一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类 1．阅读理解
A PG-13 rating is a stricter warning by the Rating Board to parents to determine whether their children under age 13 should view the film. A PG-13 film may go beyond the PG rating in theme, violence, nudity (裸露), language, adult activities or other elements, but does not reach the restricted R category.
The theme of the film by itself will not result in a rating greater than PG-13, although activities shown in the film related to a mature theme may result in a restricted rating for the film. Any drug use will initially require at least a PG-13 rating. More than brief nudity will require at least a PG-13 rating, but such nudity in PG-13 rated film generally will not be sexually oriented. There may be violence scene in a PG-13 movie, but generally not both realistic and extreme or persistent violence.
A single use of one of the rude words in a film, though only as an expletive (感叹语), initially requires at least a PG-13 rating. More than one such bad word requires an R rating, as must even one of those words used in a sexual context. The Rating Board nevertheless may rate such a film PG-13 if, based on a special vote by a two-thirds majority, the Raters feel that most American parents would believe that a PG-13 rating is appropriate because of the context or manner in which the words are used or because the use of those words in the film is easily neglected. （1）What is the main goal of this passage? A.To discuss various movie ratings. B.To explain various movie ratings.
C.To explain the difference between PG-13 and R movie ratings. D.To explain the PG-13 movie rating.
（2）According to PG-13 rating, the theme of the movie __________. A.has little impact on its rating B.has a large impact on its rating C.should be entertaining D.should be suitable for children
（3）From Paragraph 2, we can learn that drug usage __________. A.should not be allowed in movies B.is dangerous
C.makes a PG-13 rating necessary D.is not appropriate for children under 13
（4）What does a movie with two or more uses of bad words require? A.A PG rating. B.A PG-13 rating. C.An R rating. D.An NC-17 rating. 【答案】 （1）D
（2）A （3）C （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。PG-13级是电影分级委员会对家长发出的更严格的警告，目的是决定13岁以下的孩子是否应该看这部电影。文章介绍了PG-13电影分级。 （1）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文从主题、暴力、裸体、语言、成人活动方面解释了PG-13的电影分级。全文目的在于解释PG-13。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The theme of the film by itself will not result in a rating greater than PG-13, although activities shown in the film related to a mature theme may result in a restricted rating for the film.”，电影的主题本身不会导致评级大于PG-13，尽管在电影中出现的与成熟主题相关的活动可能会导致对电影的限制评级。此可知，电影的主题对PG-13评级影响不大。故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Any drug use will initially require at least a PG-13 rating.”任何药物使用最初都需要至少达到PG-13级别。可知，药物使用使PG-13评级是必要的。故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“More than one such bad word requires an R rating, as must even one of those words used in a sexual context.”，一部有两个或两个以上脏话用法的电影需要满足R级。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Entrepreneur and CEO of Tesla and Space X, Eldon Musk may have a little more time on his hands, as he's leaving his position on the board of the Open Al, according to a blog post. The departure is likely the result of Tesla's moving into the field of Artificial Intelligence(AI)，which he said in 2017 would be the “best in the world”and would even be able to “predict your destination, ”Musk will continue to “donate and advise the organization,” Open AI said in a blog post on Feb. 20, adding that “As Tesla continues to become more focused on AI, this will avoid a potential future conflict for Eldon.
Musk and Y Combiner CEO Sam Altman co-founded the nonprofit enterprise in December2015, its mission is to develop safe artificial general intelligence and ensure those developments are made public. Open AI researchers published a paper on the site ArXiv, org, detailing the possible secure threats that come with“malicious”AI. In fact, Musk has heard the “evil AI”alarm several times, On Aug.11，2017, he warned that artificial intelligence poses a bigger threat to humanity, and he told a gathering of state governors that the government needs to regulate Al before robots start “killing people. ”
Musk's departure from the Open AI board could mean big things for Tesla. As Eton Goodbye, a financial reporter, noted on Futurism, the move “could signal that Tesla is more deeply committed to their own AI projects than we thought. ”He added, “Those who have had their ears to any rumors (谣言)that Tesla is ready to deliver vehicles capable of Level 5autonomy could take
this new Open Al development as a sign that the company is inching closer to that unapproachable goal, ”No company has reached that level of autonomy, which means that a driverless car could navigate any road under any conditions and that all the human “driver” would need to do is to input a destination. （1）Why does Eldon Musk leave his position?
A. To create safer AI. B. To build powerful Internet.
C. To develop social communication. D. To avoid a possible conflict with Tesla. （2）What is the Eldon Musk's attitude towards the AI?
A. Ambiguous. B. Supportive. C. Negative. D. Sympathetic. （3）What does the underlined word “malicious” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Poisonous. B. Unpopular. C. Advanced. D. Traditional. （4）What can we infer from Eton Goodbye's comments?
A. Level 5 autonomy is impossible. B. The rumors about Tesla is meaningless. C. He has no confidence in Open AI. D. Level 5 autonomy could set human drivers free. 【答案】（1）D （2）B （3）A （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了传奇人物埃隆·马斯克和他的公司。 (1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Entrepreneur and CEO of Tesla and Space X, Eldon Musk may have a little more time on his hands, as he's leaving his position on the board of the Open AI, according to a blog post.”和第二段中的“adding that “As Tesla continues to become more focused on AI, this will avoid a potential future conflict for Eldon.”可知Eldon Musk离开他的职位是为了避免可能和Tesla产生冲突，故D。
(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Musk will continue to “donate and advise the organization”可推知Eldon Musk对于AI的态度是同情，故选B。
(3)考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“In fact, Musk has heard the ‘evil AI’ alarm several times. ”可猜测出“malicious”的意思是有害的，故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“No company has reached that level of autonomy, which means that a driverless car could navigate any road under any conditions and that all the human ‘driver’ would need to do is to input a destination. 可推出“Level 5 autonomy”将会让人类司机解放，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music, dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.
It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness, Richard Burton, Dame Margot
Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras(交响乐团). It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.
At the same time, the \"Fringe\" appeared as a challenge(挑战) to the official festival. Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.
Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little -- known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.
Today the \"Fringe\once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959, with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big.
A paid administrator(行政人员) was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.
（1）What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning? A.To bring Europe together again. B.To honor heroes of World War II. C.To introduce young theatre groups. D.To attract great artists from Europe.
（2）Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947? A.They owned a public house there. B.They came to take up a challenge. C.They thought they were also famous. D.They wanted to take part in the festival.
（3）What does the \"Fringe\" mean in the third paragraph? A.unpopular groups B.non-official groups C.foreign groups D.local groups
（4）We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival . A.has become a non-official event B.has gone beyond an art festival C.gives shows all year round D.keeps growing rapidly 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）B （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了爱丁堡音乐节形成和发展，包括对创设目
的，参与群体，发展规模等方面进行了简要而准确的叙述，回顾了爱丁堡音乐节的发展历程。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.”可知，这个Edinburgh Festival是为了在二战后重新团结欧洲。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的 “Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform,” 可知这些队伍认为每个人都有表演的权力，所以他们想要参加节日。故选D。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“At the same time, the ‘Fringe’ appeared as a challenge(挑战) to the official festival. ”可知Fringe 与official是相对的；再根据“Eight theatre groups turned up？”以及第四段中的“Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform ”可知很多团体和大学生也参与了进来，所以Fringe译为非正式的，故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. ”可知它发展的非常快。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
LEGO began as one man's small business. But today, it is the second largest toy company in the world. The LEGO company sells small, brightly colored plastic bricks (积木). People can buy LEGO bricks in over 90 countries.
Ole Kirk Kristiansen from Denmark began his own business in 1932. He made products (产品) from wood including colorful wooden toys. Kristiansen's young son, Godtfred, worked with him. Their business helped them make a lot of money.
By 1934, the Kristiansens named their company LEGO, which came from two Danish words, \"leg\" and \"godt\excellent wooden toys.
By 1947, the LEGO company began using a new material (材料) to make their toys — plastic. One of the toys they sold was called the Automatic Binding Brick. A person could put the bricks together to build something. But the bricks did not hold together easily. Still, they were a popular toy.
A few years later, in 1954, Godtfred Kirk Kristiansen had a big idea. He wanted all of the LEGO bricks to fit together. Finally, four years later, in 1958, the LEGO company found their answer. They invented the first modern style LEGO brick, which was similar to the Automatic Binding Brick but each piece would fit with any other piece.
Since that time, any toy that the LEGO company created would fit with any other toy they
created. Today, LEGO is not only the second largest toy maker in the world, but also making its products a great way for children to learn creative building skills. （1）When the LEGO company was set up, it ________. A.had a rapid growth B.failed to attract children C.invited children to work with it D.was small but successful
（2）What do we know about the Automatic Binding Brick? A.It was liked by few people. B.It was the best of its kind. C.It was a building toy. D.It was made of wood.
（3）The first modern style LEGO brick________. A.fit together perfectly
B.was created by Godtfred and his father C.was invented in the early 1950s
D.differed greatly from the Automatic Binding Brick （4）What's the best title for the text? A.LEGO: Educational Toys B.LEGO: Play Well
C.Toy Companies: From Small to Big D.Toy Companies: Never Too Late to Create 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）A （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了丹麦知名玩具品牌乐高的发展历程。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“LEGO began as one man's small business”；以及第二段中的“Their business helped them make a lot of money,可知，高公司在创立初期虽然规模不大但盈利很多。因此可知公司规模虽小但很成功，故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“A person could put the bricks together to build something.”可知，Automatic Binding Brick是一种拼装积木，可以使用积木组装玩具，故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的\"the first modern style LEGO brick ... each piece would fit with any other piece”可知，现代的乐高积木可以彼此完全贴合，从而组装成一个整体。故选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第三段“By 1934, the Kristiansens named their company LEGO, which came from two Danish words, ‘leg’ and ‘godt’， meaning ‘play well’. The LEGO company grew slowly. But it continued to create excellent wooden toys. ”可知，文章介绍了知名积木玩具乐高的发展情况， LEGO在丹麦语中意为\"玩得好”，这是公司制作玩具的宗旨所在， 因
此B项作标题概括了文章主旨也表达了乐高的宗旨，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
\"Our aim is to take our art to the world and make people understand what it is to move,\" said David Belle, the founder of parkour.
Do you love running? It is a good exercise, yet many people find it boring. But what if making your morning jog a creative one? Like jumping from walls and over gaps, and ground rolls? Just like James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond's wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.
Yes, that's parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the barriers in the path using only the abilities of the human body. Parkour is considered an extreme sport. As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.
Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds, but its participants see parkour much more than that.
Overcoming all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy behind parkour. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in parkour and never fall back in your life, to reach the destination successfully. A parkour lover said, \"I love parkour because its philosophy has become my life, my way to do everything.\"
Another philosophy we've learnt from parkour is freedom. It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world. It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself. （1）Parkour has become popular throughout the world because of . A.its founder, David Belle B.the varieties of participants C.its risks and tricks D.the film, Casino Royale
（2）The underlined word \"obstacles\" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to \" \". A.streets B.objects C.roofs D.barriers
（3）Which of the following is the philosophy of parkour? A.Sports and extremes. B.Determination and freedom. C.Dreams and success. D.Excitement and popularity.
（4）Which of the following is true of parkour?
A.It is a team sport. B.It is a good but boring sport. C.It needs special training. D.It challenges human abilities. 【答案】 （1）D （2）D （3）B （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了跑酷运动的起源、特点和此运动蕴含的哲理。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的‘’Just like James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond's wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.”可知因为James Bond在电影Casino Royale中的精彩跑酷表演使得这项运动在全世界流行，故选D。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“that's parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the barriers in the path using only the abilities of the human body.”可知跑酷的目的是尽可能快地从一个地方移动到另一个地方，利用人体的能力越过道路上的所有障碍。画线部分over obstacles on the way.与getting over all the barriers in the path意思一致，指跨越路上的障碍。obstacles与barriers同义，故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Overcoming all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy behind parkour. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers”可知跑酷蕴含的哲理是决心；第六段中的“Another philosophy we've learnt from parkour is freedom.”可知蕴含的另一个哲理是自由。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Parkour is considered an extreme sport.”；第四段中的“Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds.”可知跑酷是极限运动，像听起来那样刺激和迷人。因此它挑战人类的能力。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
For all the pressures and rewards of regionalization (地区化) and globalization, local identities remain the most deeply impressed. Even if the end result of globalization is to make the world smaller, its scope seems to foster the need for more private local connections among many individuals. As Bernard Poignant, mayor of the town of Quimper in Brittany, told the Washington Post, \"Man is a fragile animal and he needs his close attachments. The more open the world becomes, the more ties there will be to one's roots and one's land.\"
In most communities, local languages such as Poignant's Breton serve a strong symbolic function as a clear mark of \"authenticity (原真性)\". The sum total of a community's shared historical experience, authenticity reflects a noticeable line from a culturally idealized past to the present, carried by the language and traditions associated with the community's origins. A concern for authenticity leads most secular (世俗的) Israelis to defend Hebrew among themselves while also acquiring English and even Arabic. The same obsession with authenticity drives Hasidic Jews in Israel or the Diaspora to champion Yiddish while also learning Hebrew and English. In each case, authenticity amounts to a central core of cultural beliefs and interpretations that are not only resistant to globalization but also are actually reinforced by the \"threat\" that globalization seems to present to these historical values. Scholars may argue that cultural identities change over time in response to specific reward systems. But locals often resist such explanation and defend authenticity and local mother tongues against the perceived threat of globalization with near religious eagerness.
As a result, never before in history have there been as many standardized languages as there are today: roughly 1,200. Many smaller languages, even those with far fewer than one million speakers, have benefited from state-sponsored or voluntary preservation movements. On the most informal level, communities in Alaska and the American northwest have formed Internet discussion groups in an attempt to pass on Native American languages to younger generations. In the Basque, Catalan, and Galician regions of Spain, such movements are fiercely political and frequently involved loyal resistance to the Spanish government over political and linguistic rights. Projects have ranged from a campaign to print Spanish money in the four official languages of the state to the creation of language immersion nursery and primary schools. Zapatistas in Mexico are championing the revival of Mayan languages in an equally political campaign for local autonomy.
In addition to causing the feeling of the subjective importance of local roots, supporters of local languages defend their continued use on practical grounds. Local tongues foster higher levels of school success, higher degrees of participation in local government, more informed citizenship, and better knowledge of one's own culture, history, and faith. Government and relief agencies can also use local languages to spread information about industrial and agricultural techniques as well as modern health care to diverse audiences. Development workers in West Africa, for example, have found that the best way to teach the vast number of farmers with little or no formal education how to sow and rotate crops for higher yields is in these local tongues. Nevertheless, both regionalization and globalization require that more and more speakers of local languages be multi-literate.
（1）In paragraph 1, the author quoted a mayor's word to show that globalization ________. A. strengthens local identities B. weakens regionalization C. strengthens individualism D. weakens local attachments （2）The influence of globalization on authenticity is that it ________.
A. weakens the authority of authenticity B. prevents the development of authenticity C. enhances the importance of authenticity D. promotes the maturity of authenticity （3）In terms of campaigns for language protection, America differs from Spain and Mexico in
that ______.
A. its volunteers have enough sponsorship from the state. B. its locals are not interested in finding native Americans. C. its youths are eager to pass on the local traditions. D. its movements are not political.
（4）Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Practically, local languages are less used than English. B. Local languages are more important in daily life. C. The smaller the world is, the more united the locals are. D. The relation between localization and globalization is double-win. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）D （4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，对于区域化和全球化的所有压力及其回报来说，本地的认同还是最关键的。即使全球化的最终结果是促使世界变小了，这一能力依然促进了众多个体最初在本土相连的需求。世界越是变得开放，其本源与本土的连接就会越紧密。文章列举了当地文化的现状及各国采取的保护措施。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段得知，作者用引用的句子是为了说明全球化让世界越变越小，但它也促使个体之间更加亲密，增加了地方认同。故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“In each case, authenticity amounts to a central core of cultural beliefs and interpretations that are not only resistant to globalization but also are actually reinforced by the \"threat\" that globalization seems to present to these historical values.”可知，全球化对真实性的影响是增强了真实性的重要性。故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“communities in Alaska and the American northwest have formed Internet discussion groups in an attempt to pass on Native American languages to younger generations.”阿拉斯加和美国西北部的社区已经形成了互联网讨论会来保护语言，而西班牙和墨西哥通过政治活动保护语言。故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段可知，地方语言的众多用处，但并没有明确比较地方语言和英语在实际应用方面孰多孰少。A项表述错误。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
After shopping for deals in stores on \"Black Friday\and people worldwide are preparing for newly popular \"Giving Tuesday\". Starting in 2012, now the global event that is celebrated annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving is the brainchild of 92nd Street Y, a cultural center in New York City and United Nations Foundation.
As the name indicates, Giving Tuesday is meant to restart the charitable season and therefore observed by raising funds for local nonprofits and schools, organizing food and clothing drives,
and conducting random acts of kindness. In 2015, 700, 000 people from 71 countries came together to donate $116.7 million in cash. An additional $1.08 million was spent on gifts. While the easiest way to participate is by donating to your favorite charity, this day can be celebrated in many other ways too. You can give back by volunteering at your local shelter or food bank, or even by donating blood. If all else fails, a purchase from the growing number of organizations that give a portion of their sales to charity will do the trick.
But perhaps the best way to celebrate the day is by helping those nearest and dearest to you. Assist a family member with a simple chore like folding laundry, cooking dinner, or even reading to a younger sibling. No matter what you do, be sure to share you good deed on social media and inspire others to celebrate Giving Tuesday as well! （1）Which of the following has the shortest history?
A. Black Friday B. Giving Tuesday C. Thanksgiving Day D. Cyber Monday （2）What's the main purpose of \"Giving Tuesday\"?
A. To make Thanksgiving Day enjoyable B. To get voluntary work better known C. To encourage more people to do charities D. To persuade more people to shop online （3）Why does the author advise sharing good deeds on social media? A. To keep a record of one's experience B. To help people make new friends C. To donate money to local schools D. To make Giving Tuesday more popular （4）Which section of a website does the next probably come from?
A. Education B. Culture C. Lifestyle D. Business 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）D （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Giving Tuesday （给予星期二）。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“After shopping for deals in stores on ‘Black Friday’, or online on ‘Cyber Monday’, Americans and people worldwide are preparing for newly popular ‘Giving Tuesday’\"可知在\"黑色星期五\"或\"网络星期一\"购物后，美国人和世界各地的人都在为新流行的\"给予星期二\"做准备，\"给予星期二\"是一个新流行，说明它最近才出现，应该是历史最短的，故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“As the name indicates, Giving Tuesday is meant to restart the charitable season and therefore observed by raising funds for local nonprofits and schools, organizing food and clothing drives, and conducting random acts of kindness.”可知 \"给予星期二\"是为了重新启动慈善活动季，因此，人们会为当地的非营利组织和学校筹集资金，组织食品和衣物捐赠活动，并进行一些随机的善举。这说明这个活动主要是为了鼓励人们做慈善，故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“No matter what you do, be sure to share you good deed on social media and inspire others to celebrate Giving Tuesday as well!”可知作者鼓励无论人们做什么，一定要在社交媒体上分享他们的善行，并鼓励其他人也庆祝\"给予星期二\"!这说明作者鼓励人们在社交媒体分享善行就是为了让越来越多的人参与到这个活动，让这个
活动更受欢迎，故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。本文介绍了\"给予星期二\"这一活动，人们会在这一天进行各种慈善活动，这反映了社会价值，是一种社会文化，所以最后可能来自网站的文化板块，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读理解
The theatre in Shakespeare's time was much different than it is today. Authors wrote plays for the masses, especially those who couldn't read or write.
The theatre changed a lot during Shakespeare's lifetime. The authorities didn't like it and didn't allow acting in the city itself: They thought it had a bad influence on people and kept them from going to church. Queen Elizabeth, on the other hand, loved acting and helped the theatre become popular.
The theatre in Shakespeare's time was full of life. People did not sit all the time and it was not quiet during the performance. The audience could walk around, eat and drink during the play. Theaters were open arenas or playhouses that had room for up to three thousand people. There was almost no scenery because the dialogue was the most important part of the play. Colourful and well-designed costumes were very important and told the people about the status of a character. Women never performed in plays, 80 young boys played female characters. The performances took place in the afternoon because it was too dark at night.
There was no stage crew as there is today. Actors had to do everything themselves-from making costumes to setting the stage. Plays were organized by acting companies. They performed about 6 different plays each week because they needed money to survive. They had almost no time to rehearse (排练).
The companies in Shakespeare's time had a rank system. The company belonged to shareholders and managers. They were responsible for everything and got most of the money when the company was successful. Sometimes they even owned their own buildings. Actors worked for the managers and after some time became a permanent member of the company. Apprentices (学徒) were young boys and were allowed to act in unimportant role. They also played female characters in plays.
（1）Why was the theatre banned by the authorities? A. It was much different than before. B. They thought it affected people negatively. C. They thought it kept people going to church. D. The queen didn't like it.
（2）What does the underlined word \"arenas\" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Stages. B. Stores. C. Companies. D. Playgrounds. （3）What do we know about then actors?
A. They could drink during the play. B. Women had to cross-dress male characters. C. They had stage crew to help them. D. They were too busy to practice. （4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember Shakespeare. B. To show his love of Shakespeare's plays. C. To introduce theaters in Shakespeare's time. D. To discuss the company's rank system. 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）D （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了莎士比亚时代的戏剧表演的情况以及当时演员的状况。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The authorities didn't like it and didn't allow acting in the city itself: They thought it had a bad influence on people and kept them from going to church.”可知，当权者不喜欢戏剧，不允许在城市里表演，因为他们认为对人们有不好的影响，所以阻止人们去教堂，故选B。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Theaters were open arenas or playhouses that had room for up to three thousand people. ”可知arenas与playhouses 是同义词，playhouses是一个可以容纳多达3000观众的地方看戏剧表演的地方，因而arenas是开阔的舞台，故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“They performed about 6 different plays each week because they needed money to survive. They had almost no time to rehearse (排练).”可知，每周表演六个不同的戏剧，因此没有时间排练，可知他们很忙，故选D。
（4）考查写作意图。根据文章可知，本文主要介绍了莎士比亚时代的戏剧表演的情况以及当时演员的状况，故本文在介绍莎士比亚时代的剧院，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和写作意图四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读理解
Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.
A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身)，nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can't judge a book by its cover, yet people do \"cover\" themselves in order to convey certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.
Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees, because those people represent the companies to their customers. As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone
who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can't expect all our customers are.
There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.
（1）Which of the following is the newspaper editor's opinion according to Paragraph 2? A. People's appearances can messages about themselves. B. Customers' choices influence dress standards in companies. C. Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated. D. Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace. （2）What can be inferred from the text?
A. Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview. B. Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates. C. Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates. D. What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies. （3）Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Personal Choices Matter B. Appearances Matter C. Employees Matter D. Hiring Managers Matter
（4）The author's attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described .
A. negative B. positive C. enthusiastic D. sympathetic 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）B （4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了公司职员的着装是否得体不只代表个人还代表公司，而求职者的着装也会影响招聘经理对其的印象。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的 \"A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos(纹身) nose rings, or certain dress styles.\"可知报纸编辑认为有纹身或者鼻环的人也应该被公平对待，故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的 \"Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.\" 可知在职场着装不只代表个人形象更代表公司形象，故选D。
（3）考查主旨大意。文章主要讲了公司职员的着装是否得体不只代表个人还代表公司，而求职者的着装也会影响招聘经理对其的印象，由此可知文章的主要内容为着装，故选B。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的\"There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.\"可知，作者认为求职者因为奇装异服而被公司拒绝是很正常的，因为很
少会有公司会为求职者改变标准，求职者应该改变自己来符合公司的要求。由此可知作者对奇装异服的态度是负面的，选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读理解
Corporate culture is the values and beliefs a company develops over time. The role of corporate culture is to improve a company's mission and strategies, with long-term hopes of improvements in a company's profit. Mostly corporate culture comes from a company's top management.
One role of corporate culture is to influence employee behavior, honesty, and compliance（服从）. A company does not have to necessarily create a direct influence for these actions. A direct influence may be a set of written regulations or other policies, and while these may be in place, the corporate culture is usually more of an indirect influence.
While many companies try to create corporate culture through the use of written policies, its role is harder to define. The human factor has an influence on how corporate culture is expressed. The way uppermanagement acts and reacts to various situations defines how lower-level employees will act, and this aspect may be more important than any written policy.
A company's corporate culture can also extend beyond the walls of the business. Consumers who believe a company to be honest and forthright（直率）may be more loyal in their buying behavior. Employees in a company's customer service department can also exhibit positive corporate culture to outside individuals. In this case, the culture creates a link between the company's employees and its customers. How customers react may be a direct result from the company's corporate culture.
Product quality can also be influenced by a company's corporate culture. Companies that focus only on profits may decide to avoid high-quality materials in products, but try to suggest that the products are of higher quality than they really are. This negative culture can then result in lower brand loyalty with consumers.
（1）What do we know about corporate culture from this passage? A. It is a set of rules and regulations. B. It is the way the employees act. C. It is the values and beliefs of a company. D. It is the long term hope of a company. （2）Which of the following is more efficient in creating corporate culture? A. Making a set of rules and regulations. B. Setting an example for the employees. C. Learning the corporate culture regularly. D. Encouraging the employees to work harder. （3）What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A. The customer is always right.
B. Corporate culture has different functions. C. Without corporate culture, a company will die. D. Positive corporate culture can promote sales.
（4）Which word can describe the companies mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. Creative. B. Efficient. C. Dishonest. D. Disloyal. 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）D （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。企业文化是一个公司随着时间的推移而发展起来的价值观和信念。企业文化的作用是完善企业的使命和战略，并有望长期企业利润的提高。文章并指出了企业文化对企业销量和质量的影响作用。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Corporate culture is the values and beliefs a company develops over time.”可知企业文化是一个公司随着时间的推移而发展起来的价值观和信念。故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Mostly corporate culture comes from a company's top management.”可知企业文化大多来自公司的高层管理人员。即树立员工榜样更能有效地创造企业文化，故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Employees in a company's customer service department can also exhibit positive corporate culture to outside individuals. In this case, the culture creates a link between the company's employees and its customers.”可知公司客服部门的员工也可以向外界展示积极的企业文化。在这种情况下，企业文化在员工和客户之间建立了联系，而客户的反应可能是公司企业文化的直接结果。即可知积极的企业文化可以促进销售。故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Companies that focus only on profits may decide to avoid high-quality materials in products, but try to suggest that the products are of higher quality than they really are.”可知那些只注重利润的公司可能会决定在产品中避免使用高质量的材料，但要尽量表明产品的质量比实际质量高。公司用低质量的产品冒充品质好的产品，这是一种“不诚实”的行为，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
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