虚拟语气

Guidance:语气(mood)表示说话人对所说内容的态度和看法的一种动词形式。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气即陈述事实，用于陈述句、疑问句以及感叹句中；祈使语气表达请求和命令，用于祈使句中；虚拟语气表达假设、猜测、遗憾、愿望和建议等含义，用于If条件句和一些特殊句型。

Examples: 1. He does not feel very well. He probably will not come to the party. （他觉得不太舒服，也许不来参加晚会了。）

2. Turn off the lights before you leave .（你离开时关灯。）

3. If I were you, I would take her advice.（我要是你的话，我会接受她的建议。）

虚拟语气用于If条件句中

Key Points:虚拟语气(the Subjunctive Mood)常用于非真实条件句中，表达与事实相反的一种假设。

对现在情况的假设 对过去情况的假设 对将来情况的假设 从句 If +主语+were/过去式 If +主语+had+过去分词 If +主语+should /were to+动词原形 主句 主语+should (would,could, might)+动词原形 主语+should (would,could, might)+have+过去分词 主语+should (would,could, might)+动词原形 Examples: 1. If I had a bike, I would lend it to you. （如果我有自行车的话，我会借给你的。）

2. If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. （如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。）

3. If I were to be a millionaire, I should make my hometown free from poverty. （如果我成为百万富翁的话， 我一定让我的家乡摆脱贫困。）

Practice: 1. If I had a bike, I ______ it to you yesterday.

A. lent B. had lent C. would lend D. would have lent 正确答案：D

2. We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we ______ him.

A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned C. would telephone D. had telephoned 正确答案：A

Key Points: 虚拟语气有时用于倒装句中表达强调，即条件句中省略

if，动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。虚拟语气有时用于错综时

间，即条件从句的时态与主句的时态不一致。

Examples: 1. Were she in good health, she would do it on her own. （如果她身体好的话，她会亲自干的。） 2. Had he known her telephone number, he would have called her.（如果他知道她的电话号码，他早给她去电话了。）

3. If they had studied hard before, they could do it easily now.（如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。）

4. If he had taken my advice that day, he would do it much better now.（如果他那天听了我的建议，他现在会干得更好。）

Practice: 1. If you ______ to him last time you saw him, you_______ what to do now.

A. spoke„would know B. had spoken„would know C. spoke„knew D. had spoken„knew

正确答案：B

2. ______ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. A. Should they arrive B. Had they arrived C. Were they to arrive D. Were they arrived 正确答案：C

3. ______ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.

A. Not being B. Had it not been C. Without being D. Not having been 正确答案：B

虚拟语气用于特殊句型

特殊句型 suggest(order, insist, propose…)+宾语从句 例句 The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. （老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。） It's important that she (should) do so. (她这样做是很重要的。) They received the order that the crops (should) be harvested at once.(他们收到命令，让他们马上收割庄稼。) I wish he weren’t my boss. (真希望他不是我的老板。) If only I were a movie star!(我要是电影明星就好了。) 意义 表达建议、要求、命令等，从句中\"should\" 可以省略。 It is important(necessary, advisable, demanded…) that +主语从句 suggestion(advice, proposal, order…)+同位语从句 动词wish后 If only+感叹句 It’s (about, high) time that… 表达不太可能实现的愿望 It is about time that the machine 表达建议早该做某事 were repaired.(这台机器该修了。) She speaks as if she knew everything.(她讲起话来好象她什么都懂似的。) Mary went out earlier in case she should miss the train.玛丽很早出门以免误了火车。 表达“好象”，但真实情况要用陈述语气 表达“以防，以免”，从句中“should”一般不可省去 表达“宁愿”，“要不是” as if/though+方式状语从句 in case(lest, for fear that)＋状语从句 含有would rather, but for等短语的句子 But for your help, we had not been able to finish the work in time.（要不是你的帮助，我们不能及时完成这项工作。） Practice: 1. Anne had just arrived, but she talked as if she ______ about our plan.

A. had known B. know C. knows D. has known 正确答案: A

2. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he ______ there. A. didn’t go B. doesn’t go C. won’t go D. not go 正确答案:D

3. It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time we _____ home ? A. should go B. go C. are going D. went 正确答案:D

4. Your advice that Taylor ______ invited to the party was accepted. A. would be B. will be C. be D. is 正确答案:C

5. Jim would rather we ______ now, but we must go to work. A. not leave B. had not left C. didn’t leave D. not to be left 正确答案:C