t r. 222 黄捷 HUANG JlE 黄捷 HUANG JIE 余穗瑶 YU SUIYAO 有先例的。现在复杂的大型工程由外方来设计时,这些主要的重大的技术难题都会由专门的咨询公司给出解决方案,比如请Arup来 做消防性能化分析等,但我们在广州I大剧院这个项目上,什么咨询方都没有。我们在接到图纸之初,也是经常看着图纸叹气, t这个应 该怎么做呀?”按道理说,很多国外团队在中国做设计都会带有自己的咨询顾问,比如结构顾问、声学顾问、舞台顾问、幕墙顾问等。 ifiF-J'、I1大剧院项目,所有这些专业顾问都是由我们聘请的。最终是靠与代建方找技术方来解决这些问题,全部的分包设计合同都是由 我来签署的,包括声学设计方面与马歇尔戴公司的分包合同。 ln the end we made a 50。50 deal with ZHA team,and we LD1 would be in charge of coordinating all the design work that other disciplines did under a general design contract.As a result.a large part of ou r share was used to pay the consultants including acoustics r stage machinery,lighting and sound.Within such a tight budget,we had to restrict the design fees for the consultants.We had encountered unprecedented difficulties in many aspects such as fi re safety,st ructu re and cu rtain wall back then.Nowadays foreign design fi rms usually have professional consulting companies to solve the major technicaI problems・For example,they can pay Arup to do a fire safety performance analysis.But we had no consultants in doing Ouangzhou Opera House.’How can we do this? sighed us,staring at the d rawings we got.Foreign practices Ouaht tO have thei r own consultants when doing projects in China like structu re consultant,acoustic consultant stage consultant or cu rtain wall consultant.But in the project of Guangzhou Opera House,it is US who hired all the consultants.The problems Were s0Ived eventually by seeking assistance from technical specialists through the construction agent.I signed all the subcontracts including the contract with Marshall Day Acoustics to design the acoustics for the theatre. 声学设计 Acoustic Desig n 当时我们的总包设计费用十分有限,我们就与余总商量,要把设计费重点放在哪个专项设计上?是舞台机械?还是声学?讨论后 决定,还是要把主要力量放在声学设计中。把钱花在2J-7'J t--。 As we had a limited budget we discussed with M r.Yu to determine on which we would mainly focus Was it stage machinery or acoustics?We then decided to concentrate on the latter to pay what really mattered. 以往的剧院设计,声学设计是在初步设计阶段才介入,而我们这个项目则希望在方案优化阶段,就能确定声学顾问团队。当时我 们一直期待扎哈团队能提供声学设计方面的意见,但是他们一直拿不出来,直到后来才知道扎哈团队对剧院设计的需要不是太懂。最 终还是由我们本地设计配合团队去请专家找团队。代建方和本地设计团队两方相互配合,才把这个问题给解决。 In previous theatre designs,acoustic consultant usually came in at the initial design stage,while we hoped to decide it during 223 皓罗德马歇尔爵士 Slr Ha rotd Ma rsha YU the design development stage.We were expecting the ZHA team to give some advice on acoustics design,but they didn t offer any. SUIYA0 Later we knew that they were not quite sure about the requirements of theatre design.Consequently it was LD1 who went to the experts and the problem was finally solved by the collaboration between construction agent and LDI team. 余穗瑶 那时有位澳大利亚领事馆的人给我介绍了马歇尔戴公司的中方代表杜晓军先生,他向我们介绍了他们在香港、新加坡和北京的 项目。随后,我们就到香港去考察他们的一个改造项目,也去了北京,听北京电视台的业主如何评价。各个项目业主的反馈都非常好, 都说马歇尔老先生非常敬业。当时马歇尔先生 也给予我们很大的信心,74岁高龄的老人家把这项目视为他的收山之作! Someone from the Australian Consulate referred Du Xiaojun to me.He is the reDresentative of Marshall Day Acoustics in China,and introduced to us their projects in Hong Kong,Singapore and Beijing.We went to Hong Kong to visit a renovation project,and also flew to Beijing,getting in touch with BTV,to see how their clients evaluated their work.All feedbacks were very positive,saying that Sir Ma rshall was dedicated to his work. 我们为声学也开过很多次讨论会,就我负责主持召开的就不下1OO次。在项端祈先生还在世的时候,他也曾来参加会议,并给 了很多好的建议。当时我们的做法比较特殊,我喜欢请风格不一、意见不一的专家同时参会,更鼓励专家们相互争论,项端祈先生、 章奎生先生、吴硕贤院士都是国内顶级的声学专家,他们每个人的意见也都不尽相同,但最终却能意见统一。 We had a lot of seminars on acoustics as well,more than 100 that l held.When Xiang Ruiqi was stil lwith us,he came once and provided a lot good advice.We were doing this in a special way at that time,inviting experts of all styles and ideas to the discussions and encou raging them to debate with each other.Xiang Ruiqi.Zhang Kui and Academician Wu Shuoxian a re al ltop acoustic experts in China.Although they held different opinions,a final conclusion would always get reached among them. 首当其冲的就是观众厅的造型问题,以往所有剧院的音乐厅都是鞋盒型的,规则对称;而广州大剧院观众厅的造型在世界上没 有先例,9O%以上的专家都持保留态度,但马歇尔先生则充满信心!我们想与他们合作,但他们的报价是300万,与我们之前的预 算相差太远了。 Fi rst thing first the shape of the auditorium had no precedent anywhere in the world as all of them were regula r boxes. about which over 90%of the experts held reserved opinions but Mr.Marshall was rather confident.On the other hand.Mr. Marshall had great confidence in this project and considered it as his final work.He was al ready 74 by then.So we did want to collaborate with them.but they charged 3 million RMB.which was far over our budget. 23哈罗德马歇尔爵士,1931年9月15日生,是声学设计和研究方面的专家,目前居住在新西兰奥克兰。他是奥克兰建筑学院荣誉教授 1981年与克里斯戴台作创办了马歇尔戴 声学公司。他的音乐厅设计,特别是与迈克巴伦关于声学侧面反射的重要贡献得到了国际公认。参与重大音乐厅项目包括与建筑师扎哈哈迪德合作的广卅I歌剧院、与法国建 筑师让努维尔合作的巴黎爱乐音乐厅。 8 Sl r HaroId Marshall(b0 rn 15 Septembe r 193I),is an exPe rt In aCOUst{CS design and research.He Is Professor Eme ritus of the Unlversifv of Auckland SchooI of Architecture.and co—founde r 0f Ma rshall Day Acoustjcs Ltd in 1981 with Chris Day He currentlY resides jn AuckIand New Zealand.and continues work with Ma rshaII Day ACOUstics as a g rouP consultant.He is recognised lntemationallY for hls contributlon to conce rt hall design,l『'Da rtlcula r his sereinal work with Mike Ba rron on the importance of late ral reflections Currently he is involved in several majo r concert hall p rojects including the Ouangzhou Opera House with a rchitect Zaha Hadid and the Phl Jha rmonle de Pa ris with French a rchltect Jean Nouvel L|二 r1 ] L I ◆ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● I ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● _ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 羹 ● ● ● f ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 。 ● ● ● ● ● ● ■女 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● | _j● r1 ..● 、 ● ● ● ● 争 / ,● k一 ● ● ● ● ● ● ’ ・ . . ● ● ● I ● ‘ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 口 ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●-● ● ● ● ●,● ● ● r1 ●. ● ● ●● ,. ● ● ● -.。’・一. ● ● ●J ●● . ● ● ● ● ● ● ● :.j .1l _ j ) 耄 、 厶 ! 一 ~ i — _: t ~ 一 : 一 225 I I P—r f 】 J (j ☆庠 ) O 一Steel F…{【Auditonum Bridge】 送巢 +—1 rTransfer Framewo rk I ’/圃l II I 【 |孽| E: 理采席挂振 AuditoriUm C Ladding 黄撞 HUANG JtE 我们当时的声学设计预算是8O万。 Ou r budget for acoustic design was 800.OOO RMB 余穗瑶 YU 我们要满足歌剧院的使用要求,首先体现在剧场的建筑声学要求上。剧院“以原声为主,以电声为辅”,所以对声学设计, 我们特别重视。后来我们不得不跟发改委谈这个问题,表明我们在这个问题上的需要和态度。发改委了解后非常支持,允许调整 概算,其声学设计费增加至250万预算;但这意味着在其他设计板块要相应减少预算。 To satisfy the demands for running an opera house。the priority is to meet the architectural acoustics requirements.A theatre usually focuses on original sounds supplemented by electric sounds,SO we took acoustic design quite seriously.Later SUIYA0 we had to raise ou r needs and thoughts on thiS issue to Guangzhou Development and Reform Commission.They were very supportive and increased the budget for acoustics to 2.5 milliom RMB.which meant that we must cut costs in other disciplines accordingly. 圈园 我们请马歇尔先生真是请对了。他在这个项目上有与众不同的创新理念,跟我们以前所理解的声学设计完全不同。马歇尔先生当 时已退休,七十多岁了,他第一次来珠江设计院开设计工作会,看到这个不规则形状的观众厅,非常兴奋。当时他说:“这样前所未有 的观众厅,我已经梦想2O年了,现在终于有了这样实现它的机会。”从这个意义上来说,马歇尔先生与扎哈真的算是相互成就。 tr. l 226 HUANG JIE 余穗瑶 YU SUI、rA0 观众席接掘 Audito rium C Ladding M r.Ma rshal lwas just the right person to consult.He had truly innovative ideas on acoustics in this project that differed from any that we used to think before.He had already retired by then in his 70s.The first time he came to the design meeting held in Pearl River Design Institute,he was SO excited to see the i rregula r auditorium,saying I ve been d reaming for twenty years of designing an unprecedented auditorium like this,and finally I have the chance to realize one. In this way,Ha rold MarshaI land Zaha Hadid both COntributed to their mutual success 我一直为请马歇尔先生为本项目做声学顾问不断努力,现在证明是非常正确的。老人家不但有经验,而且非常敬业,他们所提供 ∞ mllc! 口l ∞ ∞ ∞N@ 的资料详细、准确,每一次的问题回答都是非常及时、严谨。老先生每次来项目现场一般一周时间,他每天除了中午小憩一会儿,从 早到晚都是一直跟着。每次都是如此!记得2011年3月,项目建成后,广州大剧院曾举办了一次大型的庆祝活动,所有人都众星拱月 般地围着扎哈,而马歇尔先生几乎被冷落在旁,我心里特别难过,当时他已经是8O多岁高龄的老人家。这个剧院的建成从我的角度 来看马歇尔先生真的功不可没,如果没有他,没有所有参建单位的共同努力,我们肯定不会有现在这样的声场效果。 d been working hard to have ML Ma rshall as ou r acoustic consultant.which has been proved worthy.He was not only highly expe rienced but aIso extremely dedicated.They provided US with detailed and accu rate materials,and responded to ou r enqui ries with p recise answer in time.Everytime Sir Ma rshall came to the site he usually stayed for one week,during which time he a1ways kept an eye on what we were doing except a short noon rest.Everyday!Eve ry time!I remember that when the project was completed in Ma rch 2011,a g rand celebration was held by Guangzhou Opera House,where Hadid was su rrounded by everyone and M Ma rshaII aImost got left out.1 was so sad witnessing this.He was ove r 80 yea rs old then.FrOm mV point of view Guangzhou Ope ra House could not get done without Mr.Ma rshaII.Its rema rkable sound effect owes thanks to M Marshall and all involved parties who worked hard to achieve its realization ———~—~ ————’’—、 — ———’ —‘ —— 、 P , ———、———— —— ,— l— —~P、 一— 。 ,—— — —————~—————— 。: — 一 ———、 一—_ 、 ——?一. —