal family
英国政府发起了这场争论，它邀请每一位对BBC有看法的人——包括普通的听众和观众——对公司好坏进行评说，甚至可以评说他们是否认为公司值得办下去。这样做的原因是BBC所持的皇家特许证于1996年到期，政府必须决定让公司维持原状还是进行变革。
题型识别：词义题
题干定位：题中有明显的定位信息
思路解析： 不要强求不可知，要从已知找未知；前后的正反关系和搭配关系是解题的关键； the BBC's royal charter runs out
主语是BBC's royal charter，动词是runs out; runs out 表示过期的意思； 能搭配的就是正确答案； 选项分析：
financial support；privilege;relationship ； 都不能说过期了；
能和runs out 搭配的就只有contract合同，合约；
特别提示：这个题目比较个案，很生硬的考察短语；不要太纠结；
2015考研英语第一百七十六句
一九六零年代的美国可以用伟大来形容，虽然被称为垮掉的一代但是却有马丁路德金，肯尼迪，以及英伦入侵的披头士，那个时候个语言即使decline了也能感觉更多的精心和诚意。这里送大家一句话，可以用到写作中背诵，是肯尼迪的弟弟写给他的：
He gave us strength in time of trouble, wisdom in time of uncertainty, and sharing in time of happiness. He will always be by our side.
下面这个句子是10年的阅读真题中的句子，之前发过一次，大家可能没有注意，问的比较多。可以试着再分析一下！
It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.
第一句难点解析：It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.
这个句子中最重要的是找出两个状语： to the point of impossibility 状语一
表示程度：直接翻译，到了不可能这个点；=不可能 for the average reader under the age of forty 状语二 这个句子的真正主语是：
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to imagine a time
it is difficult to imagine a time; it做形式主语
when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.定语从句修饰time; 译文：对于年龄低于 40岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是不可能的。 分析一下这里的转折：
Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.
然而，在 20世纪出版的最重要的文艺评论集中，人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。
前一句：想不到有这样的事情； 后一句：确实有这样的事情；
2015考研英语第一百七十七句
“IF SOMEONE is shooting at you, the last thing you should focus on is the calibre of thebullet,” says George Kurtz, the boss of CrowdStrike, a young tech company.Seated at a coffee table at Black Hat, a conference for the cyber-securityindustry held in Las Vegasrecently, Mr Kurtz is expounding on the fundamental flaw he sees in the waymany firms deal with cyber-intrusions. Most, he says, spend too much timetrying to work out what hit them and far too little trying to understand themotivations of their attackers and how to counter future assaults.
According to Kurtz, when confronting cyber attacks, a company should focus on___. (A) the size of the bullet from the cyber assaults. (B) the way to deal with electronic assaults. (C) what hit them in future assaults. (D) intentions of cyber-security industry.
解析：
题干识别：细节题(观点识别)
回文定位：定位第一段包含Kurtz观点的地方 思路解析：问观点找观点，一一定位
选项分析： （A）the size ofthe bullet from the cyber assaults. 这个选项错误比较明显，虽然作为观点识别题可以定位到第一句，但是第一句只是一个引入：“如果某人在向你射击，那你最不该关心的事情就是子弹的口径了。”所以这里只是视觉干扰胡乱的拼凑而已。
（C）what hit themin future assaults. 定位到最后两句：倒数第二句说：Mr Kurtz is expounding on the fundamental flaw he sees in the waymany firms deal with cyber-intrusions. Expound（详细解释）Mr Kurtz详细解释了他所看到的很多公司在处理网络攻击时，方法上的根本错误。（所以应该关注方法）
最后一句进一步讲错在哪里：Most, he says, spendtoo much time trying to work out what hit them and far too little trying tounderstand the motivations of their attackers and how to counter futureassaults.
大多数的公司花太多时间去找出是什么在攻击他们，而花很少的时间去理解攻击者的动机和如果应对未来的攻击。
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所以（C）选项和原文表述相反；原文说了过多关注什么攻击他们是根本错了的。 （D）intentions ofcyber-security industry.
这个选项是强烈的干扰选项，文章中说的是the motivations of their attackers选项中被我偷换成了：cyber-security industry. 我是不是很坏啊 正确选项是：（B）the way to deal with electronic assaults.
这个选项我都觉得挺流氓的。相当于什么都没说。但确实是考研的思路，用到了模糊， 用到了取非：“公司的方法错了” 所以应该关注方法。但是在答案表述的时候不说具体方法关注是什么，而只是说关注方法。而且Electronic=cyber是很标准的同意替换。
03年第一篇文章中就用过的了，自己去找electronic world 原文：Mr Kurtz详细解释了他所看到的很多公司在处理网络攻击时，方法上的根本错误。（所以应该关注方法）
2015考研英语第一百七十八句
.„yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression. 【主干识别】
It strikes one that„ 【其他成分】
when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless状语从句
„that， for all their diversity of styles,these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression是that引导的从句（beyond that中的that 指代urges） 【词汇点拨】 strike 打动„„ diversity 多样性
urge 刺激，冲动，想法，需求 speak of 传递和表达
the homeless 无家可归者，流浪汉 for all 尽管 beyond 超出 【参考译文】
但是， 当一个人看到由无家可归者所修建的花园的照片时, 他一定会被花园所表现的特征所打动： 尽管这些花园风格多样， 但是它们还体现了装饰性和创造性表达之外的其他基本需求。
2015考研英语第一百七十九句
我在阅读课上讲过了需要大家做替换总结。在这里我就列出一个范本希望对大家有帮助！同时记住下面的替换！
1. purchasing power of incomes
Maximizetheir incomes = increase the purchasing power of incomes (同意替换) 2. property = real estate (同意替换) stockexchange, venture investment 3. precision = accuracy
4. Thinking ability = critical thinking =creative= innovation
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think proper= logical thinking
5. reasoning = logical thought =thought 6. popular culture= common culture 7. cultural power= assimilating power 8. more often than not = often
The decline of telephone is but all too natural in communicationdevelopment. He more often than not comes here. （短语精讲）
9. prevent (同意替换)= hinder= refrain= deter（同意替换） 翻译：他生病了所以没有去。
Illnessprevented him from going there. 10. judge = Justice （必考含义） 11. apprehension (必考含义) = worry apprehensiveability 理解能力
12. mind = people= individual 同意替换
13. faith=confidence=assertiveness 信心（同意替换） 14. drug= medicine
15. dismiss 斥责= rebuke=criticize
16. tap 开发 tap the market = explore themarket = expand the market 17. verbally
18. entail =make= cause
19. nature ；nurture/ born ; made /inherited ;acquired/innate （同意替换） cognitive/intuitive made/born (先天和后天)
20. attribute= character=trait=merit=feature=virtue 特点；特质（同意替换） 21. complementary=auxiliary (同意替换) 22. suits = enable (同意替换)= entail 23. visualize=imagine=conceive
24. mechanical = unchanged (同意替换) Mechanical learning （短语搭配） Dynamic=changeable=variable; vary Modify=change
25. distinction= fame (同意替换)（必考词义）
26. implication ; connotation; suggestion; reference;(同意替换) carry important implications for（短语动词）
27. accumulation = expansion （同意替换）= augmentation 28.literally = actually=absolutely (同意替换)
逐字地；照字面地；确实地，真正地；[口语]差不多，简直（用于加强语意）29. initiatives=measures (同意替换) Initiatives =intention Initiative =active
Initiative=primitive=beginning
30.spontaneity = informal (同意替换) craft=formal
endeavors=efforts=acts Act
31.Doubt= deny= don’t believe
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Suspect =believe
32.Determine = find out 33. 经济下滑,衰退 slowing economy softening economy stagnant economy economic recession economic decline
economic stagnation (stagnant). Depression Slowdown
34.symptoms =negative example 35.frames = body
36.grasp = understanding 37.reshape= remold 38.entitle
we are entitled to some privileges. Some privilege sare given to us . Some privileges are conferred on us.
2015考研英语第一百八十句
这句话是这周经济学人上的句子，不是很难但是确实很典型的句式结构，大家可以和07年第四篇文章第一段的最后一句对照阅读，就能更有感悟。 需要我讲解美国政治常识的就给个评论哦：）
Frustrated by years of defeat but convinced Colorado was still fertile ground, Republicans this year recruited Cory Gardner, an affable congressman who represents the state’s east, to challenge Mark Udall, a Democrat, for the Senate seat he won in 2008. 词汇突破： fertile ground 沃土（比喻，能有成就的地方.） Affable 友善的和蔼的 Senate seat 参议院席位
主干识别： Republicans recruited Cory Gardner to challenge Mark Udall. 其他成分： 状语： to challenge Mark Udall. 状语
for the Senate seat he won in 2008：
（其中he won in 2008定语修饰Senate seat；he= Mark Udall) 开头两个状语：
1.Frustrated by years of defeat 补全就是：
Republicans are frustrated by years of defeat
2. but convinced Colorado was still fertile ground, 补全就是：
Republicans are convinced (that) Colorado was still fertile ground.
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同位语：
an affable congressman who represents the state’s east a Democrat
参考译文：虽然共和党对于多年的失败也很沮丧，但是依然相信科罗拉多州是一片“沃土”， 今年他们就招募了代表这个州东部地区的温和派的国会议员Cory Gardner，目的是为了向民主党人Mark Udall发起挑战，以谋求其在2008年取得的参议院席位。
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