(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、 Part 2(总题数：4，分数：40.00)
1. The term \"joint international business venture\many things to many people. It sometimes is taken to mean any joint relationship between one or more foreign firms and one or more local firms. Such a broad definition is excluded here. Joint venture will be taken to mean joint ownership of an operation in which at least one of the partners is foreign-based. 2. Joint ventures can take many forms. A foreign firm may take a majority share, a minority share, or an equal share in ownership. While it is not necessary to have financial control or to have operating control, some firms refuse to use the joint venture form if it is not possible to have a majority position in ownership. There are firms that have few qualms about holding minority position, however, so long as they can have operating control. They achieve this through technical aid, management, or supply contracts. 3. It should be recognized that maintaining operating control is sometimes difficult if one does not have financial control too. Objectives of the participants may diverge; when they do, financial control becomes important. Management may wish to reinvest earnings while the majority of the board may wish earnings distributed as dividends. Unless policy issues of this kind can be settled amicably, lack of financial control can prove to be very unsatisfactory, if not fatal. 4. Many joint ventures emerge as matters of necessity: that is, no single firm is willing to assume the risks entailed, while a consortium of firms is. Large, capital-intensive, long-lived investments are natural candidates for the joint venture. Exploitation of resource deposits is often done by a consortium of several petroleum or mining firms. Roles are parceled out even though each phase of the operation is owned jointly. One firm does the actual mining, another provides transportation, and still another does the refining and extraction. There is a wide variety of combinations. 5. Also the joint venture can pose problems, especially if it is an enforced marriage of partners. For many ventures in small countries, it is difficult to find a suitable local partner, that is, one with sufficient capital and know how to be able to contribute to the partnership. In some developing countries, a small handful of families control the entire locally owned part of the industrial structure. Under these circumstances, a joint venture merely insulates them further from independent, foreign-owned plants that would compete against them. For this and other reasons, the only suitable partner may end up being the government itself. Most multinational firms, however, shy away from such arrangements where possible. Questions 1-5 Directions: For questions 1-5, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. Maintaining operating control in joint venture B. The financial control in joint venture C. The definition of joint venture D. The proportion of share in joint venture E. Problems of partners in joint venture F. The support of the government G. A wide variety of combinations in joint venture（分数：10.00） (1).Paragraph 1 1（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：C） 解析：解析：第1段介绍了合资公司的含义。 (2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：D） 解析：解析：第2段介绍了合资公司的股权。 (3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：B） 解析：解析：第3段介绍了合资公司的财务控制权。 (4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：G） 解析：解析：第4段介绍了合资公司合作方式。 (5).Paragraph 5 1（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：E） 解析：解析：第5段介绍了合资公司的合作伙伴。
Directions: Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 6-10, with a word or phrase from the list below. For each sentence(6-10), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. they can't have a majority position in ownership B. find a suitable local partner C. any joint relationship between foreign firms and local firms D. joint ownership of an operation in which at least one of the partners is foreign-based E. maintain operating control F. assume the risks entailed G. take a majority share（分数：10.00） (1).Joint venture, in a broad sense, means 1.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：C）
解析：解析：参阅文章第1段第2句和第3句：“It sometimes is…is excluded here．” (2).Some firms refuse to use the joint venture form if 1.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：A）
解析：解析：参阅文章第2段：“some firms refuse to use the joint venture form if it is not possible to have a majority position in ownership．”
(3).It is sometimes difficult for one participant to 1 if it does not have financial control.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：E）
解析：解析：文章第3段开头讲到对一个参加者来讲，没有财务控制权有时就很难取得经营管理权。 (4).No single firm is willing to 1, while a consortium of firms is.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：F）
解析：解析：参阅文章第4段第一句：“Many joint ventures…of firms is．” (5).For many ventures in small countries, it is difficult to 1.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：B）
解析：解析：参阅文章第5段第2句：“For many ventures in small countries，it is difficult to find asuitable local partner．”
1. American managers who want to get more out of their white-collar workforce will be in a shock if they seek advice from Frank Becker, a professor at Cornell University who studies the pattern of office work. His advice: companies need to devote more office space to creating places like will-tended living rooms, where employees can sit around in comfort and chat. 2. Mr. Becker is one of a group of academics and consultants trying to make companies more productive by linking new office technology to a better understanding of how employees work. The forecast of a decade ago — that computers would increase office productivity, reduce white-collar payrolls and help the remaining staff to work better — have proved much too hopeful. Mr. Becker predicts that the central office will become mainly a place where workers from satellite and home-based offices meet to discuss ideas and to reaffirm their loyalty to follow employees and the company. This will require new thoughts about the layout of office buildings. Now spaces for copying machines, coffee rooms, meetings and reception areas usually come second to the offices in which people spend most of the day working. Mr. Becker sees these common areas gradually becoming the heart of an office. 3. Managers, says Mr. Becker, will also have to abandon their long-cherished notion that a productive employee is an employee who can be seen. Appearing on time and looking busy will soon become irrelevant. Technology and new patterns of office use will make companies judge people by what they do, not by where they spend their time. 4. That does not mean the end of the office, just its transformation into to a social center. New ideas about offices are catching on elsewhere. Digital Equipment Corp's subsidiary in Finland has equipped offices with reclining chairs and stuffed sofas to make them more comfortable and conductive to informal conversations
and the swapping of ideas. Companies such as Apple and General Electric are experimenting along similar lines. 5. Steelcase, a manufacturer of office furniture, is one of the firms keenest to experiment with new office layouts and designs. The company's research center in Grand Rapids, Michigan, is an $11 million building completed in 1989. It is designed around a series of office \"neighborhoods\" that put marketing, manufacturing and design people close to each other so that they can find it easier to discuss ideas and solve problems. Employees on different floors can see one another through glass, and easily go from floor to floor via escalator. Top managers work in a cluster of offices that are wrapped around an atrium in the middle of the building, rather than occupying the usual suite of top-floor offices. They can see and be seen by the people they manage. 6. But sometimes even the most communicative employee just wants to be left alone. Questions 1-5 Directions: For questions 1-5, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. New office will bring out more profits B. Some companies have adopted new offices C. Old notions of office should be abandoned D. Computer will not be used in new office E. An example of new office building F. What the new office will look like G. The new idea of office shocks managers（分数：10.00） (1).Paragraph 1 1（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：G）
解析：解析：第1段讲述了经理们会被Frank Becker的新办公室理念所震惊。 (2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：F）
解析：解析：第2段讲述了Frank Becker为大家描述的未来新型办公室的样子。 (3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：C）
解析：解析：第3段讲述了一些有关办公室的陈旧的理念应该被抛弃。 (4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：B）
解析：解析：第4段讲述了一些大的知名公司已经开始采用新型的办公室。 (5).Paragraph 5 1（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：E） 解析：解析：第5段列举了一个新型的办公室的例子。
Directions: Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 6-10, with a word or phrase from the list below. For each sentence(6-10), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. busy all the time B. chat to each other C. social centers D. heart of an office E. gather together F. where they spend their time G. comfortable（分数：10.00） (1).According to Frank Becker, it is good for workers to have place where they can sit and 1.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：B）
解析：解析：参照文章第1段：“…where employees can sit around in comfort and chat．” (2).Communal rooms will become the 1.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：D）
解析：解析：参照文章第2段第一句：“Mr．Becker sees…of an office．”
(3).It is no longer necessary for workers to be seen and look 1.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：A）
解析：解析：参照文章第3段：“…that a productive employee is an employee who can be seen．Appearing on time and looking busy will soon become irrelevant．”
(4).Worker will be judged by what they do, not by 1.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：F）
解析：解析：参照文章第3段：“…judge people by what they do，not by where they spend their time．”
(5).Offices will become 1.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：C）
解析：解析：参照文章第4段第一句：“That does not…to a social center．”
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